Australia ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis C ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; Risk Assessment

Coal Mining ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Tuberculosis ; prevention & control

Hospital Restructuring ; Hospitals ; Occupational Health Services

Objective To determine the inhibitive effect of interferon-a on hepatic metastasis of colon cancer. Methods Metastatic model of human colon cancer was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human tumor tissue into the colon wall of nude mice.The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:(1)Control group(receiving saline solution only);(2)5-FU treatment group;(3) IFN-?-2b treatment group;and(4)5-FU combined with IFN-?-2b treatment group(combined group). 5-FU and IFN-?-2b were given via peritoneum injection 1 time/2 days for eight weeks.The mice were killed at nine weeks.The tumors were weighed,the microvessel density(MVD) was detected,and the liver was examined histologically in order to discover the micrometastasis. Results In control group, 5-FU group,IFN-2b group and combined group,the tumor weight was(1.53?0.78)g,(0.87?0.59)g,(0.81?0.43)g and ( 0.23?0.09)g, respectively;the tumor inhibition rate was 0,43.1%,47.1% and 84.9%, respectively;the hepatic metastasis rate was 85.7%,78.6%,21.4% and 0 respectively.MVD in IFN-? group and combined group was significant lower than that in control group and 5-FU group. Conclusions IFN-? can inhibit the growth and hepatic metastasis of orthotopic implanted human colon cancer by inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis.It may be more effective when INF-? combined with cyotoxic agents.

Imaging diagnosis is one of the main bases for the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. At present the - diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis is mainly based on high kV X ray chest radiography or chest digital radiography. With （ ） ， （ ） the wide application of computed tomography CT in occupational lung diseases high resolution CT HRCT is increasingly Update： Standardized CT/HRCT Classification of Occupational valuable in the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. The and Environmental Thoracic Diseases in Germany， ， published in 2014 is the latest and highly reliable standard. The standard - - - recommends the use of low dose HRCT scanning regimens and whole lung thin layer volumetric scanning with a thickness of - ， ， 1.0 mm and high resolution reconstruction which classify CT image quality into four levels and describes methods for （ ， classification and quantitative recording of CT manifestations of lung lesions including round opacities irregular and/or linear ， ， ， ， ） opacities ground glass opacity honeycombing emphysema and large opacities and pleural lesions. It is beneficial for ， ， ， epidemiological research early screening diagnosis and differential diagnosis treatment and prognosis of occupational ， pneumoconiosis as well as the comparison of international data related to occupational pneumoconiosis.

Imaging diagnosis is one of the main bases for the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. At present the - diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis is mainly based on high kV X ray chest radiography or chest digital radiography. With （ ） ， （ ） the wide application of computed tomography CT in occupational lung diseases high resolution CT HRCT is increasingly Update： Standardized CT/HRCT Classification of Occupational valuable in the diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis. The and Environmental Thoracic Diseases in Germany， ， published in 2014 is the latest and highly reliable standard. The standard - - - recommends the use of low dose HRCT scanning regimens and whole lung thin layer volumetric scanning with a thickness of - ， ， 1.0 mm and high resolution reconstruction which classify CT image quality into four levels and describes methods for （ ， classification and quantitative recording of CT manifestations of lung lesions including round opacities irregular and/or linear ， ， ， ， ） opacities ground glass opacity honeycombing emphysema and large opacities and pleural lesions. It is beneficial for ， ， ， epidemiological research early screening diagnosis and differential diagnosis treatment and prognosis of occupational ， pneumoconiosis as well as the comparison of international data related to occupational pneumoconiosis.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Reduning injection (RI) on influenza A virus (IAV) and its mechanism. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of RI in A549 and MDCK cells by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Western blot and cytopathic effect (CPE) assays were applied to test the effects of RI on viral protein, CPE and virus virulence to evaluate its inhibitory effect. The proteins level of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), phosphorylation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were detected by Western blot. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the RNA expression of interferon-α/β (IFN-α/β). The relative luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the promoter activity and transcriptional regulation of Nrf2. The results indicated that RI inhibited IAV-induced MDCK cytopathies in a dose-dependent manner, decreased M2 protein of influenza virus and viral titer, indicating that it has definite effect on inhibiting IAV. RI promotes the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and ERK1/2, activates the activity of Nrf2 nuclear transcription factor, increases the expression of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus, thus up-regulates the expression of HO-1 protein, and ultimately increases the IFN-α/β mRNA level. In summary, our results demonstrated that RI inhibits the replication of IAV by activating MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, revealing a new mechanism of RI against influenza virus, and providing theoretical basis for clinical treatment of influenza virus.

Objective To observe the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on intestinal function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into group A (n=12), group B (n=12) and group C (n=12). SCI model was established with Allen's mode (10 g×25 mm) at T10. 30 minutes later, group A was intraperitoneally injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg every 24 hours; group B was injected with Shuxuening injection (EGb) 1.75 mg/kg every 24 hours; group C were injected with equal volume of saline. The slow wave of intestinal smooth muscle was measured, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after modeling, while intestinal tissue was tested with HE staining. Results The amplitude and frequency of the myoelectric slow wave increased in the groups A and B 3 and 7 days after modeling compared with those in the group C (P<0.05); meanwhile, the activity of SOD increased and content of MDA decreased in the groups A and B (P<0.05). The HE scores decreased in the groups A and B compared with those in the group C (P<0.05), which presented that the inflammatory exudation was mild, the hemorrhagic spot was few and the area was limited. The intestinal villous of the group C was blunt with large infiltration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface. Conclusion EGb can improve the recovery of intestinal function in rats spinal cord injury through antioxidant.

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated with bloodstream infection in hospital. Methods 47 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bloodstream in PLA General Hospital were collected from January 2006 to December 2008. Susceptibility of the strains to 11 antimicrobial agents was detected and DNA homology of them was analyzed with Rep-based DiversiLab~(TM) Microbial Typing System. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)gene was determined by PCR. For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains,the genotypes of SCCmec were determined and ST239 clone was screened with multiplex PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the STs of the selected isolates. Results In the 47 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood,methicillin-resistant strains accounted for 51.1%,all belonged to SCCmec Ⅲ type,with only 2 pvl gene positive strains identified. 12 different patterns (A-L) were found among 47 strains with Rep-PCR. All MRSA strains clustered in the A and B subtypes. Conclusion Most MRSA strains isolated from blood in PLA General Hospital belonged to ST239-MRSA-SCCmec Ⅲ clone. DiversiLab~(TM) Microbial Typing System could provide a rapid and effective method to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus in the hospital settings.

Objective To investigate the expression of osteopontin(OPN) mRNA in breast tissues containing microcalcifications and the significance of OPN in tumor pathogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer.Methods The expression of OPNmRNA in 128 samples of tissues of breast lesions and adjacent breast tissues and 9 samples of metastatic lymph nodes were examined.Results The expression of OPNmRNA was highest in(calcified) foci of breast cancer tissues and in metastatic lynph nodes,lower in calcified foci of benign breast tissues and lowest in breast tissues adjacent to breast cancer and in benign tissues without calcification.The differences between the defferent tissues were significant(all P