ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of neonatalCandida arthritis. Methods The clinical data from one case of neonatalCandida arthritis with swelling and pain in multiple joints as the ifrst symp-toms were reviewed.Results Boy born at 31 weeks' gestational age had the birth weight of 2100 g. The patients was admitted to neonatal intensive care unit after birth and treated with antibiotics for a long time due to infection. At 24 days after birth, blood culture showed the growth ofCandida albicans. At 29 days after birth, the bilateral knee joints showed swelling. TheCandida arthritis was diagnosed through X ray and joint-cavity lfuid culture. The patient was treated with Fluconazole for 13 weeks. When discharged, the joints swelling had been disappeared, while the muscle tension of the double upper limbs was signiifcantly weak. The shoulders had visible slight activities independently. The ifngers, wrists and elbows had less independent activities. The muscle tension of the double lower limbs was slight and the independent activity was more than upper limbs, but the extend was smaller than normal. The palmar grasp relfex was weak. The 30 months follow-up showed that each joint had even length, no abnormality and normal activities. The language and intelligence were normal.Conclusions NeonatalCandida arthritis is mostly combined with or secondary to systemic disseminated candidiasis, and the priority therapy is antifungal drugs. Surgical operation can be considered if necessary, which can improve the prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the suitability of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positivity as a pre?dictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods Data of 115 diagnosed prostate cancer patients with RP from 2006 to 2013 were collected retrospectively. According to MRI results, patients were divided into MRI positive group (n=87) and MRI negative group (n=28). The preoperative clinical data were compared between two groups. Biochemi?cal recurrence was defined as increase or persistence of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels>0.2μg/L after surgery. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the risk factors associated with biochemical recurrence. Re?sults The survival time was shorter in MRI positive group than that of MRI negative group. The preoperative PSA level was higher in MRI positive group than that of MRI negative group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the age of pa?tients between two groups. In MRI positive group, the proportion of preoperative PSA>20μg/L , the proportion of patients at clinical stage T3, the proportion of patients with pathological Gleason score≥8, the proportion of patients with seminal vesi?cle invasion (SVI) and the proportion of patients with endocrine therapy were higher than those of negative group ( P<0.05). The univariate analysis showed that preoperative MRI positivity, PSA level, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage, pathological Gleason score, SVI level and lymph node invasion (LNM) were associated with biochemical recurrence (P<0.05).However, the multivariate analysis showed that only preoperative MRI positivity, biopsy Gleason score and clinical stage were indepen?dent prognostic factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative MRI positivity can predict biochemical recurrence after RP successfully, and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and in the adipose tissue of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to explore molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in GDM. Methods The serum and adipose tissue were sampled from patients with GDM (GDM group, n = 20) and normal pregnant women (control group, n = 20). Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase assay. The expressions of IRS-1 protein and mRNA were determined by Western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was measured by immunoprecipitation. Results Compared with control group, in GDM group, the expression of IRS-1 mRNA was markedly decreased (0.61 ±0.06 vs 1.12 ± 0.17, P < 0.01), the expression of IRS-1 protein was significantly decreased (0.57 ±0.08 vs O. 83 ±0.07, P <0.01) and tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly reduced (0.23 ± O. 06 vs O. 62 ±0.04, P < 0.01) in the adipose tissue. Conclusion The decline of protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the adipose tissue of gestational diabetes appears to be one of the moleculemechanisms of insulin resistance in patients with GDM.

Objective To investigate the variations of the expression and activity of phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase(PI-3K)in the adipose tissue of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and to explore its relationship with insulin resistance(IR)in these women.Methods The expression of PI-3K p85aprotein and mRNA in adipose tissue were detected by Western blot and Semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in 20 GDM women(GDM group)and 20 normal pregnant women(normal group).The activity of PI-3K was determined by ELISA and IR index was calculated using homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)according to the results of fasting insulin(FINS)and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),which measured by oxidase assay and immunoradioassay,respectively.Results The expressions of PI-3K p85αmRNA and PI-3K p85a protein were markedly increased in the adipose tissue of GDM group than in the normal group(mRNA:0.83±0.03 vs 0.53±0.07,P＜0.01;protein:0.93±0.04 vs 0.71±0.06,P＜0.01).However,the PI-3K activity in the GDM groups was significantly down-regulated compared with the normal group(1.7±0.6 vs 5.2±0.5,P＜0.01).The levels of FPG and FINS (HOMA-IR)in the GDM group were all significantly higher than the normal group[FPG:(5.8±0.2)mmol/L vs(4.7±0.3)mmol/L;FINS:(14.8±0.2)mmol/L vs(11.2±0.3)mmol/L;HOMA-IR:1.3±0.4 vs 0.9±0.3,a11 P＜0.01]. Conclusions The decreased activity of PI-3K in the adipose tissue may be one of the molecular mechanisms for IR in GDM.

