In this study, the buffering capacity of amphiphilic pH-sensitivity copolymer poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-cholesteryl methyl carbonate (PEOZ-CHMC) was evaluated. The ammonium sulfate gradient method was used to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX x HCl)-loaded liposomes (DOX-L), and then the post-insertion method was used to prepare PEOZ-CHMC and polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) modified DOX x HCl-loaded liposomes (PEOZ-DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L). The physico-chemical properties, in vitro drugs release behavior, cellular toxicity and intracellular delivery of liposomes were evaluated, separately. The results showed that PEOZ-CHMC has a satisfactory buffering capacity. The sephadex G-50 column centrifugation method and dynamic light scattering were used to determine the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and particle size of liposomes. The EE and particle size of DOX-L were (97.3 ± 1.4) % and 120 nm, respectively, and the addition of PEOZ-CHMC or PEG-DSPE had no influence on EE and particle size. The zeta potentials of three kinds of liposomes were negative. The release behavior of various DOX liposomes in vitro was investigated by dialysis method. In phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.4, DOX x HCl was released from PEOZ-DOX-L in a sustained manner. While in PBS at pH 5.0, the release rate of DOX x HCl from PEOZ-DOX-L increased significantly, which suggested DOX x HCl was released from PEOZ-DOX-L in a pH-dependent manner. The intracellular delivery of liposomes was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The CLSM images indicated that PEOZ-DOX-L showed efficient intracellular trafficking including endosomal escape and release DOX x HCl into nucleus, as well as the DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L had no this effect. The cytotoxicity of liposomes against MCF-7 cells was detected by using MTT assay. The results showed that antiproliferative effects of PEOZ-DOX-L enhanced with pH value decreased, whereas DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L did not have any significant difference in inhibitions at different pH conditions. Therefore, the problems of the inhibition of cellular uptake of liposomes and the failed endosomal escape of pH-sensitive liposomes by PEG chain can be overcome by the pH-sensitive liposomes constructed by PEOZ-CHMC.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the management of antibiotics in the hospitals. METHODS:Each 3 hospitals from county second grade class A general hospitals,municipal third grade class A general hospitals and provincial third grade hospitals(including 2 third grade class A general hospitals and one third grade special hospital)in Anhui province were select-ed and respectively included into group A,B,and C. By on-site survey mode,questionnaires were used to investigate and score the situation of antibiotics management in hospitals of 3 groups,and then analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Scoring rate (SR) of overall situation on antibiotics management were 65.33%,89.34% and 86.67% in group A,B and C respectively;group A was statistically significantly lower than group B and C (P<0.001). SR of basic situation indicator on antibiotics management were 90.46%,95.25% and 95.25% in group A,B and C,respectively and there was no statistically significant difference among 3 groups (P>0.05). SR of development indicator of antibiotics management were 58.33%,88.90% and 86.10%,respectively in group A,B and C;group A was significantly lower than group B and C (P<0.001). SR of information construction indicator of antibiotics management were 50.00%,83.33% and 77.79% respectively in group A,B and C;group A was significantly lower than group B and C (P≤0.001). SR of information construction indicator of antibiotics management in 3 groups were all signifi-cantly lower than SR of basic situation indicator(P<0.05). SR of development indicator of antibiotics management in group A and C were all significantly lower than SR of basic situation indicator(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The antibiotics management of mu-nicipal third grade class A general hospital is equal to that of provincial third grade hospital,and that of county second grade class A general hospital is in relatively low level. Different levels of hospitals should further strengthen the related antibiotics manage-ment work and information construction,especially for county second grade class A general hospitals.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and action mechanism of moxibustion on healing of cutaneous wound in rats.

METHODSTwenty-four SD rats were selected and made into linear full-thickness skin injury model. With randomized digital table, rats were randomly divided into a treatment group and a model group, 12 cases in each one. Then according to treatment time, each group was again divided into a 1d group, a 3d group and a 7d group, 4 cases in each one. The moxibustion at injured skin was applied in the treatment group, 30 min per time, once a day. Hematoxylineosin (HE) staining method was adapted to measure growth status of capillary and number of vascular endothelial cell; immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

RESULTSThe wound healing indices in the treatment 7d group were higher than those in the model 7d group on both the 4th day and 8th day after treatment (both P < 0.05). The number of capillary in the treatment 1d group and 3d group was higher than that in the model 1 d and 3 d groups (both 1 < 0.05). The number of capillary in the treatment 7d group was lower than that in the model 7d group (P < 0.05). The number of vascular endothelial cell in the treatment 3d group was higher than that in the model 3d group (P < 0.05). The number of vascular endothelial cell in the treatment 7d group was lower than that in the model 7d group (P < 0.05). The difference of number of vascular endothelial cell between the treatment 1d group and model 1d group was not significant (P > 0.05). Positive cells accumulated score of V EGF expression in the treatment 3d group was higher than that in the model 3d group (P < 0.05). Positive cells accumulated score of VEGF expression in the treatment 7d group was lower than that in the model 7d group (P < 0.05). The difference of positive cells accumulated score of VEGF expression between the treatment 1d group and model 1d group was not significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion could improve the healing of skin wound in rats, which could be related with regulating vascular endothelial cell and VEGF in wound tissue at different time.

