Acute spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor,sen-sory and sphincter muscle dysfunction.Inflammatory response caused by inflammatory cytokines plays a crucial role in the oc-currence and development of secondary damage.Maintaining the body balance between inflammaion and anti-inflammation through an appropriate anti-inflammatory intervention will be an important strategy for drug therapy of spinal cord injury.This paper mainly introduces the cause,process and participation of inflammatory response in the pathophysiological mechanism of acute spinal cord injury,and also reviews the latest progress of experimental research of anti-inflammatory drugs,aiming to provide reference for finding the safe and effective drugs.

Spinal cord injury is a kind of disease with high disability rate and poor prognosis. According to the degree of injury and damage plane, adopting appropriate rehabilitation measures can effectively enhance the patient's sensory and motor function, and ultimately improve the quality of life. This article briefly introduced the content of rehabilitation training corresponding with various periods, and summarized that relieving the secondary injury, improving the regenerative microenvironment, promoting proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells differentiation and inducing plasticity were the biological mechanisms underlying the effect of rehabilitation training.

The mechanism of spinal cord injury and repair therapy after nerve injury is currently a hotspot of neuroscience research.Duplicating animal models plays a key role in experimental therapeutics of spinal cord injury.This review systematically describes the progress in animal models for spinal cord injury including contusion, compression, transection, ischemic,distraction and chemical-mediated injury,which have been established at home and abroad.Based upon the aforementioned models,some applications in experimental therapeutics are simultaneously enumerated.All these information provides scientific guidance for the experimental novel drugs′screening.

OBJECTIVE To study the expression of Toll-like recptor2(TLR2)and Toll-like receptor4(TLR4) in the fungal rhinosinusitis tissues,and to explore the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of fungal rhinosinusitis.METHODS The mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT- PCR)and immunohistochemistry(IHC)in 24 fungal rhinosinusitis tissues,24 chronic rhinosinusitis tissues,and 15 normal mucosa of inferior turbinate. RESULTS The mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in fungal rhinosinusitis tissues(0.208?0.063,0.159?0.059)was significantly decreased compared with that in chronic rhinosinusitis(0.505?0.097,0.406?0.102)and normal inferior turbinate tissues(0.327?0.047;0.232?0.088).The protein expression rates of TLR2 and TLR4 in fungal rhinosinusitis tissues (3/24,4/24)were significantly lower than that in chronic rhinosinusitis(20/24,21/24)and normal inferior turbinate tissues(7/15,8/15)by IHC study. CONCLUSION The lower expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in fungal rhinosinusitis tissues indicates that the declined role of TLR-mediated innate immune responses in the defensive reaction of anti-fungal in sinonasal mucosa,which may be one of the reasons for dropped clearance rate and increased susceptibility to fungi.

Evoked potentials can reflect the integrity of spinal sensory and motor conduction pathway.Evoked potential exami-nation not only provides relatively objective index for patients with spinal cord injury in preoperative diagnosis,intraoperative monitoring and prognosis judging,but also plays an irreplaceable role in evaluating animal models for spinal cord injury.This pa-per systematically reviews evoked potential in the clinical exami-nation of spinal cord injury and its application in evaluating ani-mal models.

