OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application and efficacy of ¹²⁵Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation in the treatment of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy. METHODS: From July 2004 to July 2016, 43 cases of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma of the neck after external radiotherapy or surgery combined with external radiotherapy were treated. According to the conventional segmentation radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (once a day, 1.8-2.0 Gy each time, 5 days per week), the cumulative radiation dose of the patients in this group was calculated. In the study, 26 patients received 50-60 Gy, 7 patients received less than 50 Gy, 4 patients received 60-70 Gy, and 6 patients received more than 80 Gy (range: 80-120 Gy). The interval between the last external irradiation and local recurrence was 4-204 months, and the median interval was 48 months. Among them, 25 cases were treated with ¹²⁵Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation only and 18 cases were treated with ¹²⁵Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation after operation. The prescription dose was 100-140 Gy. The control rate, survival rate and disease-free survival rate were recorded to evaluate the side effects. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 27 months (ranging from 2.5 to 149.0 months). Among them, the median follow-up time of adenoid cystic carcinoma patients was 31 months (range: 2.5-112.0 months), and the median follow-up time of mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients was 18 months (range: 5-149 months). The local control rates for 1, 3 and 5 years were 66.5%, 48.8% and 42.7%, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5- year survival rates were 88.0%, 56.7% and 45.8%, respectively. The disease-free survival rates of 1, 3 and 5 years were 58.3%, 45.4% and 38.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in local control rate, survival rate, and disease-free survival between the radioactive seeds implantation group and the radioactive seeds implantation group after surgical resection. There were 2 cases of acute radiation reaction Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 3 cases of reaction Ⅲ or above. In the late stage of radiotherapy, there were 8 cases with Ⅰ/Ⅱ grade reaction and 3 cases with Ⅲ grade or above reaction. The incidence of radiation reactions of Grade Ⅲ and above was 7%. CONCLUSION ¹²⁵Ⅰ radioactive seeds implantation provides an alternative method for the treatment of recurrent salivary gland carcinoma after external radiotherapy. The local control rate and survival rate are improved on the premise of low incidence of side effects.
Brachytherapy/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy* ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Salivary Glands

Objective To assess the genes polymorphisms associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in Chinese quantitatively or qualitatively by searching all case control studies related comprehensively.Methods Odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (95％ CI) were determined for each polymorphism using fixed or random model with Revman 5.1.Results Statistically significant associations with ICH were detected with both ε4-carrier genotypes and ε2-carrier genotypes of apolipoprotein E (OR =1.59,95％ CI 1.23-2.04,P ＜ 0.01 and OR =1.92,95％ CI 1.50-2.47,P ＜0.01),methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (OR =2.08,95％ CI 1.52-2.83,P ＜ 0.01) and angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deficiency (OR =2.34,95％ CI 1.82-3.02,P ＜ 0.01),but no statistical association was detected for plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (OR =1.27,95％ C10.84-1.93,P =0.26).Furthermore,two out of ten polymorphisms,each of which was investigated in a multicenter study with sample size larger than 400,also suggested a positive association with ICH.They were apolipoprotein A (OR =1.64,95％ CI 1.21-2.21,P ＜0.01) and vessel endothelial growth factor 2 (OR =3.22 ;95％ CI 1.63-6.37,P ＜ 0.01) respectively.Conclusions ε2 and ε4 carriers of apolipoprotein E,angiotensin converting enzyme I/D,methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T,lower repeats of TTTTA of apolipoprotein A and vascular endothelial cell growth factor 2 rs2305948 polymorphisms are the possible genetic risk factors in Chinese.In conclusion,several genes are identified as to be susceptible to ICH in Chinese by our well defined criteria,however,the evidence for majority of studies is limited.