To research the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycinamide-bearing compounds that used as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), P32/98 and compound A were chosen as the leading compounds, heterocycles containing nitrogen atom were introduced to form amide, and different residues on a-position of carbonyl were designed. The nineteen designed compounds were synthesized by a simple route and were evaluated as inhibitors of DPP-IV. All of the structures were characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS. The preliminary SAR result was obtained.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore the differences of membrane thickness and pressure on the paranasal sinus membrane in goats and analyze their causes. The results can provide theoretical basis and guidance for the issues of the maxillary sinus floor augmentation related to the membrane.

METHODSThe membrane was cut into two sizes from every sinus membrane. The membrane was fixed in formalin to obtain tissue specimens for the membrane thickness study and pressure study. The correlation between the two parameters was then analyzed, and appropriate statistical methods and software were selected.

RESULTSThe top of maxillary sinus, the bottom of maxillary sinus and the frontal sinus membrane thickness were (410.03 ± 65.97), (461.33 ± 91.37), (216.90 ± 46.47) µm. The pressure were (260.08 ± 80.12), (306.90 ± 94.37), (121.72 ± 31.72) kPa. The mean differences of the membrane thickness between the top of the maxillary sinus and the frontal sinus, bottom and frontal, and top and bottom were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean differences in membrane pressure were also statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe membrane thickness and pressure of the top and bottom of the maxillary sinus are higher than those of the frontal sinus membrane. However, the thickness and pressure of the bottom membrane are slightly higher than those of the top membrane. Pressure and membrane thickness are positively correlated in the sinus membrane.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the bacteria on the nurse mask in ICU ward and its air effects disinfection.METHODS Sixty masks were examined for the bacteria numbers,germiculture and drug resistance.The bacteria numbers on the mask were recorded in 2,4,6 and 8 h with or without air disinfection,and the numbers of air bacteria were also estimated before and after air disinfection 2,4,6 and 8 h.The kinds and drug resistance of bacteria in the sputum of patients were recorded during the examining time.RESULTS The meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus(MRS,90.6%) and the Escherichia coli(ECO,9.4%) were the major bacteria on the mask.The numbers of bacteria on the mask at 2,4,6 and 8 h with air disinfection were 1.2?1.5,3.4 ?2.8,4.2?3.4 and 5.3?3.6 CFU/cm2,respectively.The numbers of bacteria on the air before air disinfection were 1264?314 CFU/m3 and after air disinfection 2,4,6 and 8 h were 917?213,790?176,676?179 and 483?167 CFU/m3,respectively.The numbers of bacteria on the mask and on the ward air were decreased obviously after the air disinfection comparing without disinfection.MRS was found in 26.7% patients sputum,and had the same drug-resistance spectrum as the bacteria on the mask.CONCLUSIONS MRS and ECO may be infected through air,and the effective air disinfection could reduce the numbers of bacteria on the air,and decrease the possibility of intercross infection.

Objective To determine the independent risk factors for sepsis in patients with large area burns.Methods The study enrolled 307 patients with large area burns treated from June 2014 to June 2015.Related variables included age,gender,visit time,emergency eschar open,burn index,tangential excision of eschar during shock stage,delayed resuscitation during shock stage,oxygen pressure(PaO2),carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2),assisted ventilation mode,mechanical ventilation time,inhalation injury,prophylactic tracheotomy,continuous lactic acid rise,refractory hypernatremia,heart-lung disease history,and diabetes history.Correlation of the variables with the incidence of sepsis was observed.Independent predictors of sepsis in patients with large burns were differentiated using the Logistic regression analysis.Results Delayed resuscitation during shock period (OR =1.747,95％ CI 1.822-7.431,P ＜ 0.05),continuous lactic acid rise (OR =1.758,95％ CI 1.137-4.002,P ＜ 0.05),refractory hypernatremia (OR =2.985,95％ CI 1.074-6.782,P ＜ 0.05),moderate and severe inhalation injury(OR =14.764,95％ CI 0.892-47.323,P ＜ 0.05) and burn index (OR =5.017,95％ CI 1.075-23.572,P ＜ 0.05) were found be independently associated with sepsis in patients with large burns.Conclusions These independent risk factors for sepsis in large area burn patients deserve more attention.Early and timely treatment measures may reduce the incidence of sepsis.