This article introduced the main biological mechanisms of acupuncture promoting nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury, which include inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviation of neuropathic pain, increase of neurotrophic active sub-stance, regulation of cell survival/apoptosis gene and neural regeneration pathway.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of abdominal kneading massage in treating chronic superficial gastritis. Methods Forty-six cases of chronic superficial gastritis were randomly divided into test group and control group, 23 cases in each group. The patients of the test group were treated by the abdominal kneading massage, once a day, 7 times for a course of treatment, and the treatment lasted 2 courses. The patients of the control group took the western medicine Domperidone tablets orally, 10 mg each time, 3 times a day, for 2 continuous weeks. After treatment, we compared the clinical efficacy on syndromes and gastroscopy detection results in both groups. Results ( 1) After treatment, the scores of syndromes were decreased in both groups ( P<0.01 compared with those before treatment) , and the decrease was more obvious in the test group ( P<0.05 compared with the control group). ( 2) The total efficiency of test group was 91.30%, and that of the control group was 60.87%, the difference being significant ( P<0.01). ( 3) The results of gastroscopy showed that the relief of the gastritis lesions of the test group was significantly better than that in the control group, and the difference was significant ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Abdominal kneading massage can effectively relieve the symptom and gastric mucosa inflammatory manifestations of the chronic superficial gastritis patients, and this treatment can be recommended in clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Chinese medicine therapy is effective for patients with mild-to-moderate lumbar spinal stenosis and also has a better long-term effect than surgical patients, which can enhance perioperative efficacy and prevent spinal restenosis. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of “Tongmai songjin yigu” massage therapy on lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS:Eighty-four patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis were randomly and equaly divided into treatment group and control group. Treatment group were treated with “Tongmai songjin yigu” massage therapy; patients in the control group were treated according to the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of common disease in orthopedics and traumatology promulgated by China Association of Chinese Medicine, once a day, continuous for 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment, the visual analog scale score in the treatment group was improved significantly (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores on subjective symptom and daily life between the treatment and control groups (P < 0.05). The effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P< 0.05). These findings indicate that “Tongmai songjin yigu” massage therapy is better than traditional massage, but clinical large-sample studies are required.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role and significance of pepsin and pepsinogen in the pathogenesis of OME in children. METHOD: Pediatric patients with otitis media aged 2-8 years who enrolled in our department of the hospital from May of 2012 to December of 2012 were set as experimental group (38 cases, 48 ears) which should be underwent tympanic membrane puncture/tube insertion. Meanwhile, pediatric patients waiting for cochlear implant without otitis media (10 ears), were set as control group. Middle ear lavage fluid and plasma samples from the two groups were collected and detected using enzyme-linked immune method for pepsin and pepsinogen. RESULT: The concentrations of pepsin and pepsinogen in the middle ear lavage fluid of OME group [(48.8 ± 415.99) ng/ml and 676.32 ± 336.71)ng/ml] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(8.20 ± 4.59)ng/ml and (77.27 ± 50.33) ng/ml] (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the concentration of pepsinogen in the middle ear lavage of OME patients was significantly higher than that of plasma (P < 0.01). The concentration of pepsin in the middle ear lavage fluid from the dry ear subgroup was lower than those in the serum ear and mucous ear subgroups (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference about concentrations of pepsinogen among the dry ear, serum ear and mucous ear subgroups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Pepsin and pepsinogen in the middle ear cavity of OME patients maybe originated from laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), indicating that LPR is associated with the pathogenesis of OME in children.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, Middle ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; physiopathology ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; metabolism ; Pepsin A ; metabolism ; Pepsinogen A ; metabolism ; Tympanic Membrane ; surgery

Objective:To analyze identification of copper death gene related subtypes,construction of prognosis model and influence of immune infiltration in osteosarcoma(OS)on basis of copper death gene.Methods:Survival and prognosis of OS associated copper death gene were analyzed combining by TARGET and GEO database.OS was divided into different subtypes of copper death by consistent clustering method.SSGSEA was used to analyze difference of immune cells in classification of copper death.Setting P value= 0.05 and q value=0.05,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on differential genes of copper death typing.Prognosis model was constructed according to results of Lasso regression analysis and cross validation,risk assessment analysis and ROC curve were used to evaluate accuracy of model prediction.Combined with clinical characteristics,nomograms were constructed to predict survival time of patients,and risk differences were analyzed.Immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment analysis were performed on OS samples."pRRophetic"package in R software was used to analyze drug sensitivity of OS samples.Results:FDX1,GLS,DLAT and PDHB as high-risk genes for OS prognosis were identified.According to copper death classification of OS samples,OS could be divided into two types:CRGclusterA and CRGclusterB.CRGclusterA was associated with Th2 cells,and CRGclusterB was associated with Th1 cells.Most OS copper death genes were highly expressed in CRGclusterA.Immune cell infiltration analysis results showed that γδ T cells,resting mast cells and resting dendritic cells were positively correlated with risk score,while CD8 T cells were negatively correlated with risk score.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that OS showed higher sensitivity to Elesclomol and GW.441756.Conclusion:Two subtypes of CRGclusterA and CRGclusterB are identified in this study.Four high-risk prognostic genes FDX1,GLS,DLAT and PDHB are identified,providing new insights into prognostic evaluation and immunotherapy target candidates for OS.