The roots of Pittosporum glabratum Lindl. (Pittosporaceae) have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, insomnia and hypertension. Only a few chemical or biological studies on P. glabratum have been reported. As part of our ongoing phytochemical research on this plant, four compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as 3beta, 6beta, 19alpha, 21alpha, 24-pentahydroxy-12-en-28-oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl siaresinolic acid (2), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-beta-D-(5-O-syringoyl)-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) on the basis of physical evidence and spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compound 1 is a new triterpenoid, and compounds 2-4 are isolated from the genus Pittosporum for the first time.
Molecular Structure ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rosales ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE Based on the methods of microdialysis,HPLC-MS/MS and gene chip tech-nology,the mechanism of Baicalin and Geniposide(BC/GP)against excitatory amino acid toxicity in ce-rebral ischemia was studied. This will provide guidance for the clinical application of BC/GP and the study of excitatory amino acid toxicity in cerebral ischemia.METHODS (1)Microdialysis technique and HPLC-MS/MS was performed to study the pharmacodynamics of BC/GP against cerebral ischemia. ①18 SD rats with body weight of(280±20)g were randomly divided into control group,treatment groups with BC/CP at low dose,medium dose and high dose(equal to the dosage of crude drugs for 30 mg·kg-1, 45 mg·kg-1and 60 mg·kg-1respectively).Rats in each group were given intragastric administration for seven days to establish cerebral ischemia model. Then, microdialysis probe was applied to collect cerebrospinal fluid from hippocampus before and after cerebral ischemia. ② First, we established the HPLC-MS/MS method for measuring drugs and excitatory amino acids.Then we detected the microdi-alysis samples and observed their changes in animals.(2)The mechanism of BC/GP against excitatory toxicity of cerebral ischemia were observed at gene level by chip technique. ① 16 SD rats with body weight of 240±20 g were randomly divided into sham group, model group, treatment group of BC(60 mg·kg-1),treatment group of GP(60 mg·kg-1)and treatment group of BC/GP(7:3)(60 mg·kg-1).Rats in eachgroup were given intragastric administration for seven days to establish cerebral ischemia model. Then the rats were sacrificed,and the hippocampus were rapidly harvested and stored at-80℃for further detection. ②After the quality inspection of the hippocampal,the qualified samples were subjected to detect the levels of neurotransmitter receptor gene in the ischemic of rats by gene chip technology.Finally,the results were analyzed by the method of Δ ΔCt.RESULTS (1)Only three compounds includ-ed GP,glutamic acid and aspartic acid were detected in microdialysis samples by HPLC-MS/MS.The concentration of GP increased and lasted for 120 min with a significant dose-dependent after cerebral ischemia.Compared with low dose group,the AUC(0-t),MRT(0-∞),Cmaxand t1/2zin high-dose group showed significant difference(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the levels of glutamic acid and aspartic acid in the treatment groups decreased significantly,especially in the middle and high dose groups.(2) 89 genes in the neurotransmitter receptor gene signaling pathway were detected by gene chip technol-ogy. There were 22 genes with |Fold Regulation|>1.5 in the model group, compared with the sham group.Five of the 22 genes showed statistically significant differences,including Grin2c(2.9026),Chrna7 (-1.5877), and Tacr2 (-1.7695). Htr3a (-1.8172) and Grm6 (-2.3527). There were 5 genes with |Fold Regulation|>1.5 in the BC group, compared with the model group, Two of them exhibited statistically significant differences,including Brs3(1.797)and Grin2c(-1.7979).There were 14 genes with|Fold Reg-ulation|>1.5 in the GP group, compared with the model group. Three of them displayed statistically significant differences,including Hcrtr2 (-1.6584), Sctr (-3.8524) and Grin2c (-4.8408). Compared with model group, the genes of |Fold Regulation|>1.5 in BC/GP (7:3) group are 5, and only one of them showed a significant differences. CONCLUSION (1)After administration of BC and GP,GP can cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce the release of excitatory amino acids in the hippocampus. (2) BC/GP can inhibit the interaction between excitatory amino acids and excitatory amino acid receptors and attenuate the toxicity of excitatory amino acids by down-regulating the expression of glutamic acid receptor Grin2c gene.(3)BC/GP may exert their brain protection effect by reducing the release of excit-atory amino acids and inhibiting the expression of excitatory amino acid receptors.

OBJECTIVETo explore indication and approaches of neurotomy of tibial nerve for the treatment of the talipes equinovarus and spastic paralysis.

