Objective To explore the causes of congenital hypothyroidism by single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) thyroid imaging.Methods Nineteen cases with congenital hypothyroidism were collected,and SPECT thyroid imaging was performed 15 minutes late after injected 99m TcO_ 4- 18.5-37.0 MBq.Results Five cases were found with normal glands,1 case with enlarged thyroid, 2 cases with enlarged thyroid and increased radiation,4 cases with ectopic thyroid,4 with a hypogenetic thyroid,and the last 3 cases showed no thyroid imaging.Conclusions The causes of congenital hypothyroidism can be found by SPECT thyroid imaging,which is important to the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism combined with detection of T_3,T_4,TSH.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinate acid(DMSA) renal cortical scintigraphy for the identification of distinguishing between upper urinary infection(UUTI) and lower upper urinary infection(LUTI).Methods Two hundred and seventy-five children (111 males,164 females)ranging from 44 days to 15 years old,presented with urinary tract infection underwent 99mTc-DMSA renal cortical scintigraphy.The images were scored as normal (indicating LUTI) and abnormal (indicating acute pyelonephritis or renal scarring).Results Of 275 children with UTI,95 cases had normal images diagnosed as LUTI,41 males,54 females;and 180 cases had abnormal images,70 males,110 females.One hundred and seventy-four cases were diagnosed as acute pyelonephritis,6 cases were diagnosed as renal cortical scars,56 cases were single renal involved and 118 cases were both renal involved,and 22 cases repeatedly underwent renal cortical scanning after therapy.Sixteen of 18 cases with acute pyelonephritis completely recovered normal or obviously ameliorated after 0.5 to 2.0 years,2 cases did not show any improvement after 0.5 to 1.5 years,4 cases with renal scarring,and showed little change on repeated images after 1.0 to 1.5 years.Conclusions The 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy is very useful in differentiating the children with urinary tract infection.It also can be used to determine the extension,degree and nature of UUTI,and might play an important role in the treatment and follow-up observation in children with UUTI.

Hospital Restructuring ; Hospitals ; Occupational Health Services

Oral iron is a commonly used preparation for the treatment of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in children, but its undesirable taste has become a major factor affecting clinical adherence to the medication. No studies have been conducted to evaluate the palatability of oral iron supplements. Thirteen representative oral iron supplements were selected to evaluate the palatability of oral iron supplements from different perspectives of in vivo and ex vivo by combining the electronic tongue (e-tongue) test, FaceReader facial expression analysis technology and taste interviews. E-tongue test results showed that iron dextran granlues were closest to odorless potassium chloride solution, basically free of bitterness and astringency, which was superior to the other products. FaceReader facial expression results showed that 58.7% of the subjects valued iron dextran granlues for their emotional efficacy higher than that of iron proteinsuccinylate oral solution. Among 43 participants aged ≥ 5 years, the taste preference for iron dextran granlues was 83.7%, and 83.7% of participants chose to take iron dextran granlues again. This study found that iron dextran granlues have a better taste and their flavor is more popular among children, which provides a reference for pediatric clinical use of oral iron supplementation preparations and a new idea for the evaluation of palatability of medications for children. This in vivo palatability evaluation is an investigational clinical trial that was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Beijing Children's Hospital (No. 2021-149-Y).

