Feature extraction is a very crucial step in P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and independent component analysis (ICA) is a suitable P300 feature extraction method. But at present the convergence performance of the general ICA iteration methods are not very satisfactory. In this paper, a method based on quantum particle swarm optimizer (QPSO) algorithm and ICA technique is put forward for P300 extraction. In this method, quantum computing is used to impel ICA iteration to globally converge faster. It achieved the purpose of extracting P300 rapidly and efficiently. The method was tested on two public datasets of BCI Competition II and III, and a simple linear classifier was employed to classify the extracted P300 features. The recognition accuracy reached 94.4% with 15 times averaged. The results showed that the proposed method could extract P300 rapidly and the extraction effect did not reduce. It provides an experimental basis for further study of real-time BCI system.
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; genetics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics

Objective To research the pathogenies' types and analyze the antibacterial drug' s using rationality from the children with acute respiratory infection,our study were generated by pediatric department from the hospital lasting 2 years.Methods A total of 93 pediatric patients with acute respiratory infection admitted from December 1,2010 through November 30,2012 were enrolled into study.The throat swabs from 93 patients were sent to the Beijing Center for Disease and Prevention (CDC) to identify the influenza virus,syncytial virus and mycoplasma with rapid nucleic acid test.The specimens of sputum from hospitalized patients were sent to the hospital bacterial laboratory for bacteria culture.With the Children Drug Utilization Index (cDUI),the rationality of using antibiotics was estimated.The database was established by using SPSS version 18.0 software and the data were analyzed to determine the statistical distinction among the percentage by the Chi square test (P ＜ 0.05).Results Of them,70.96％ pediatric patients were below 3 years old (excluding newborns).Of them,62.36％ patients had positive findings of viral infection.The predominant viruses of respiratory infection were syncytial virus accounting for 30.43％,the influenza viruses 24.63％ and the para-influenza virus 10.14％.The patients with positive results in vital test were more vulnerable to lower respiratory infection than those with negative results.The pneumonia patients with positive finding of syncytial virus accounted for 85.71％ (18 patients) in which the median cDUI was 1.30.The antibiotics were given to 28 pneumonia patients with positive virus test,in which the median cDUI was 1.05.Of 28 pneumonia patients,4 (16％) had positive bacteria growth in sputum cultures,and 4 cases (16％) had positive bacteria growth in blood cultures.Conclusions In the district of hospital,the lower respiratory infection was usually caused by viruses.Therefore,antibiotics should not be given in patients without evidence of bacterial infection.It is a irrational strategy to use antibiotics in those patients when the Children Drug Utilization Index is high (＞ 1.0).It is paramount important to notice that the percentage of positive bacteria growth in sputum cultures is usually not high because the antibiotics are given by OPD physicians before hospitalization of patients with bacterial infections in the acute respiratory illness.

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is the most common type of arrhythmia and an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke.Warfarin effectively decreases the risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with NVAF,but substantially increases the risk for severe bleeding.Currently,most clinical guidelines recommend using the CHADS2 score for stroke risk stratification in NVAF patients to guide antithrombotic treatment.Although its application is simple and convenient,the CHADS2 score has been debated because of many limitations; especially some common stroke risk factors were not included.By comparison,the CHA2 DS2-VASc scores have included more risk factors for stroke.It can better identify the truly low-risk patients.Among the AF patients with CHADS2 score of 0 to 1,CHA2DS2-VASc scores may provide the important information for stroke risk,and thus help the decision-making of the anticoagulant therapy.

AimTo realize the regulatory actions of nitric oxide(NO) on supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons by observing the effects of NO donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP) on SON neurons. Methods The cell electrophysioloical properties were obtained by the intracellular recording techniques from the SON neurons in adult rat hypothalamic slices. Results In 11 silent cells, superfusion of SNP(1 mmol · L-1) for 3～5 min resulted in the depolarization response with a decrease of membrane resistance and time constant(P＜0.05) in 55% of cells, while hyperpolarization with an increase of membrane resistance in 45 % of neurons. In 73% of tested cells, SNP also decreased the amplitude, overshoot, firing frequency and slope of current-voltage curve, and increased the afterhyperpolarization of action potentials evoked by intracellular depolarizing current pulses(P ＜0.05).However, SNP enhanced the spontaneous firing in 67% of 6 tested cells with spontaneous activities. ConclusionSNP presents an inhibitory or excitatory effect on SON neurons in aneurontype-andfunctionalstate-dependent manner, which suggests that NO may exhibit adverse regulatory actions on SON neurons.

