Objective In order to investigate the synaptic plasticity in dentate gyrus after seizures and axonal and dendrtic sprout- ing induced by KA administration. Methods The density of synapses, the curvature forms of synaptic interface were studied under electron microscope. Results 1 .The density of the synapse is decreased obviously 3 days after KA injection, while the density of synapses is increased to control level 7 days after KA injection. 2. Compare with the curvation forms of synaptic interface of control animals and 3days after KA administration animals, the amount of smile synapses is significantly decresed and the amount of frown synapses is significantly increased in the moleculous layer of dentate gyrus 7 days after KA injection. Conclusions 1 .This result demonstrates that the axonal and dendritic sprouting of dentate granule cells is functional. 2. The increase of frown synapse is related to the release of glutamate of sprouting mossy fibers.

Objective:To discuss the prokaryotic expression system and purification conditions of Toxoplasma gondii profilin-like protein (TgPRF), and to provide basis for the study on anti-tumor immuno-adjuvant. Methods:The coding region of TgPRF gene was amplified with a pair of specific primers which were designed according to the cDNA of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain.The PCR products were cloned into the pET-28a (+ ) vector after double enzyme digestion. The recombinant pET28a (+ )-TgPRF plasmid was transformed into E.coli DH5αcells.The positive clones were selected by the double restrictive enzyme digestion and sequencing.The correct pET28a (+)-TgPRF plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3)and induced for 4 h by IPTG.The expression of recombinant TgPRF protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE method;the expression of recombinant protein His-profilin was detected by Western blotting method.Results:The length of product of PCR was 492 bp.The recombinant plasmid pET28a-TgPRF was confirmed by double restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing.The SDS-PAGE results showed that the target protein was expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3)in bacteria supernatant.The purified TgPRF protein was obtained by Ni-NTA agarose gel column chromatography with the purity>90%.The Western blotting results revealed that the recombinant TgPRF protein could be recognized by Anti-His antibody.Conclusion: The recombinant plasmid pET28a-TgPRF is successfully constructed,and the TgPRF protein is obtained with the soluble prokaryotic expression.

Objective To investigate the long-term surgical outcome and safety of resective surgical treatment in patients with post-traumatic epilepsy(PTE). Methods Patients with PTE who underwent resective surgery from January 2014 to December 2020 at our center were consecutively included,and their demographic characteristics and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multifactor Logistic regression analysis were used to identify potential predictors of postoperative outcome,and surgery-related complications were documented and followed-up. Results A total of 104 patients with PTE were included. The postoperative outcomes were graded by Engel class:60.6%(63/104) as Engel class Ⅰ and 39.4%(41/104) as Engel class Ⅱ-Ⅳ with a mean follow-up of(68.7±23.2) months(20-103 months). Univariate analysis showed that age at the time of surgery and surgical side were associated with postoperative outcome,while multivariate analysis showed that only surgical side was an independent predictor of postoperative outcome(OR=2.944,95%CI 1.283-6.753,P=0.011),with 2.9 times the seizure-free(Engel class Ⅰ) rate when the surgical side was right-sided compared with left-sided. 29.8%(31/104) of patients had varying degrees of surgery-related complications,including 20 cases of subcutaneous or subdural effusion;3 cases of cerebral edema;2 cases of cerebral hemorrhage;1 case of hydrocephalus combined with incisional infection;and 5 cases of neurological deficits,4 of which recovered completely during the follow-up period. Conclusion PTE patients treated with resective surgery after comprehensive preoperative evaluation had good long-term surgical outcomes and safety,and good postoperative outcomes were predicted when the surgical side was right-sided.

To compared the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy （TLE） patients with different auras，so as to provide more theoretical reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TLE. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 408 TLE patients who underwent surgical treatment. The auras were divided into mesial temporal auras，lateral temporal auras，extratemporal auras and unspecific auras，and the age at seizure onset，gender，febrile seizures （FS），MRI，distribution of interictal epileptiform discharges （IEDs），secondary general tonicclonic seizures （SGTCS），operation side and surgical outcomes were compared in patients with different auras. Results 60.8% （248/408） of the TLE patients had auras，of which 37.7% were medial temporal auras，7.6% were lateral temporal auras，4.7% were extratemporal auras and 10.8% were unspecific auras. There was no significant difference in age at onset，gender，febrile seizures，MRI，distribution of IEDs，SGTCS and operation side in patients with or without auras（all P>0.05）. However，among patients with auras，those with mesial temporal auras had higher odds of focal IEDs （57.1% vs. 43.6%，P=0.039），and those with extratemporal auras had higher odds of FS and left side surgery （52.1% vs. 21.8%，P=0.006 and 73.7% vs. 49.3%，P=0.041，respectively）. The mean postoperative follow-up was 41.5±22.9 months and 75.4% （254/337） of patients were seizure free. There was no statistical difference in surgical outcomes among patients with different type of auras or no auras（P=0.483）.Conclusion The clinical characteristics including FS，lateralization of epileptogenic focus and distribution of IEDs in TLE patients with different type of auras had certain differences.However，there was no difference in surgical outcomes among TLE patients with no aura or different type of auras.

Objective　To investigate the electro-clinical characteristics of epilepsy patients with double cortex syndrome（DCS）. Methods　We retrospectively analyzed the history，imaging，electrophysiology，seizure type and clinical treatment of 4 epilepsy patients with DCS. Results　All 4 patients were female，and the onset age was 1 to 13 years old. All had different degrees of mental development disorders. The EEG background rhythm was significantly slower in 2 patients. In 3 patients，the interictal epileptic discharges were mainly located in the temporo-parieto-occipital area bilaterally，appeared synchronously or alternately，and could also be mainly distributed on one side. In 3 patients who had seizures all had a widespread seizure origin. All 4 patients had multiple seizure types，and secondary general tonic or general tonic-clonic can be well controlled in 3 patients. Conclusion　The incidence of epilepsy patients with DCS has obvious female gender advantage，and the earlier the onset age，the greater the impact on intellectual development. Interictal epileptic discharges in these patients were mainly located on posterior head bilaterally. Furthermore，it has the characteristics of wide distributed seizure onset zone，various seizure types，and well controlled seizure type of general tonic or general tonic-clonic by antiepileptic drugs.