Age-related white matter changes are considered as a manifestation of arteriolosclerotic small vessel disease and are associated with advanced age and vascular risk factors.White matter changes have been recognized as one of the manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease.They are the pathological basis of cognitive impairment and functional loss in the elderly.Studies have shown that when white matter changes develop to a certain extent,there will be many clinical symptoms,including cognitive impairment,dementia,depression,gait disturbances,and urinary incontinence,and they are associated with the increased risks of stroke and death.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of silent information regulation 2 homolog 3 ( SIRT3 ) against hypoxia via preconditioning.Methods PG12 cells were randomly divided into control,hypoxic preconditioning ( Hyp),Hyp with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and OGD.MTT assay and DAPI staining were used to evaluate cellular viability.MitoSOX Red was used to measure the production of mitochondrial superoxide.The protein expression of SIRT3,PGC-1α and MnSOD were assessed by Western blot.Recombinant SIRT3 was also given to further investigate its roles in hypoxic preconditioning.Results The preconditioned PC12 cells had a higher survival rate.When expressed as a percentage of the control group,MTT values following 6 h OGD were around 51.0% in the OGD group but around 74.7% in the Hyp + OGD group ( F = 56,P ＜ 0.01).Mitochondrial ROS after Hyp was less than the OGD group.Both Hyp + OGD and OGD increased the expression of SIRT3,PGC-1α and MnSOD proteins,and these increases were greater after Hyp + OGD.Similarly,the application of recombinant SIRT3 to OGD also further increased the expression of these proteins.Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning can protect PC12 cells against hypoxic injury.One possible mechanism of hypoxic preconditioning is via SIRT3 to upregulate PGC-la and,in turn,MnSOD to reduce generation of ROS.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen on the proliferation and metastasis of Lewis lung cancer, and study its anti-tumor mechanism.

METHODIn vitro, MTT assay and scratch assay were adopted to detect the effect of alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen on the proliferation and metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells. The cell autophagy was detected by the acridine orange staining. The gap-junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was investigated by the fluorescent yellow transfer. The expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) was analyzed by the Western blotting. In vivo, the subcutaneous implant model and the experimental pulmonary metastasis model of Lewis lung cancer in mice were established to evaluate the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of alcohol extract from Pharbitidis Semen. The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG) of mice bearing Lewis lung cancer were detected by the electrochemiluminesence immunoassay. The expressions of lung AQP1 and Connexin 43 (Cx43) were examined by the immunohistochemical method.

RESULTIn vitro, alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen inhibited the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent matter, significantly prevented the cell migration, down-regulated AQP1 proteins of cells, promoted GJIC, and decreased the serum-free autophagy of tumor cells. In vivo, compared with untreated model mice, alcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen inhibited the tumor growth in a dose-dependent matter, prevented the tumor metastasis and prolonged the life span of mice bearing Lewis lung cancer, while decreasing serum CEA and beta2-MG of mice bearing Lewis lung cancer, enhancing the immumohistochemical staining intensity of Cx43 and weakening aquaporins AQP1 positive intensity.