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells are involved in the skin repair after scald, but the hydrogel made of the excreta by adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells is rarely reported in the treatment of skin scald. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic effect of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium hydrogel in a mouse model of skin scald. METHODS: Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from adipose tissues by enzyme digestion combined with adherent culture method. Morphological and flow cytometry were used to identify phenotype and induce differentiation. Secondly, the stable proliferative phase cells were harvested to obtain the conditioned medium, and chitosan, mannitol, beta-glycerol phosphate sodium and hyaluronic acid were added to prepare the thermosensitive hydrogel. Then the 95 ℃ aluminum block was used to rapidly establish a model of degree III skin scald on the left (experimental group) and right (control group) sides of the back of 24 C57BL/6 mice. In the experimental group, adipose derived stem cell conditioned medium hydrogel was applied twice a day on the right side of the mouse back, and in the control group, fresh medium hydrogel was applied twice a day on the left side of the mouse back. The treatment period lasted for 7 days. Healing time and healing process were observed to calculate the healing rate. Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at paraffin sections at 4, 14, 28 days after skin scald. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells had fibroblast-like morphology and proliferated vigorously, and the average doubling time was 55 hours. These cells could be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. High expression of CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105 were observed on these cells with low expression of CD31 and CD34, which met the standard of mesenchymal stem cells. (2) Thethermosensitive hydrogel prepared by the conditioned medium was cool and transparent viscous liquid at 4-20 ℃, and was changed into semi-solid gel at( 37 ℃ after 15 minutes. (3) The normal structure) subcutaneous fat and muscle tissue (of 95 ℃ aluminum block scalded mice wer) standards of degree III burns. The wound area was roughly 3 cm2. (4) In the repair process, shorter wound healing time, less scar and better dermis structure were observed in the experimental group compared with the control group. (5) Inflammatory infiltration, thickness of granulation tissue, epidermal thickness, fibroblasts and vascular density were significantly improved in the experimental group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium hydrogel can promote the wound healing and promote the quality of regenerated skin after skin scald.

AIM:To investigate the effects of seipin gene deficiency on renal injury and the possible mecha-nisms in seipin-/-mice.METHODS:Six-month-old male seipin knockout ( seipin-/-) and wild-type ( WT) mice ( n=8) were used to study 24 h urinary albumin excretion ( UAE) , renal functions, pathological changes, and plasma leptin and adiponectin levels.Seipin mRNA expression in different tissues and each part of the kidney was also measured in WT mice.RESULTS:Real-time PCR analysis showed seipin mRNA expression in WT mice was higher in adipose tissue and testicles, and was also found in the kidney, which was mainly in glomeruli.Compared with control group, seipin-/-group showed increased kidney weight/tibia length (P<0.01), 24 h UAE (P<0.01), creatinine clearance (P<0.01), and glomerular and mesangial surface area (P<0.05).Both plasma leptin (P<0.01) and adiponectin (P<0.05) levels were significantly decreased in seipin-/-mice.CONCLUSION:Seipin gene deficiency in mice leads to renal injury prob-ably by decreasing plasma leptin and adiponectin levels due to lack of adipose tissue.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of silent information regulation 2 homolog 3 ( SIRT3 ) against hypoxia via preconditioning.Methods PG12 cells were randomly divided into control,hypoxic preconditioning ( Hyp),Hyp with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and OGD.MTT assay and DAPI staining were used to evaluate cellular viability.MitoSOX Red was used to measure the production of mitochondrial superoxide.The protein expression of SIRT3,PGC-1α and MnSOD were assessed by Western blot.Recombinant SIRT3 was also given to further investigate its roles in hypoxic preconditioning.Results The preconditioned PC12 cells had a higher survival rate.When expressed as a percentage of the control group,MTT values following 6 h OGD were around 51.0% in the OGD group but around 74.7% in the Hyp + OGD group ( F = 56,P ＜ 0.01).Mitochondrial ROS after Hyp was less than the OGD group.Both Hyp + OGD and OGD increased the expression of SIRT3,PGC-1α and MnSOD proteins,and these increases were greater after Hyp + OGD.Similarly,the application of recombinant SIRT3 to OGD also further increased the expression of these proteins.Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning can protect PC12 cells against hypoxic injury.One possible mechanism of hypoxic preconditioning is via SIRT3 to upregulate PGC-la and,in turn,MnSOD to reduce generation of ROS.