Relations between doctor and patient are basic and important human relation in medical practice.Because of some reasons,the relations appear tense status in our country,moreover the market economy flourishingly develops,as the result of medical organizations suffering more and more existent pressure.It is an important subject faced for people,especially for medical worker,to righly think the existed defects,and set up the mutual action between doctor and patient.

Ecological system of subjects innovation is a strategic paradigm proposed by researchers of subjects innovation.In order to achieve efficient knowledge reuse and continuous knowledge innovation,Ecological system of subjects innovation reconstructs,integrates and optimizes the internal and external resource scattered in different subjects,knowledge chains ,knowledge alliances,knowledge clusters.To construct the cooperative innovation model of ecological system of subjects innovation.In this paper,the definition of ecological system of subjects innovation has been given.Then cooperative innovation model has been constructed and ecological system of subjects innovation has been demonstrated through some cases.Cooperative innovation model of ecological system of subjects innovation is composed of the purpose,the partner and the cooperation.Using extended network cooperation model,ecological system of subjects innovation gain the advantages of competition.

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Yishen-Jianpi-Huoxue Decoction on the adolescent patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).Methods 42 patients diagnosed of PCOS of spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome were recruited in to traditional Chinese medicine group and treated with Yishen-Jianpi-Huoxue Decoction,and 35 patients of PCOS were recruited into control group and guided with the healthy lifestyle.The course of the treatment was 3 months.The menstrual cycle,body mass index (BMI),F-G score,GAGS score,basal body temperature (BBT),and endocrine related inspection were analyzed before and after the treatment.Results The clinical symptoms and related laboratory tests were improved in both groups after the treatment,but the effects of traditional Chinese medicine group was much better than the control group in BMI(23.11+3.64),GAGS score(7.33±7.06),FINS(14.73+8.97) mmol/L,and HOMA-IR (3.13 ±1.94),P＜0.05 or ＜0.01.Conclusion Yishen-Jianpi-Huoxue Decoction can improve the clinical symptoms and endocrine condition of edolescent PCOS patients.

Objective To establish a method for determination of chlorogenic acid, galuteolin and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid in chrysanthemums by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker ( QAMS ) . Methods Using chlorogenic acid as the internal standard substance, the relative correction factors ( RCFs ) of galuteolin and 3, 5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid were determined by HPLC.The contents of chlorogenic acid, galuteolin and 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid in 12 samples of chrysanthemums were authentically determined by the external standard method, so as to to verify the accuracy of the QAMS method. Results The average relative error of contents of galuteolin and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid was 2.75% and 1.33%by the external standard method and QAMS, respectively. Conclusion The established RCFs have good reproducibility.In case of lack of standard substances, the QAMS method with chlorogenic acid as an internal standard for determination of 3 indicators in chrysanthemum is feasible.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Ginkgo‐Leaf Capsule combined with tripterygium glycoside in the treat‐ment of diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its influence on CysC ,Hcy and VEGF .Methods Eighty patients with DN treated in our hospital from January 2013 to April 2015 were selected as research subjects and equally divided into the control group and the ob‐servation group according to the random number table ,40 cases in each group .Besides the conventional Western medicine treat‐ment ,the control group was given tripterygium glycoside ,while the observation group was given Kinkgo‐Leaf Capsule combined with tripterygium glycoside .The treatment course was 3 months .Then ,the curative efficacy ,indices of renal function ,levels of Cy‐sC ,Hcy and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) ,and occurrence situation of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups .Results The total therapeutic efficacy rate in the observation group and the control group was 92 .50% and 80 .00%respectively without statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) .In the comparison with the control group after treatment ,the re‐nal function indices of serum creatinine ,urea nitrogen ,24 h urinary protein ,level of serum CysC ,Hcy and VEGF in the observation group were statistically decreased (P< 0 .05) .During the treatment process ,no severe adverse reactions occurred in the two groups .The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 17 .5% and 12 .5% respectively without statistical difference (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Ginkgo‐Leaf Capsule combined with tripterygium glycoside is effective and reliable for treating DN ,which can significantly improve the renal function ,reduces the level of serum CysC ,Hcy and VEGF .