CONCLUSIONAlcohol extracts from Pharbitidis Semen could prevent the proliferation and metastasis in Lewis lung cancer cells. Its mechanism may be related to the promotion of GJIC and the down-regulation of AQP1.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Aquaporin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Connexin 43 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Ipomoea ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Seeds ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the comprehensive medical goal appraisal system on hand hygiene compliance rate of health care workers(HCWs).Methods Comprehensive medical goal appraisal system was adopted to inter-vene hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs in a comprehensive hospital ,hand hygiene compliance rates of HCWs and consumption of instant hand sanitizer per bed-day before (December 2012)and after intervention (January 2013-June 2014)were compared.Results Hand hygiene compliance rate after intervention was higher than before interven-tion (85.17% [18 208/21 379]vs 39.92%[853/2 137]),hand hygiene compliance rate enhanced by 113.35%(χ2 =2 590. 81,P <0.001).Hand hygiene compliance rates of HCWs of different departments,different occupations and different hand hygiene moments were all higher than before intervention (all P <0.001);after intervention ,hand hygiene compliance rate revealed a increased tendency,and has maintained high since October 2013 (>90%),consumption of instant hand sanitizer before and after intervention was 7.24 mL/bed-day(4 200 L/579 841 bed-day)and 10.54 mL/bed-day(9 323.5L/884 489 bed-day)respectively,the consumption after intervention increased by 45.58% compared with that before intervention. Conclusion Comprehensive medical goal appraisal can effectively enhance hand hygiene compliance rate ,and maintains at a high level;the measure can affect hand hygiene behavior of HCWs by hawthorne effect,and is an effective and long-term measure to improve hand hygiene compliance of HCWs.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the work-related musculoskeletal disorders among automobile assembly workers, to discusses the related risk factors and their relationship.

METHODThe selected 1508 automobile assembly workers from a north car manufacturing company were regarded as the study object. The hazard zone jobs checklist, Nordic musculoskeletal symptom questionnaire (NMQ) and pain questionnaire were used to perform the epidemiological cross-sectional and retrospective survey and study for the General status, awkward ergonomics factors and related influencing factors, and musculoskeletal disorders of workers.

RESULTSThe predominant body sites of occurring WMSDs among automobile assembly workers were mainly low back, wrist, neck and shoulders, the predominant workshop section of occurring WMSDs were mostly concentrated in engine compartment, interior ornament, door cover, chassis and debugging section. The predominant body site of WMSDs among engine compartment and chassis section workers was low back, interior ornament workers were low back and wrist, door cover workers was wrist, chassis workers was low back, debugging workers were neck and low back. Neck musculoskeletal disorders had the trend with the increase of a body height; Smoking may increase the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.

CONCLUSIONThe WMSDs appears to be a serious ergonomic proble assem among automobile assembly workers, predominant occurring site of WMSDs is with different workshop section, its characteristics is quite obvious, probably related to its existing awkward work position or activities. The worker height and smoking habits may be important factors which affect musculoskeletal disorders happen.

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders ; epidemiology ; Ergonomics ; Humans ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo study the changes of sexual gland 5 alpha-reductase type II activity in pubertal and adult rats with diabetes.

METHODSWe selected 40 and 90 days old male Wistar rats as pubertal and adult animal model respectively, 30 rats in each group. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (C), diabetic group (D) and diabetes with insulin replacement group (ID). The activity of 5 alpha-reductase type II was measured with thin layer chromatography in the epididymis, prostate and testis.

RESULTS1. In all sexual glands of pubertal rats, the activity of 5 alpha-reductase type II in D group is significantly lower than that in C and ID groups. 2. In all sexual glands of adult rats. there is no difference in the activity of 5 alpha-reductase type II among these groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe activity of 5 alpha-reductase type II is likely to be influenced by metabolic environment, hormonal levels and local specific factors in pubertal rats, but it is relatively stable in adult rats.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; enzymology ; Epididymis ; enzymology ; Male ; Prostate ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Testis ; enzymology

With the kernel of efficacy, "Xiaohe Silian" was a pattern and method for new drug discovery which was constituted with "metabolism-efficacy, toxicity-efficacy, quality-efficacy and structure-efficacy". Its connotation was in keeping with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical pharmacy. This paper systematically summarized the research method of new drug discovery practice process for TCM. To avoid western drug like in TCM new drug discovery, we carried out combination analysis with TCM clinical pharmacy. The correlation analysis between basic elements of "Xiaohe Silian(n) and TCM clinical pharmacy was studied to guarantee this method could integrate closely with TCM clinic from all angles. Hence, this method aimed to provide a new method for TCM new drug discovery on the basis of TCM clinical pharmacy with insisting on holistic view of multicomponent study, kinetic view of metabolic process when the curative effect occurred and molecular material view of quality control and structure-activity exposition.
Drug Discovery ; methods ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

BACKGROUNDThe bacterial composition of periapical lesions in deciduous teeth has not been well documented. This study was designed to explore the bacterial compositions, especially the dominant bacteria in periapical lesions using 16S rRNA sequencing.