Objective To compare 1HMRS and DTI findings of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and normal elderly controls. Methods Fifteen mild AD patients, 20 moderate to severe AD patients and 20 aging controlled normal subjects (CN) were recruited. MRS imaging and DTI were performed on a 1.5 T MRI scanner. A ROI was positioned in the posterior part of the cingulate. MRS data were processed and the metabolite ratios were estimated, including the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, mI/Cr. Comparing with the axial MRS location, we chose the same level to posit the ROIs on both sides of the posterior cingulated fibers on fractional anisotropy map (FA) and mean diffusivity map (MD). Mean spectroscopy data and DTI values for each groups were analysed with Mann-Whitney U non parametric test. Correlations between MRS and DTI values for AD groups were estimated using partial correlations test controlling for the age related bias. Results Compared to normal aging groups, mild AD group showed a significantly lower FA value in the left side of posterior cingulum bundle (0. 549±0. 056 vs 0. 517±0. 058,Z =2. 014,P <0. 05). Whereas, moderate to severe group versus mild AD group revealed significantly elevated MI) value and a decrease in FA value in the right side of posterior cingulate ( FA 0. 517 ± 0. 059 vs 0. 432 ± 0. 073, Z = 3. 216, P < 0. 01 ; MD (0.726±0.041) × 10-3 mm2/s vs (0.761±0.057) × 10-3 mm2/s,Z = 1.970,P <0.05) . Obvious increasing mI/Cr ratio was found in mild AD group ( 0. 61 ± 0. 07 vs 0. 68 ± 0. 12, Z = 2. 911, P < 0. 01 ). NAA/Cr ratio showed gradually decrease in AD groups. Partial correlations analysis revealed a positive correlation between ml/Cr ratio and left posterior cingulated FA value in mild AD group ( r = 0. 586, P < 0. 05) and negative correlation between NAA/Cr and MD value in the right side of posterior cingulated region ( r = - 0. 505, P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions These findings suggested that there were different regional and temporal pattern in different course of AD disease, resulting from axonal loss or gliosis. Combining MRS with DTI alternations could be a better potential indicator and could better explain the pathological changes in AD progression.

Objective To explore the imaging manifestations of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS) and discuss their pathological features.Methods Twelve patients of LGCOS proved by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively and a review of related literature was performed.All twelve patients had plain X-ray,1 1 patients CT examination,and 10 patients contrast-enhanced MR scan.Imaging features of the LGCOS were summarized,their clinical and pathological manifestations were discussed for differential diagnosis.Their prognosis was evaluated with followed up examination.Results Of the 12patients with LGCOS,six tumors were located in the distal femur,3 in the proximal tibia,2 in the proximal femur and 1 in the talus.The radiographic features of LGCOS were variable.There were 7 patients with predominantly osteolytic destruction,3 patients with mixed sclerotic and lyric changes,with well-defined margins,2 patients with Osteogenic changes on X-ray.On CT,9 patients showed a clear cortical breach,5 patients with soft tissue involvement,6 patients with peripheral incompletely sclerotic zone,2 patients with periosteal reaction.On MRI,there were 10 patients with abnormal signal in medullary cavity,8 patients with soft tissue masses,and all 10 patients exhibited contrast enhancement.The microscopic features of LGCOS were characteristically bland,comprising spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles in a heavily collagenous background with variable bone or osteoid production.There were mild nuclear atypia and rare mitoses.In four patients,misdiagnoses were made by biopsy or surgical pathology as fibrous dysplasia or fibrous histiocytoma and other benign lesions,all four patients had postoperative recurrence.Conclusions LGCOS should be differentiated form fibrous dysplasia,non-ossifying fibroma,and other benign lesions.An accurate diagnosis can be made in most cases by careful pathological and radiological correlation.

To accommodate the requirement of quality education and achieve the goal of the 7-year-schooling clinical medicine,experimental training of cell immunology based on pathogen-induced immunology was established in combination with traditional experiment teaching method.In this course,inductive teaching method was used.The independent study and innovation ability of student were trained,which had a better teaching effect.