Chloroplast genome sequences have comprehensive application prospects in DNA barcoding and chloroplast engineering in traditional Chinese medicine. The complete chloroplast genome of Magnolia officinalis sequenced by high-throughput pyrosequencing and a sequencing procedure was established. Fourteen contigs were obtained after de nove assembly. The sequencing percent of coverage was 99.99%. The chloroplast genome is 160 183 bp in size, and has a typical quadripartite structure with the large (LSC, 88 210 bp) and small copy (SSC, 18 843 bp) regions separated by two copies of an inverted repeat (IRs, 26 565 bp each). chloroplast genes were successfully annotated, of which 17 genes located in each IR region. The chloroplast genome features in Magnolia officinalis are nearly identical to those from other Magnoliid chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on 81 shared coding-genes for a total of 9 Magnolia samples of 5 closely related species. Results showed that distinguishing among species was generally straightforward at the species and population level. This study confirmed the effectiveness of our chloroplast genome sequencing procedure. The chloroplast genome can provide distinguishing differences to help identify Magnolia officinalis and its closely related plants.
Base Sequence ; Chloroplasts ; genetics ; DNA, Chloroplast ; genetics ; Genes, Chloroplast ; Genes, Plant ; Genome, Chloroplast ; Genome, Plant ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Magnolia ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVE Based on the methods of microdialysis,HPLC-MS/MS and gene chip tech-nology,the mechanism of Baicalin and Geniposide(BC/GP)against excitatory amino acid toxicity in ce-rebral ischemia was studied. This will provide guidance for the clinical application of BC/GP and the study of excitatory amino acid toxicity in cerebral ischemia.METHODS (1)Microdialysis technique and HPLC-MS/MS was performed to study the pharmacodynamics of BC/GP against cerebral ischemia. ①18 SD rats with body weight of(280±20)g were randomly divided into control group,treatment groups with BC/CP at low dose,medium dose and high dose(equal to the dosage of crude drugs for 30 mg·kg-1, 45 mg·kg-1and 60 mg·kg-1respectively).Rats in each group were given intragastric administration for seven days to establish cerebral ischemia model. Then, microdialysis probe was applied to collect cerebrospinal fluid from hippocampus before and after cerebral ischemia. ② First, we established the HPLC-MS/MS method for measuring drugs and excitatory amino acids.Then we detected the microdi-alysis samples and observed their changes in animals.(2)The mechanism of BC/GP against excitatory toxicity of cerebral ischemia were observed at gene level by chip technique. ① 16 SD rats with body weight of 240±20 g were randomly divided into sham group, model group, treatment group of BC(60 mg·kg-1),treatment group of GP(60 mg·kg-1)and treatment group of BC/GP(7:3)(60 mg·kg-1).Rats in eachgroup were given intragastric administration for seven days to establish cerebral ischemia model. Then the rats were sacrificed,and the hippocampus were rapidly harvested and stored at-80℃for further detection. ②After the quality inspection of the hippocampal,the qualified samples were subjected to detect the levels of neurotransmitter receptor gene in the ischemic of rats by gene chip technology.Finally,the results were analyzed by the method of Δ ΔCt.RESULTS (1)Only three compounds includ-ed GP,glutamic acid and aspartic acid were detected in microdialysis samples by HPLC-MS/MS.The concentration of GP increased and lasted for 120 min with a significant dose-dependent after cerebral ischemia.Compared with low dose group,the AUC(0-t),MRT(0-∞),Cmaxand t1/2zin high-dose group showed significant difference(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the levels of glutamic acid and aspartic acid in the treatment groups decreased significantly,especially in the middle and high dose groups.(2) 89 genes in the neurotransmitter receptor gene signaling pathway were detected by gene chip technol-ogy. There were 22 genes with |Fold Regulation|>1.5 in the model group, compared with the sham group.Five of the 22 genes showed statistically significant differences,including Grin2c(2.9026),Chrna7 (-1.5877), and Tacr2 (-1.7695). Htr3a (-1.8172) and Grm6 (-2.3527). There were 5 genes with |Fold Regulation|>1.5 in the BC group, compared with the model group, Two of them exhibited statistically significant differences,including Brs3(1.797)and Grin2c(-1.7979).There were 14 genes with|Fold Reg-ulation|>1.5 in the GP group, compared with the model group. Three of them displayed statistically significant differences,including Hcrtr2 (-1.6584), Sctr (-3.8524) and Grin2c (-4.8408). Compared with model group, the genes of |Fold Regulation|>1.5 in BC/GP (7:3) group are 5, and only one of them showed a significant differences. CONCLUSION (1)After administration of BC and GP,GP can cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce the release of excitatory amino acids in the hippocampus. (2) BC/GP can inhibit the interaction between excitatory amino acids and excitatory amino acid receptors and attenuate the toxicity of excitatory amino acids by down-regulating the expression of glutamic acid receptor Grin2c gene.(3)BC/GP may exert their brain protection effect by reducing the release of excit-atory amino acids and inhibiting the expression of excitatory amino acid receptors.