Animals ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; injuries ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wounds and Injuries ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy

Abstract: Objective　To understand the general situation of death causes of permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2020, analyze the causes of death, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of policies related to healthy Hainan. Methods The Hainan Provincial Population Death Information Registration and Management System was used to report data, and the death information of permanent residents in Hainan Province from 2014 to 2020 was obtained. Excel 2010 and SPSS 26.0 software were applied to perform statistical analysis related to the indicators including crude mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, ranking of causes of death, and composition ratio; the standardized mortality rate was calculated based on the data of the 2010 National Census Data. Results　From 2014 to 2020, the average annual resident population of Hainan Province was 9 175 300, and average annual resident population at each of the eight monitoringp oints is 297 100， anaverage of 83 878 cumulative deaths were reported, the annual total mortality rate was 504.09/100 000, the standard mortality rate was 618.69/100 000. The standardized mortality rates of male and female were 806.18/100 000 and 444.36/100 000 respectively (P<0.01). The mortality rate of all age groups showed that the crude mortality rate of 0~<1 years old group showed a decreasing trend with the passage of time, and the crude mortality rate was significantly higher than that of other age groups. From the age of 20, with the increase of age, the overall crude mortality rate of residents keeps increasing. The crude death rate increases rapidly after the age of 65, and peaks especially after the age of 85. The leading causes of death were circulatory diseases, tumors and respiratory diseases. From 2014 to 2020, the mortality rate of circulatory diseases and tumors, the two main causes of death, was more than 100/100 000. Conclusion　Chronic non-communicable diseases are still the first cause of death among permanent residents in Hainan Province. Targeted intervention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases is beneficial to reduce their mortality.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in China, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with H7N9 virus. Methods: The published incidence data of human infection with H7N9 virus in China from March 2013 to April 2017 were collected. Excel 2007 software was used to perform the analysis. The characteristics of distribution of the disease, exposure history, cluster of the disease were described. Results: By the end of April 2017, a total of 1 416 cases of human infection with H7N9 virus were confirmed in China, including 559 deaths, the case fatality rate was 39.5%. In 2016, the case number was lowest (127 cases), with the highest fatality rate (57.5%). The first three provinces with high case numbers were Zhejiang, Guangdong and Jiangsu. The median age of the cases was 55 years and the male to female ratio was 2.3∶1. Up to 66% of cases had clear live poultry exposure history before illness onset, 31% of cases had unknown exposure history and only 3% of the cases had no live poultry exposure history. There were 35 household clusters (5 in 2013, 9 in 2014, 6 in 2015, 5 in 2016, 10 in 2017), which involved 72 cases, accounting for 5% of the total cases. Conclusions: The epidemic of human infection with H7N9 virus in China during 2013-2017 had obvious seasonality and spatial distribution. There was limited family clustering. Infection cases were mostly related to poultry contact.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; China/epidemiology* ; Cluster Analysis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemics ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/isolation & purification* ; Influenza, Human/virology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poultry ; Sex Distribution

In this study, the buffering capacity of amphiphilic pH-sensitivity copolymer poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-cholesteryl methyl carbonate (PEOZ-CHMC) was evaluated. The ammonium sulfate gradient method was used to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX x HCl)-loaded liposomes (DOX-L), and then the post-insertion method was used to prepare PEOZ-CHMC and polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) modified DOX x HCl-loaded liposomes (PEOZ-DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L). The physico-chemical properties, in vitro drugs release behavior, cellular toxicity and intracellular delivery of liposomes were evaluated, separately. The results showed that PEOZ-CHMC has a satisfactory buffering capacity. The sephadex G-50 column centrifugation method and dynamic light scattering were used to determine the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and particle size of liposomes. The EE and particle size of DOX-L were (97.3 ± 1.4) % and 120 nm, respectively, and the addition of PEOZ-CHMC or PEG-DSPE had no influence on EE and particle size. The zeta potentials of three kinds of liposomes were negative. The release behavior of various DOX liposomes in vitro was investigated by dialysis method. In phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.4, DOX x HCl was released from PEOZ-DOX-L in a sustained manner. While in PBS at pH 5.0, the release rate of DOX x HCl from PEOZ-DOX-L increased significantly, which suggested DOX x HCl was released from PEOZ-DOX-L in a pH-dependent manner. The intracellular delivery of liposomes was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The CLSM images indicated that PEOZ-DOX-L showed efficient intracellular trafficking including endosomal escape and release DOX x HCl into nucleus, as well as the DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L had no this effect. The cytotoxicity of liposomes against MCF-7 cells was detected by using MTT assay. The results showed that antiproliferative effects of PEOZ-DOX-L enhanced with pH value decreased, whereas DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L did not have any significant difference in inhibitions at different pH conditions. Therefore, the problems of the inhibition of cellular uptake of liposomes and the failed endosomal escape of pH-sensitive liposomes by PEG chain can be overcome by the pH-sensitive liposomes constructed by PEOZ-CHMC.
Cell Nucleus ; Doxorubicin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Endosomes ; Formates ; chemistry ; Humans ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; MCF-7 Cells ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Polyamines ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

