A metabolic profiling analysis method for metabolomic studies of rice leaf was established based on HSS T3 combined with XBridge Amide Q-TOF LC/MS by comparing the influences of different extraction methods in rice leaves of metabolites. The extraction and separation of rice leaf metabolites using three different methods including methanol-chloroform-water,methanol-chloroform-ammonia,methanol-methyl tert-butyl ether -water and different chromatographic systems were compared by the numbers of peaks, identified metabolites and the metabolic pathways. The results showed that the method of methanol-chloroform-water reached the highest coverage rate of metabolites in rice leaves,and the maximum number of unique metabolites including prephenic acid, luteolin, α-linolenic acid, aconitic acid, gibberellin A12 aldehyde, isovitexin, L-Glutamate were detected. Metabolites with different polarity in rice leaf could be detected by HSS T3 and XBridge Amide. A total of 16 kinds of organic acids, 17 kinds of nucleotides, 21 kinds of amino acids, 66 kinds of fatty acids,11 kinds of phospholipids and 7 kinds of sphingolipids were identified. XBridge Amide had an absolute advantage in detecting phospholipids and sphingolipids. The metabolic pathways involved purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, arginine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and vitamin B2 synthesis. It showed certain complementarity between the two columns in identifying metabolites and involved the metabolic pathways. The established method is expected to be useful for the metabolomic studies of rice.

Objective To explore the effects of oral care on improving cough reflex sensitivity and prolonging time span of recurrent pneumonia. Methods Oral care was conducted among 19 pateints with recurrent pneumonia. Using capsaicin-induced cough reflex method, cough reflex thresholds were measured in 19 patients with recurrent pneumonia before the study began, at the 20th day and the twelfth month after the study began. The recorrent time spans were recorded before and after the oral care at the same time. Results Cough reflex threshold was (1.54±0.06) mmol at the 20th day after the oral care began, which was significantly lower than (2.13±0.05) mmol before the the oral care began (P<0.05); There was no significant difference between the cough reflex thresholds at the 20th day and the twelfth month (1.61±0.08) mmol (P>0.05). Pneumonia recurrent time span (210±54)days was significandy longer after performing the oral care than that (143±71)days of before performing the oral care (P<0.05). Conclusions Oral care may improve the cough reflex sensitivity among pateints with recurrent pneumonia. It can prolong the time span of recurrent pneumonia.

Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; pathology ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography method was developed for the analysis of rice leaves proteomics based on the coupling of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-reversed-phase liquid chromatography with online tandem mass spectrometry. The influence of pH value of chromatographic mobile phase on the orthogonality of the hydrophilic interaction-reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography was evaluated by the changes of standard peptide retention. The results indicated that the better orthogonality (R2=0.34113) was achieved from the system with hydrophilic interaction columns(pH 9.3) in the first and C18columns(pH 3.3) in the second LC dimension. Coupled with multiple fraction concatenation strategy,the orthogonality of two-dimensional liquid chromatography was further evaluated in the analysis of complex rice leaf proteins. The results showed that more than 50% of the total peptides were identified less than two times, and the peptides obtained from first-dimension were well distributed across the elution window,indicating that the method showed significant orthogonality in the identification of complex rice leaf proteins. Based on the proteome discoverer software,207345 peptides belonged to 2930 protein clusters were identified.

In order to reveal the cause of disease occurred in the process of Coptis chinensis growth, this paper studied the bacterial species diversity index of different aged rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil planting normal or sick C. chinensis by using PCR-DGGE technique. The representative DGGE bands were chosen to be cloned, and sequenced, the phylogeny were constructed. The results showed that the bacterial communities were very different between the normal and diseased soil samples of C. chinensis, and the diversity index (H) of diseased soil samples were higher than that of normal soil samples. Sequencing analysis of representative cloned DGGE bands showed that the unculturable bacteria were the dominant groups, and bacteria belonged to genus Bacillus, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, uncultured Kluyvera, and uncultured Comamonas were also existing, but the reported plant pathogenic bacteria were not found in the C. chinensis planting soil. The density and brightness of clone band d in diseased soil samples was higher than that in normal soil sample, and sequencing analysis showed that it belonged to genus Acidovorax. Obviously, during the process of C. chinensis growth, the rhizospheric bacteria population changed, and the quantity of bacteria belong Acidovorax increased, which probably resulted in the disease occurred during C. chinensis growth.
Bacteria ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Coptis ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhizosphere ; Soil Microbiology

AIM: To analyze the effect of calcium dobesilate combined with hypoglycemics for patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract, and the influence on microcirculation of eye fundus, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level. METHODS: Totally 98 DR patients with cataract (126 eyes) from January 2013 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected as the research objects, and were divided into two groups randomly(treatment group:64 eyes in 49 patients, control group: 62 eyes in 49 patients). The control group was treated with acarbose tablet and metformin, while treatment group was treated with calcium dobesilate additionally. The clinical effect, the glycemic control effect, serum HIF-1α and VEGF level, eye function and fundus microcirculation of two groups after 12mo were compared. RESULTS: After 12mo, the total effective rates of two groups were 87.5%,61.3% respectively, which indicated significantly difference (P<0.05); the vision of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Two groups' blood glucose level decreased significantly, and no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). After 1-month treatment, the plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte deformability index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hematocrit in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The PSV and EDV of the posterior ciliary artery and central artery in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05), and RI was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After 12-month treatment, the HIF-1α level of two groups were 35 90士11.36mmol/L, 46.75士12.08mmol/L respectively;the VEGF of two groups level were 89.72士13.61mmol/L, 110.30士16.74mmol/L, respectively, the treatment group's HIF- 1α level and VEGF were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), and both decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Calcium dobesilate combined with hypoglycemics can effectively increase the clinical effect in the treatment of retinopathy diabetic cataract, effectively control blood glucose, improve microcirculation of eye fundus, decrease HIF - 1α, VEGF level, inhibit angiogenesis.

Objective To understand the status and influential factors of those neglect of left-behind children in rural area,and to provide bases for the development of intervention measures.Methods 2917 students were selected as the study subjects from Changfeng county of Anhui province with cluster sampling method and were evaluated by a Parents-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and questionnaire on influential factors.Results 1694 left-behind children,accounted for 58.1％ of the total students,were surveyed in this investigation.The prevalence rates of neglect,among total children,left-behind children,non-left-behind children were 67.4％,70.2％,63.5％,respectively.The prevalence of neglect among left-behind children was higher than that among non-left-behind children (x2=14.322,P＜0.000).There were no significant associations with the neglect rate of left-behind children regarding gender or age differences.Result from multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the neglect among the left-behind children were associated with family dysfunction(OR values of moderate and serious family dysfunctions compared to good family function were 1.628 and 2.341,respectively)and the rate of keeping in touch with parents(OR values of sometimes and seldom keeping in touch compared to regular in touch were 1.299 and 1.844,respectively).The starting age of being left-behind(OR values of starting age that being left-behind from 6 to 10 and ≤5 years relative to starting age of left-behind ≥11 years were 0.703 and 0.630,respectively)appeared to be the protection factor to the neglect of those left-behind children.Conclusion Our findings indicated that the status of neglect among the left-behind children was serious.Prevention programs on the issue should target on a number of factors,including the characteristics of the chldren them-selves,as well as on the family of the children.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of phloroglucinol in patients during coloscopy.Methods A total of 164 patients who were prepared for coloscopy were randomized divided into experiment group ( n =88 ) and control group ( n =76 ) . All of the patients in the two groups were given food easy to digest 3 days before coloscopy and given polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder orally 12 and 6 hours before coloscopy.The carbom dioxide was used as the expansion of the gas, and patients in the experiment group were given phloro-glucinol 40 mg by intramuscular injection 10 minutes before the colosco-py, and those in the control group were given 0.9%NaCl 2 mL by intra-muscular injection.The data of visual analogue score( VAS) , rate of co-loscopy examination reached to the cecum, blood pressure and heart rate before and after the examination between the two groups were recorded. Results The VAS score were ( 4.1 ±1.4 ) and ( 6.3 ±1.5 ) points in the experiment and control group respectively, with experiment group significantly lower than the control group ( P<0.05 ) .The reach cecum rate was 90.9%in experiment group and 89.5%in control group, which indicated no statistical difference between the two groups ( P>0.05 ) .The blood pressure and heart rate of the two groups were not statistically different in the procedure of coloscopy (P>0.05).Conclusion Phloroglucinol can significantly decrease the VAS in the procedure of coloscopy, without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

BACKGROUNDDifferent diagnostic and grading systems of conjunctivochalasis have resulted in apparent disparity between the prevalence rates of recent population-based studies. This study aimed to investigate the disparity between 4-level system cited from Meller and Tseng in 1998 (abbreviated here as Meller's system) and 5-level system modified from Meller's system cited from Zhang and associates (abbreviated here as Zhang's system) regarding the diagnosis and the patients' preferences for the treatment of conjunctivochalasis in the general population.

METHODSA total of 546 senile residents living in the Guiyangyuan community of Shanghai, China, participated in the study. The diagnostic criteria for conjunctivochalasis were based on two diagnostic grading systems: Meller's system and Zhang's system, which was modified from Meller's system. The participants' preference regarding medical treatment for conjunctivochalasis was determined according to the response to a question. One year later, a follow-up interview determines whether the patient had undergone surgery for conjunctivochalasis.

RESULTSWith Meller's system, 398 participants were confirmed as having conjunctivochalasis, and the prevalence rate was 72.89%. According to Zhang's system, only 213 participants were diagnosed as having conjunctivochalasis, and the prevalence rate was 39.01%. A total of 109 eyes underwent medical treatment or surgery for conjunctivochalasis in the following year, including eight eyes that were diagnosed as grade II and 101 eyes that were diagnosed as grade III according to Meller's system and five eyes that were diagnosed as grade I, 55 eyes that were diagnosed as grade II, 31 eyes that were diagnosed as grade III, and 18 eyes that were diagnosed as grade IV according to Zhang' system.

CONCLUSIONDiagnoses of conjunctivochalasis using Zhang's system are more consistent with patient requests and the medical treatment strategies used than diagnoses made using Meller's system.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Conjunctival Diseases ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of HIV-1 DNA and its clinical value.Methods:The relationship between HIV-1 DNA and CD4 + T cell count, CD4/CD8, HIV viral load and subtype was analyzed in 304 patients with HIV/AIDS in order to explore the factors affecting HIV-1 DNA and the value of clinical application. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in HIV-1 DNA levels between the different CD4 + T cell level groups (Z=1.194, P>0.05). HIV-1 DNA levels were higher in the CD4/CD8≤0.5 group than in the CD4/CD8>0.5 group (Z=-2.788, P<0.01). HIV-1 DNA levels were higher in the HIV viral load >100 copies/ml group than in the ≤100 copies/ml group (Z=-2.953, P<0.01). HIV-1 DNA levels were higher in those with CD4 + T cell counts ≤200 at diagnosis than in those with CD4 + T cell counts >200 at diagnosis (Z=-2.175, P<0.05). HIV-1 DNA levels were higher in patients with CD4/CD8 ≤0.2 at diagnosis than in those with CD4/CD8 between 0.2 and 0.5, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (Z=-0.893, P>0.05). HIV-1 DNA levels were higher in both groups than in the CD4/CD8≥0.5 group (Z=-2.568, Z=-1.960, P<0.05). Higher HIV-1 DNA levels were found in people with an HIV viral load >100, 000 copies/ml at diagnosis than in people with an HIV viral load ≤100, 000 copies/ml at diagnosis (Z=-3.520, P<0.001). The level of HIV-1 DNA was higher in the CRF01_AE group than in the non-CRF01_AE group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.848, P<0.01). CD4/CD8 seemed to be a protective factor for HIV-1 DNA>500 copies/ml. (OR=0.214(95%CI: 0.056~0.822, P<0.05) Conclusion:CD4 + T lymphocyte count, CD4/CD8, viral load and subtype are factors that influence HIV-1 DNA levels, while HIV-1 DNA may be informative for immune status assessment and disease progression determination.