METHODA total of 25 patients including 15 patients with cerebral paralysis and other 10 patients were diagnosed with clear etiology, spastic muscles with supplied nerves were analyzed in detail, neurotomy of the tibial nerve was performed under microscope, during operation, motor nerve was lovated with electronic stimuli and monitored with induced electromyography. The surgical results were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 36 of 37 (97%) neurotomy of the tibial nerve were improved with dorsum flex of ankle at 10 - 45 degree, and 22 of 24 (85%) talipes equinovarus improved clinically. Of 37 feet with surgery, 24 feet (65%) were in normal position and could touch ground completely, 9 feet (24%) had 10 degree with ground or could contact ground with external one third of the feet, 4 feet (11%) were abnormal. Of 25 patents, 21 (84%) had improvement of motor activity at discretion, 5 patients (20%) improved dramatically. All the 4 patients failed after the operation were cerebral paralysis, and were presumably related to disorders of spinal function, abnormal reflex and the disappearance of inhibitory reflex.

CONCLUSIONNeurotomy is an effective method to treat talipes equinovarus, and can improve the motor activity of low extremity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clubfoot ; surgery ; Equinus Deformity ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Tibial Nerve ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To analyze the meridian and acupoint-selection patterns in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by data mining technique,for exploring acupoints that could be effective for PCOS and providing suggestion and reference in selecting acupoints for the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PCOS.Methods:Literatures related to the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PCOS published before April 2018 were collected.By a self-made data mining program developed using Microsoft Excel 2007,a database of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PCOS was then established.The correlation analysis was performed for the frequency of use of acupoints and acupoint groups.Cluster analysis was also conducted.Results:A total of 92 articles were recruited finally.Sanyinjiao (SP 6),Conception Vessel and chest-abdomen region ranked the top on the list of the most frequently used acupoints,meridians and regions,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the acupoint group with the highest confidence was Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36),and the group with the highest support was Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4).Cluster analysis revealed five effective clusters:Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6);Zhongwan (CV 12) and Tianshu (ST 25);Zhongji (CV 3),Zusanli (ST 36) and Qihai (CV 6);Xuehai (SP 10),Shenshu (BL 23),Taichong (LR 3) and Guilai (ST 29);Ganshu (BL 18),Taixi (KI 3),Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Pishu (BL 20).Conclusion:According to the confidence and support report,Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) or Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4) are recommended in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PCOS,with adjunct points selected for different patterns,e.g.Zhongwan (CV 12) and Tianshu (ST 25) for tonifying spleen and expelling dampness;Zhongji (CV 3) and Qihai (CV 6) for supplementing qi and cultivating blood;Xuehai (SP 10),Shenshu (BL 23),Taichong (LR 3) and Guilai (ST 29) for tonifying kidney and dissolving stasis;Ganshu (BL 18),Taixi (KI 3),Yinlingquan (SP 9) and Pishu (BL 20) for tonifying kidney and spleen and regulating liver.