METHODSTissue samples were collected from 11 periapical lesions in deciduous teeth with primary endodontic infections. DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed using 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing for the identification of bacteria.

RESULTSAll DNA samples were positive for 16S rRNA gene PCR. One hundred and fifty-one phylotypes from 810 clones were identified to eight phyla, and each sample contained an average of 25.9 phylotypes. In addition, 59 phylotypes were detected in more than two samples, and Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum (8/11), Dialister (D.) invisus (8/11), Campylobacter (C.) gracilis (7/11), Escherichia (E.) coli DH1 (6/11), Aggregatibacter (A.) segnis (6/11), and Streptococcus (S.) mitis (6/11) were the most prevalent species. Furthermore, 45 as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes were also identified.

CONCLUSIONSChronic periapical lesions in deciduous teeth contained polymicrobial infections. F. nucleatum, D. invisus, C. gracilis, E. coli DH1, A. segnis, and S. mitis were the most prevalent species detected by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Bacteria ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Periapical Tissue ; microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Tooth, Deciduous ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo discuss the early diagnosis and the treatment of chordoma in the jugular foramen area.

METHODSThree cases of chordoma in the jugular foramen area were diagnosis and reviewed retrospectively. The initial symptom was facial paralysis. Surgical removal was performed through the infratemporal fossa approach in 1 case, through petro-occipital approach in 2 cases. For repairing facial nerve defect, great auricular nerve was used in 1 case and facial-hypoglossal anastomosis was used in another 2 cases.

RESULTSThe tumor were totally removed in all 3 cases. The patients were follow-up for 6 months to 1 year and no recurrence was found. The function of facial nerve was II grade (House-Brackmann) in one patient and IV grade in another 2 patients. No complications occurred in 3 cases.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough chordoma originating from the jugular foramen area were extremely rare, it was possible to make early diagnosis through finding clinical feature and imaging methods. The final diagnosis depended on pathology. Generally, the different surgical approaches were used according to the size and position of the tumor. The classic infratemporal fossa approach for tumor removal and facial nerve reconstruction should be considered in the patients with chordoma around jugular foramen.

Adult ; Chordoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Glomus Jugulare ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otologic Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Naoxintong Capsule (NC) on the vascular endothelial function and the infarct size of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSOne hundred and four patients with AMI were randomly assigned to the NC group (Group A, 36 cases), the Tongguan Capsule group (Group B, 32 cases), and the conventional Western medicine group (Group C, 36 cases). The conventional Western medicine was given to the three groups. NC was additionally given to Group A, and Tongguan Capsule was additionally given to Group B. The therapeutic course for all was 4 weeks. The plasma nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET), von Willebrand factor (vWF) were detected in the 3 groups before and after treatment. The inner diameter of brachial artery was examined by ultrasonograph. The flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) were calculated. The ECG QRS integral and the infarct size were assessed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the vascular endothelial function, ECG QRS integral, or the infarct size among the three groups before treatment (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, NO and NMD obviously increased after treatment in Group A and Group B, while the vWF and the infarct size obviously decreased in Group A, all showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with those in Group C, the NO, FMD, NMD significantly increased and ET obviously decreased in Group A and B after treatment (P < 0.05). The ECG QRS integral and the infarct size also decreased, with statistically significant differences in Group A (P < 0.05). Better effects on improving NO, NMD, and vWF were obtained in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNC could reduce the infarct size of AMI patients possibly through improving the vascular endothelial function.

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endothelins ; blood ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Young Adult ; von Willebrand Factor ; analysis