BACKGROUND: Researches indicate that interleukin-6 (IL-6) in blood has changed during the process of the edema and infection of spinal cord.It is found that IL-6 participates in the course of spinal cord lesion according to the further researches. It is also presumed that the IL-6 is correlated with the edema of spinal cord accompanied nervous system diseases.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 on the traumatic edema of spinal cord, and explore the effect of IL-6 in the process of the edema of spinal cord.DESIGN: Randomized control experiment with animals as subjects.SETTING: Department of Orthopedic, Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed from January to December 2004 in the Animal Experimental Center of Guangdong Medical College.Forty male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into the normal group, the wound group, the saline control group and the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 treated group with 10 rats in each group.METHODS: ① The receptor antagonist of the IL-6 treated group: Blast injury of the thoracic spinal cord was made by the sap pressure, and the injection with the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 was given at the injured region with microinjector. ② The wound group: There was not the procedure of administration and placement of the tube. ③ The saline control group: The IL-6 was replaced with the sterile-physiological saline solution (SPSS), and the other procedures were the same as those of the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 treated group. ④ The normal group: There was not any treatment. All rats in each group were detected with magnetic resonance. The water content in the spinal cord was determined with the dry and humid weight method, and the status of the edema of spinal cord was observed with the electron microscope and the pathological image analysis after dyeing with hematine-eosine.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The results of the examination of the rats in each group with the magnetic resonance. ② The water content in the spinal cord of rats in each group. ③ The status of the edema of spinal cord was observed with the electron microscope and the pathological image analysis.RESULTS: All the 40 rats entered the result analysis. ① The edema of the T2 w eighting image in the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 treated group was relieved as compared with that in the wound group and the saline control group. ② The water content of the injured region in the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 treated group, the wound group and the saline control group was higher than that in the normal group [ (81.68±1.39)%, (79.72±1.49)%, (82.59±1.12)%, (77.19±0.64)% ,P ＜ 0.01].The water content of the injured region in the wound group was higher than that in the normal group(P ＜ 0.01), and the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 treated group was lower than that of the wound group (P ＜ 0.01). ③The cell body of the gray substance was contracted, the inter-space around the cell was enlarged and the nerve cells were lost in the wound group;The saline control group was not significantly different as compared with the wound group; The cellular edema, degeneration and the necrosis in the receptor antagonist of the IL-6 treated group was milder than that in the wound group.CONCLUSION: The receptor antagonist of the IL-6 has the therapeutical effect on the traumatic edema of spinal cord. The endogenous IL-6 participates in the development of the traumatic edema of spinal cord.

Objective To determine the inhibitive effect of interferon-a on hepatic metastasis of colon cancer. Methods Metastatic model of human colon cancer was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human tumor tissue into the colon wall of nude mice.The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:(1)Control group(receiving saline solution only);(2)5-FU treatment group;(3) IFN-?-2b treatment group;and(4)5-FU combined with IFN-?-2b treatment group(combined group). 5-FU and IFN-?-2b were given via peritoneum injection 1 time/2 days for eight weeks.The mice were killed at nine weeks.The tumors were weighed,the microvessel density(MVD) was detected,and the liver was examined histologically in order to discover the micrometastasis. Results In control group, 5-FU group,IFN-2b group and combined group,the tumor weight was(1.53?0.78)g,(0.87?0.59)g,(0.81?0.43)g and ( 0.23?0.09)g, respectively;the tumor inhibition rate was 0,43.1%,47.1% and 84.9%, respectively;the hepatic metastasis rate was 85.7%,78.6%,21.4% and 0 respectively.MVD in IFN-? group and combined group was significant lower than that in control group and 5-FU group. Conclusions IFN-? can inhibit the growth and hepatic metastasis of orthotopic implanted human colon cancer by inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis.It may be more effective when INF-? combined with cyotoxic agents.

Some recent studies which are focused on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system indicate that GABA dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.In this review,alterations of GABAergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia brain,novel antipsychotic drugs with GABAergic activity are discussed.

Objective To screen protective antigen genes and construct the T7 phage display library from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum.Methods Total RNA was extracted from adult worms of S.japonicum by Trizol reagent and mRNA was isolated from the total RNA.The ds cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription using random primer.Directional EcoRⅠ/HindⅢ linkers were ligated into the ends of ds cDNA and the ds cDNA was digested with EcoRⅠand HindⅢ,which resulted in ds cDNA with EcoRⅠand HindⅢ adhering ends.The digested ds cDNA fragments longer than 300 bp in length were fractionated and ligated into T7 Select 10-3b vector.After packaging in vitro,the T7 Select 10-3b vector was transformed into BLT5403 to construct the T7 phage display cDNA library.Plaque assay and PCR were used to evaluate the library.Seven known objective genes of S.japonicum were screened by PCR to detect the representation of the library.Result Primary library capacity was 4.98?106 pfu,and the titer of amplified library was 3.85?1011 pfu/mL.The PCR identification result of 96 clones picked at random showed that recombination rate was 93.8%,in which 95.6% inserted cDNA fragments were longer than 300 bp in length.All the seven known objective genes of S.japonicum were amplified from the library.Conclusion The T7 phage display library from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum was constructed.

Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; pathology ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To explore the relationship between the concentrations of lactoferrin and lysozyme in saliva and dental caries in primary dentition among Chinese children. Methods Forty children with high dmft score ( dmft ≥ 5) and 40 caries-free children ( dmft = 0) were sampled and assigned into two groups. Total salivary proteins was measured by means of bicinchoninic acid. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to analyze the images of target straps. Lactoferrin and lysozyme were detected using Western blotting method. Results The total salivary protein in high dmft group [ ( 852.02 ± 206. 14 ) mg/L ] was lower than that of caries-free group [ ( 1032. 44 ±221.99) mg/L, P < 0. 001 ]. The ratio of 77 000 protein in high draft group[ ( 12. 50 ± 7. 73 ) IA/μg] was significantly higher than that of the caries-free children [ (8.71 ± 4. 28 )IA/μg,P = 0. 009], while there was no significant difference for 14 500 protein between them (P = 0. 137). The ratio of lactoferrin was higher in high draft group[ (229.04 ± 197.14)IA/μg] than that in caries-free children [ (144. 07 ±99.91 ) IA/μg, P = 0. 018 ], while no significant difference for lysozyme between the two groups ( P =0. 091 ). Conclusions Saliva protein is closely related to caries in primary dentition. Lactoferrin may be one of the important components.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of different fertilization methods on the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of elective blastocyst culture for 1 153 cycles of IVF and 205 cycles of ICSI performed between january 2009 and December 2012.

RESULTSA total number of 14 748 embryos in the IVF group and 2 655 embryos in the ICSI group underwent sequential blastocyst culture, with 7 871 blastocysts formed in the former and 1 210 in the latter. No cycles were canceled for no blastocyst formation in either of the two groups. The rates of quality embryos, blastocyst formation and embryo utilization were significantly higher in the IVF than in the ICSI group (64.77 vs 58.72%, 53.37 vs 45.57%, and 60.06 vs 52.17%, all P < 0.05), but the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy and abortion showed no significant differences between the two groups (48.94 vs 51.43%, 49.03 vs 52.02%, and 11.69% vs 15.56, all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWith the same inclusion criteria of selective blastocyst culture, IVF has a lower risk of cycle cancellation due to no blastocyst formation and therefore may effect higher rates of blastocyst formation and embryo utilization than ICSI. Our study suggested that appropriate inclusion criteria of selective blastocyst culture should be laid down according to different fertilization methods.

Adult ; Blastocyst ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

OBJECTIVETo explore the risk factors of children with high dmft.

METHODSIn suburban of Guangzhou, oral health of 401 3 - 4-year-old children were examined and structured questionnaire were completed by their parents. 120 children with highest number of dmft (dmft > or = 5) and 118 caries-free children were chosen for case-control analysis.

RESULTSThe results of logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with high dmft were developmental defect of enamel, visible plaque index, frequency of toothbrushing, frequency of sugar consumption, and income.

CONCLUSIONSAdvocating brushing teeth at least twice daily, controlling the frequency of sugar consuming, reducing the developmental defect of enamel and paying more attention to the oral health of lower income population may effectively reduce dental caries of the children.

Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVETo isolate and identify Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Streptococcus sobrinus (Ss) in dental plaque of children with high dmft and no caries by selective medium, biochemical methods and arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR).

METHODSA total of 401 3-4-year-old children from seven kindergartens were recruited using cluster sampling and their dental caries status were examined. From 30% of children with the highest dmft score (dmft >/= 5), 20 children were chosen randomly as test group and 20 age and gender-matched caries-free children were selected as control. Plaque samples were collected from buccal surfaces of the molars and plated onto TYCSB plate. Sm and Ss were primarily identified by colony morphology and biochemical characteristics. Then chromosomal DNA of the strains was isolated and Sm or Ss were confirmed by AP-PCR.

RESULTSThe proportion positive for Sm and Ss in children with high dmft was 100% and 40% respectively while that in caries-free children was 75% and 5% by AP-PCR analysis. The differences were statistically significant between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe proportions positive for Sm and Ss detected by AP-PCR method were significantly higher in children with high dmft than in caries-free children and it is a risk factor for high dmft in deciduous teeth harboring Sm and Ss.

Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; microbiology ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Streptococcus mutans ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Streptococcus sobrinus ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo explore the attitude of the public to the psychosocial effects of fluorosis through investigating the public in different areas.

METHODSTwenty typical fluorosis photos were selected and evaluated by the public in Xingtai, Beijing and Guangzhou, which included 101 dentists, 118 dental students, 103 college students in non-dental schools, 102 clerks and 92 leaders. Each evaluator was required to answer seven five-point questions according to each photo.

RESULTSThe mean of the public evaluation was going up with the increase of Dean's Index (DI) score, ranging from 2.21 to 4.74, meanwhile, the prevalence of reporting that fluorosis would affect their psychosocial status also ascended. Less than 25% people reported that very mild fluorosis (DI < or = 1) would affect the psychosocial status of patients, and mild fluorosis (DI = 2) would affect 25% - 56%, while the prevalence would increase to 48% - 97% in severe fluorosis group (DI > or = 3). "Bivariate Correlation Analysis" showed that significant correlation existed in the evaluation of the public and the degree of fluorosis. The scores of dentists were significantly lower than those of dental students, college students in non-dental schools and clerks. The evaluation scores of the public in Xingtai were generally higher than those in Beijing and Guangzhou.

CONCLUSIONSMild or less fluorosis could lead to little psychosocial effects.

Fluorosis, Dental ; psychology ; Humans ; Psychology, Social