AIM To optimize the preparation of Bishutongqiao Mixture.METHODS With solid total mass,contents of astragaloside A and calycosin-7-glucoside as evaluation indices,water addition,extraction time and extraction times as influencing factors,the aqueous extraction process was optimized by orthogonal test.With the contents and retention rates of astragaloside A and calycosin-7-glucoside as evaluation indices,the effects of normal pressure and decompression on the concentration process were investigated.And the effects of solubilizer (polysorbate 80),taste-masking agent (sucrose) and bacteriostatic agent (sodium benzoate) amounts on the forming process were studied as well.RESULTS The optimal aqueous extraction conditions were determined to be ten times for water addition,1 h for extraction time,and extracting twice,the comprehensive score was 91.67.The contents and retention rates of astragaloside A and calycosin-7-glucoside at normal pressure concentration were higher than those at decompression concentration.The optimal forming process was obtained at polysorbate 80,sucrose and sodium benzoate amounts of 1.43％,15％ and 0.3％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and feasible method can be used for the preparation of Bishutongqiao Mixture.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the adults in high water iodine area and to reveal the risk factors of thyroid nodules.Methods Questionnaire investigation,determination of urinary iodine and thyroid ultrasound were carried out for residents aged 18 to 65 years old in Gaoche Village of Wenshui County in Shanxi Province,with the exception of pregnant and lactating women.Possible risk factors for thyroid nodules were analyzed.Results Of the 286 residents,89 cases of thyroid nodule were detected and the prevalence rate was 31.1％.The prevalence rate was 25.7％ (35/136) in male and 36.0％ (54/150) in female,there was no significant difference between sex (x2 =2.49,P ＞ 0.05).The average age of the cases with thyroid nodules was (49.6 ± 11.3) years old and was (43.5 ± 11.6) years old in cases without thyroid nodules,there was significant difference between age groups (t =4.11,P ＜ 0.05).The median of urinary iodine of the cases with thyroid nodules was 453.0 μg/L and was 408.4 μg/L in cases without thyroid nodules,there was no significant difference in the median of urinary iodine (Z =-0.616,P ＞ 0.05).The prevalence rate of solitary nodule was 57.3％ (51/89) and multiple nodules 42.7％ (38/89).As to the property nodule,the cyst nodule,the cyst-solid nodule and the solid nodule was 49.4％ (44/89),29.2％ (26/89) and 21.3％ (19/89),respectively.The results of Logistic regression showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodule increased with age (OR =1.048,95％CI:1.024-1.073,P ＜ 0.05) and the multiple nodule increased with age (OR =1.086,95％CI:1.044-1.129,P ＜ 0.05).The cyst nodule was a more common form in women (OR =2.559,95％CI:1.245-5.262,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of cyst-solid nodule increased with age (OR =1.125,95％CI:1.065-1.189,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of the thyroid nodule in adults is high and the thyroid nodules are mainly the cyst nodules.The prevalence of the thyroid nodule is increased with age,especially the multiple nodules and the cyst-solid nodule in high water iodine area.The cyst nodule is a more common form in women.

BACKGROUNDLiver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage acute or chronic hepatic disease. Bile duct complications are common events after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood supply of the human bile duct and identify the underlying mechanisms of bile duct complications after liver transplantation.

METHODSThe duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and blood supply of extrahepatic bile duct system were re-evaluated through selective hepatic angiography from 600 patients. In addition, 33 cadavers were injected with latex casting material into the common hepatic artery, then the extrahepatic bile duct and the branches from the common hepatic artery were carefully dissected to visualize the gastroduodenal artery and its branching to the extrahepatic bile duct.

RESULTSThe bile duct artery arose from the branch of the gastroduodenal artery in 8.1% (49/600). Of these 49 individuals, the bile duct artery was supplied by the gastroduodenal artery (61.22%, 30/49), the proper hepatic artery (14.29%, 7/49), or both the gastroduodenal artery and the proper hepatic artery (24.49%, 12/49). In our study of 33 cadavers, the percentage that the bile duct artery arose from the gastroduodenal artery was 27.27%. The blood supply to the bile extrahepatic bile ducts was divided into different segments and formed longitudinal and arterial network anastomosed on the walls of the duct.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a close relationship between the duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and the blood supplying patterns of the extrahepatic bile duct system. In liver transplant surgery, the initial part of the gastroduodenal artery is preferred to be preserved in the donor liver. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of operation and reduce complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiography ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged

Taking the genome DNA of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV) as the template, the gG gene was amplified with PCR and cloned into the T cloning vector pMD18-T. After being identified by restriction digestion and DNA sequencing, the insert was subcloned into the expression vector pGEX-KG. Sodium docecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot assay showed that this gene was expressed as both soluble form and inclusion body by the transformed E. coli BL21 strain (DE3). The fusion protein was purified and used as the coating antigen to develop the indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Comparison between this gG-ELISA and commercial IBRV gB-ELISA Kit (IDEXX) was made in the detection of 380 cow serum samples. The results demonstrated an agreement of 92%. By using this novel gG-ELISA, 1248 cow serum samples were tested and the average positive rate of IBRV antibodies for imported cows is 21.7%, while the positive rate ranged greatly from 0.0%-41.5% for Hubei local Chinese Black and White Dairy Cows.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; immunology ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Cattle ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viral Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology