Objective To study the applications and outcomes of using autogeneic cartilage in hearing recon-struction surgery in patients with chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma .Methods A total of 165 patients (173 ears) in whom autogeneic cartilage was used were analyzed retrospectively .Forty -three patients (48 ears) had simple tympanic membrane perforations ,61 patients (61 ears) had cholesteatomas including 12 retraction pockets ,23 pa-tients (23 ears) had tympanoscleroses and 38 patients (41 ears) had otitis media with granulations .The cartilage grafts were used for tympanic perforation reparing in 133 patients (139 ears) ,for ossiculoplasty in 102 patients (104 ears) ,for attic reconstruction in 31 patients (31 ears) and for canal wall reconstruction of external auditory canal in 3 patients (3 ears) .The auditory outcome (0 .5 ,1 ,2 ,and 4 kHz pure tone average hearing threshold ,the average air-bone gap) and local architecture status were followed up for 1 year after surgery .Results In 133 patients (139 ears) with tympanic perforation ,the rate of successful repair of a tympanic membrame perforation in one -stage was 97 .84% with perforation repair in 136 ears and postoperative perforation in 3 ears .In 102 patients (104 ears) of os-siculoplasty ,there was no ossicular prostheses prolapse .In 31 patients (31 ears) of attic reconstruction ,no local graft shift or collapse was found .In 3 patients (3 ears) of external auditory canal repair ,no canal wall collapse occurred . In myringoplasty group (43 patients ,48 ears) ,preoperative and postoperative air -bone gap (ABG) was 23 .8 ± 3 .1 dB and 11 .6 ± 8 .7 dB ,respectively .In cholesteatoma group (61 patients ,61 ears ) ,preoperative and postoperative ABG were 39 .2 ± 24 .7 dB and 19 .0 ± 12 .1 dB ,respectively .In tympanosclerosis group (23 patients ,23 ears) ,pre-operative and postoperative ABG were 31 .2 ± 12 .4 dB and 19 .8 ± 11 .2 dB ,respectively .In otitis media with granu-lation group (38 patients ,41 ears) ,preoperative and postoperative ABG were 41 .6 ± 9 .9 dB and 15 .3 ± 13 .4 dB ,re-spectively .Conclusion Autogeneic cartilage is very valuable in hearing reconstruction surgery ,especially in compli-cated tympanic perforation ,combination with ossiculoplasty prostheses ,or reconstruction of mastoid cavity or exter-nal call wall defect .

Objective To understand human rhinovirus (HRV) etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children in Shanghai area and establish a nested reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) assay.Methods Three hundred and forty-two naso- pharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples from ALRTI cases who were hospitalized were collected during January 2005—December 2005.Nested RT-PCR techniques were used to detect HRV-specific RNA.The PCR products were sequenced and data of nucleotides were analyzed.The proportion of HRV infection in children with ALRTI,the distribution of gender,age and season,and clinical char- acteristics were also investigated.Results Forty-six (13.5%) of 342 samples were HRV positive detected by nested RT-PCR.The sequences of 15 positive samples shared high homology of 83%- 97% with HRV sequence in GenBank.Within the 15 positive samples,nucleotide homology varied from 64.4% to 98.4%,and the ratio of genetic variation was from 1.6% to 48.3%./00.These 15 ampli- cons attribute to the two branches of HRV cladogram.The sequences of 15 amplieons were highly varied,in which single nucleotide mutation and several nearby nueleotides mutations were found. Ribonucleotide deletion and insertion in the nucleotide sequence was also found.HRV positive sam- ples were detected in 33 boys and 13 girls,respectively.The ratio of infection cases between boys and girls was 2.5:1.Of 46 HRV infected cases,27 (58.7%) were less than 12 months of age and 38 (82.6%) were less than 3 years old.HRV infected ALRTI occured all the year round and peaked from March to May.Of the patients whose NPS samples were HRV positive detected by nested RT-PCR,45 patients were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and 1 was diagnosed with asthmatic bronchitis.Fever of most patients was moderate.The peripheral blood leukocyte counts in thirty-nine (84.8%) patients were less than 10?10~9/L.Neutrophil percentages in thirty-seven (80.4%) patients were less than 0.50.C-reactive protein of thirty-six (78.3%) patients were less than 8 mg/L. All of these features were the characteristics of viral pneumonia.The complications were not common and conditions of most patients were not severe.All the children were cured.Conclusions This nes- ted RT-PCR technique is highly specific,rapid and convenient for the detection of HRV RNA in NPS of patients with ALRTI and the genome of HRV viruses is highly variable.The incidence of HRV infection predominates in children in Shanghai area.ALRTI of HRV is short of specificity and condi- tions of most patients are not severe and their prognoses are fine.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical advantage and disadvantage of anatomical landmark registration(ALR) and surface registration(SR) in computer-assisted endoscopic sinus surgery(CAESS).Method:Twenty-six patients were selected for the CAESS, the preparatory times and mean target registration errors (TRE) were recorded in order to compare the difference between them two, their convenience and their value were also analyzed.Result:CAESSs were successfully used in 26 cases without complications. The average preparation time of SR was(8.5±1.9)minutes, that of ALR was(6.5±1.7)minutes. In the SR group, the TRE of naso-labial angle was(1.43±0.26)mm, that of front end of middle turbinate was(1.92±0.47)mm, that of front end of inferior turbinate was (1.82±0.49)mm, and that of back end of inferior turbinate was (2.03±0.42)mm. Them in ALR group were (1.58±0.35)mm,(2.05±0.37)mm,(1.92±0.31)mm and (2.48±0.64)mm ,respectively.24 cases (92.2%) were not affected or were slightly affected by the navigation system. The value of navigation was affirmative in 22 cases (84.6%), and its value was mainly related to TRE.Conclusion:The accuracy of surface registration was superior to that of anatomical landmark registration, but the anatomical landmark registration was more convenient and need less preparation time. The value of navigation system is its accuracy, convenience and no disturbance to surgery. The navigation system is more valuable in the complex cases than that in the general case.

Aim To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of kaemperol in the rats with chronic cere-bral ischemia.Methods Chronic cerebral hypoperfu-sion model was produced by permanent occlusion of bi-lateral common carotid arteries (2VO)in rats.After KAE treatment,the rats underwent Morris water maze and prehensile traction test.Neuronal morphology was observed using Nissl and HE staining.The activity of SOD and the content of MDA in brain tissue were de-termined.The DJ-1 protein expression was assayed by Western blot.Results Compared with 2VO model group,KAE significantly improved learning and memo-ry and the grasping ability.In addition,KAE signifi-cantly reduced brain tissue pathological injury induced by 2VO. Furthermore, KAE significantly increased SOD activity and enhanced antioxidant protein DJ-1 ex-pression in brain tissue.Conclusions KAE could sig-nificantly attenuate the cognitive impairment,limb bal-ance dysfunction and pathological injury in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.The mechanism may be re-lated to improving the antioxidant system in vivo.

By summarizing the state of application of "syndrome differentiation through formula effect assessment", it was pointed out that several problems exist in this kind of study, mainly the irrational setting of experimental control group, over simplified pharmacodynamic indexes, and negligence of study on "correspondence between drug and disease", etc. The authors proposed accordingly the thinking methods and strategy in the study on "syndrome differentiation through formula effect assessment" should be setting control properly, taken "correspondence between disease and syndrome" as the key point, and to define clearly the criteria for evaluating the efficacy of formula as the premise.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Research Design ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of electrode impedance, THR/MCL values, and dynamic range (DR) in Combi 40+ cochlear implant after implantation. METHOD: A respective study was carried out collecting 20 consecutively implanted children's electrode impedances, THR/MCL values, and DR at seven time point during the first three years after implantation. Their variation and correlations were analyzed. RESULT: Overall, electrode impedances were lowest during the operation, and significantly rise to the highest at the first stimulation, then followed by a gradual decrease. After three months, electrode impedance of apical and medial cochlear segment were basically stable, while that of the basal segment was gradually increased. Dynamic range (DR) of apical and medial group electrode increased early after the operation and showed a stabilization from the second year, whereas that of basal group have a downward trend since the first year. However, the electric charge of each group increased significantly after three months, and then become stable after first year. Otherwise, a stronger negative rectilinear correlation was found between impedance changes with DR than with THR/MCL level. CONCLUSION The electrode impedances vary clue to different electrode position. Measuring the electrode impedance can effectively evaluate the working status of Combi C40+ cochlear implant. The dynamic range of the electrode was negatively correlated with the impedances, which made it possible to predict the width of the dynamic range by measuring the impedance 3 or 6 months after operation.
Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male

To evaluate the effects of rhG-CSF on mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of mouse bone marrow at different time point, thirty mice were randomly divided into rhG-CSF treatment group and control group. The mice were subcutaneously injected with rhG-CSF in a dose of 80 microg/kg or saline for 5 days. The bone marrow and peripheral blood were obtained at time points of 6, 12, 168 hours after final injection of rhG-CSF or saline. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were seeded at density of 1 x 10(6) MNCs onto 12-well plate for culture expansion in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, and the number of colony forming unit - fibroblast (CFU-F) was counted after 14 days. The cells were collected by trypsinization and the surface antigens CD34, CD133, CD90 and CD105 were analyzed by flow cytometry. The multi-differentiation of MSCs were done in the culture condition of induced-adipocyte and osteocyte. Peripheral blood MNCs examination was same as the bone marrow. The results indicated that the number of CFU-F of bone marrow in rhG-CSF group was more than that in control group (p < 0.01), the number of CFU-F in rhG-CSF group at 6 hours was more than that at 12 hours and 168 hours, respectively (p < 0.01). There was no obvious difference between CFU-F at 12 hours and at 168 hours (p > 0.05). MSCs were positive for CD90, CD105 and negative for CD34 and CD133. MSCs were found to differentiate into adipocyte and osteocyte in vitro. The CFU-F of PBMNCs obtained and cultured in vitro in the same culture conditions could be observed after the rhG-CSF injection at 6 hours, but cloning efficiency was (0.50 +/- 0.11) x 10(-6) MNCs and showed statistical difference as compared with control. It is concluded that rhG-CSF to mobilize hemopoietic stem cells can be used to induce mouse MSCs in vivo expansion, which showed the peak value within 6 hours after final injection of rhG-CSF. rhG-CSF have the mini-mobilization effect on murine MSCs derived from bone marrow.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Proteins

Objective To summarize the experience in laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal panereatectomy.Methods From Nov 2003 to July 2006,six patients with distal pancreatic cystic lesions underwent laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with splenic vessels preservation. Results All operations were successful with the operative time ranging from 140～265 min and the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 350～600 ml.One case received combination resection of right adrenal adenoma,1 case with combined laparoscopic myomectomy and left ovarian teratomeetamy,1 case with combined laparoscopic myomectomy,1 case with combined laparoscopic cholecysteetomy.All patients were discharged 4 to 9 days postoperatively.The pathologic diagnosis was retained cyst in 2 cases,serous cystadenoma in 2 cases,mucious cystadenoma in 2 cases.Symptoms disappeared in all cases after operations and there was no recurrence during a follow-up period that ranged from 1 month to 31 months.Conclusions Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with splenic vessels preservation is the most suitable procedure for the distal pancreatic benign lesions,and in experienced hands this procedure is safe and effective.

In this paper, based on analyzing the status quo and key problem of research on nature of Chinese materia medica, we propose the thinking of research on nature of Chinese materia medica in view of genetic relationship. Namely, according to the cue of documents arrangement and data excavation, in certern scope of genetic relationship, difinite the common pharmaco-effect of the same nature of drug, and analyze the chemical composition correlated the nature of drug, further more, reveal the related regularity of nature of Chinese materia medica-pharmaco-effect- chemical composition. Linking the nature of Chinese materia medica, pharmaco-effect and chemical composition will provide original thinking and view angle to break through the key problem of research on nature of Chinese materia medica.
Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Siraitia grosvenorii is a traditional Chinese medicine also as edible food. This study selected six candidate reference genes by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression stability of the candidate reference genes in the different samples was analyzed by using the software and methods of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT method and RefFinder, reference genes for S. grosvenorii were selected for the first time. The results showed that 18SrRNA expressed most stable in all samples, was the best reference gene in the genetic analysis. The study has a guiding role for the analysis of gene expression using qRT-PCR methods, providing a suitable reference genes to ensure the results in the study on differential expressed gene in synthesis and biological pathways, also other genes of S. grosvenorii.
Cucurbitaceae ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Reference Standards