AIM:To investigate the effect of Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule(FTZ)on serum lipids and in-flammatory factors in rabbits with abdorminal aortic restenosis after balloon angioplasty.METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits(n=30)were divided into 5 groups.Except blank control group,the rabbits in other groups were used to establish abdominal aortic endothelium exfoliative vascular stenosis model.After 4 weeks of high-fat diet feeding,the animals in rest-enosis model group and drug treatment groups underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation in the stenosis.The angiographic stenosis was analyzed by a two-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography workstation with a digital subtraction X -ray machine.Blood samples were taken during angiography and the profiles of serum lipids and cytokines were measured.The expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in the blood vessels was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:An-giography confirmed that the rates of area stenosis and diameter stenosis were significantly decreased in treatment groups compared with restenosis model group(P<0.01).Compared with restenosis model group,the serum lipid profiles and cy-tokine concentrations in drug treatment groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of NF-κB in restenosis model group was significantly higher than that in blank control group and drug treatment groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: FTZ significantly reduces the blood lipids and inflammatory factors in abdominal aortic restenosis model,and the anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the regulation of NF-κB pathway to inhibit the production of various inflammatory factors.

Objective To analyze the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function parameters of patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and DDD pacemaker implantation during atrioventricular conduction (AVC) and right ventricular apex pacing(RVAP)mode.Methods Forty-six consecutive patients with SSS who had undergone DDD pacemaker implantation were studied.Fifty volunteers were selected as control group.Changing from AVC to RVAP mode,the acute effect on echocardiographic left ventricular diastolic function parameters,including mitral inflow PW parameters,mitral annulus tissue Doppler imaging parameters,left atrial volume index,and LV∕apical∕basal untwist parameters were measured.And all subjects were classified into normal diastolic function or three degrees of LV diastolic dysfunction.Results Compared with control group,both AVC and RVAP mode of patients with DDD pacemaker implantation resulted in the worsening of LV diastolic function as shown by(1) prolonged deceleration time of E wave, decreased descending slope of E wave,as well as decreased early diastolic velocity at the septal mitral annulus,(2) the decrease of LV∕basal∕apical untwist velocity,(3) the increase in the degree of diastolic dysfunction.Conclusions In patients with DDD pacemaker implantation,both AVC and RVAP mode are associated with the deterioration of LV diastolic function,which is particularly obvious in RVAP mode.

Objective To compare the left ventricular function parameters of patients with sick sinus syndrome ( SSS ) and DDD pacemaker implantation during atrioventricular conduction ( AVC ) and right ventricular apex pacing ( RVAP ) mode . Methods Forty‐six consecutive patients with SSS who had undergone DDD pacemaker implantation were studied . Fifty volunteers were included as control group . Changing from AVC to RVAP mode ,the acute effect on echocardiographic parameters ,including LVEF , parameters of aortic/pulmonary artery pulse wave Doppler ,and parameters of left ventricular twist by speckle tracking imaging were measured respectively . Pacemaker implantation duration and cumulative ventricular pacing proportion ( Cum% VP) were recorded . The relationships of pacemaker parameter and above left ventricular function parameters were analyzed . Results Compared with control group ,values of peak rotation in LV apex and LV twist were significantly lower during AVC and RVAP mode . The value of peak rotation in LV base showed no significant difference between three groups .Apical‐basal rotation delay during RVAP was significantly longer than those during AVC and in control group respectively ( P <0 .05) . LVEF during RVAP decreased statistically ( P< 0 .05 ) ,but showed no difference during AVC , compared with the control group . The peak LV twist related positively with LVEF ,and negatively with Cum% VP . Conclusions RVA pacing decreases left ventricular function , which is independent of asynchrony contraction patterns caused by pacing . LVEF ,apical rotation and LV twist are more sensitive to demonstrate the LV dysfunction in patients with pacemaker implantation . LV twist related negatively with Cum% VP .

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) treatments on mycoplasmal pneumonia in children and the changes in the serum cytokines.

METHODSNinety children with mycoplasmal pneumonia were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group. TCM was given orally and azithromycin at the daily dose of 10 mg/kg was administered intravenously in the treatment group. In the control group, only intravenous azithromycin was given. After a 7-day treatment, the response rate, time of symptom disappearance, and serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were observed.

RESULTSThe total response rate was 93.33% in the treatment group and 73.33% in the control group, showing a significantly better therapeutic effect in the treatment group (P<0.05). The combined treatments also showed better effects in alleviating fever, coughing and rales (P<0.05), and resulted in more obvious reduction in the serum levels of cytokines (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCombined treatment with TCM and WM produce good therapeutic effects in children with mycoplasmal pneumonia.

Azithromycin ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines ; blood ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; blood ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome