A new method for determining transaminase activity based on the color change of the reaction solution was established, by using alanine-dependent transaminase VfTA from Vibrio fluvialis JS17 as the research object coupled with pyruvate oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. After the optimization of the conditions, the linear relationship between VfTA activity units and the absorbance at 400 nm was investigated. This method was also applied to determine the activity of commercial transaminase ATA117. The results showed that the detection limit of transaminase VfTA activity was up to 0. 45 U/mL and the detection limit of ATA117 activity was up to 0. 5 U/mL. The transaminase activity could be quickly judged according to the color depth of the reaction solution.

Objective To research the expression and biological significance of methallothionein(MT) in different thyroid diseases(TDs).Methods The expression of MT was observed by immunohistochemical stain and the difference among TDs was compared.Results MT was completely expressed in all TDs. Expression of MT was 87.60?9.20 in thyroid carcinoma,significantly higher than that(62.20?12.40) in thyroid adenoma, that(61.10?13.20) in Graves′ disease and that(58.50?10.60) in Hashimoto′ thyroiditis (P

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of maternal limb ischemic preconditioning ( LIP) on the mitochon-drial structures and functions of the hippocampal neurons induced by reoxygenation in the intrauterine distress fetal rats. METHODS:Pregnant rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham (S) group, LIP group, fetal distress ( FD) group and LIP+FD group.Intrauterine ischemia model was established through the experimental design.The ultra-structure of the mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was observed .The mitochondrial membrane potential and re-active oxygen species ( ROS) were measured .The content of ATP and MDA in the hippocampus tissue was detected.The activity of Mn-SOD was observed.RESULTS:Compared with sham group, the ultrastructure of mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was damaged in FD group and LIP+FD group.The mitochondrial membrane potential, the content of ATP and the activity of Mn-SOD were decreased.However, the content of ROS and MDA was increased.Compared with FD group, the ultrastructure of mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was intact in LIP+FD group.Furthermore, the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content were inhibited.The activity of Mn-SOD was increased, but the content of ROS and MDA was decreased in LIP+FD group.CONCLUSION:Limb ischemia preconditioning inhibits the damage the mitochondria of fetal hippocampal neurons induced by reoxygenation in the intrauterine distress fetal rats.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of taurine on the cytotoxicity of iohexol on HK-2 cells. Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to iohexol at different dosage (25, 50, 100, 125 gI/L) for 6 h and at the dose of 100 gl/L for different time(2 h, 4 h, 6 h). Then taurine (3,12,24 mmol/L) was coincubated with iohexol (100 gI/L) for 6 h.Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechest 33342 flurescence stains,flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double stains and caspase-3 activity by colorimetric assay. Bcl-2 and Bax expression were examined by Western blot. Intracellular ROS was detected by flow cytometry with fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. Results Iohexol decreased HK-2 cell viability and induced apoptosis in concentration-dependant and time-dependant manner (all P＜0.05). ROS was increased following iohexol (100 gI/L for 6 h) treatment (P＜0.05). Taurine increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis in dose-dependant manner. The cell viability levels in taurine intervention (3,12,24 mmol/L) group were significantly increased compared with that in iohexol treated group respectively [(88.00±1.00)%, (91.33±0.58)%, (95.67±1.52) % vs (76.67±1.53)%, all P＜0.05]. Apoptosis rate by flow cytometry were decreased respectively [(8.84±1.75)%,(7.86±1.82)%, (6.30±1.50)% vs (11.98±0.39)%, all P＜0.05]. Caspase-3 activities were decreased respectively [(1.33±0.10), (1.27±0.06), (1.10±0.04) vs (1.42±0.13), all P＜0.05].Taurine up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, and decreased the intracellular ROS (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Iohexol induces cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Taurine attenuates direct cytotoxic effect induced by iohexol. The anti-oxidative stress effect and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression may partly account for the protection of taurine.

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficiency of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic microvascular imaging (MVI) for differentiating breast lesions.Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with 116 breast lesions were first examined by grayscale ultrasound.Then SMI and MVI were performed on all patients.Microvascular architectures of breast lesions were depicted by both methods.The lesions were evaluated based on their microvascular architectures.The diagnostic efficacy of both methods were compared.Results The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of SMI and MVI were 79.24％,90.48 ％,85.35％ and 88.68％,87.30％,87.93％,respectively.The areas under the curve of SMI and MVI were 0.888 and 0.926.The diagnostic values of SMI and MVI were not statistically different (P =0.212).Conclusions SMI can detect tiny vessels and depict microvascular architecture of breast lesions as MVI do,which is beneficial for breast tumor differentiation.The diagnostic efficacy of SMI is almost the same as MVI.

In the present study, the efficacy of Naoxintong capsule (NXT), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, combined with dual antiplatelet therapy (DA) in a rat model of coronary microembolization (CME) was evaluated.

Objective To investigate the effects of GR82334 caudal veins injection(iv)or intrathecal injection(ith)on the increase of dopamine (DA)content in rats anterior cingulate gyrus(ACG)induced by heavy current stimulation of saphenous nerve(SN). Methods Totally 42 male Wi-star rats were randomly divided into six groups,including control group,sham stimulation group,SN stimulation group,GR82334(ith)group,NS (ith)group,GR82334(iv)group,and NS(iv)group. At the end of the study,rats of different groups were sacrificed,then the right side ACG were collected and weighted. ACG samples were then homogenized with 0.1 mol/L perchloric acid solution. After spinning at 10 000 r/min(4℃)for 20 min,20μL of the supernatant were harvest from each sample. High performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection was used to mea-sure DA content. Results Heavy current stimulation of SN caused obvious increase of the DA content in ACG. GR82334(iv or ith)antagonized the significant increase of DA content in ACG induced by the stimulating SN. However,GR82334(ith)did not completely antagonized the increase of DA content in ACG induced by electric stimulating SN. Conclusion The results indicated that there is connection between SN and the dopami-nergic nervous system in ACG,and SN afferent nociceptive signals can activate ACG dopaminergic neurons to release DA. Peripheral and central NK-1 receptors are involved in the process of significant increase of DA content in ACG induced by SN afferent signals. However,there are other central paths of SN information input to ACG to induce obvious increases of DA content,in which other neurotransmitters and receptors may be involved.

Objective To study the effect of ketamine on inward rectifier potassium currents(I_k1)in isolated rat ventricular myocytes using whole-cell patch clamp technique.Methods Adult Wistar rats of both sexes were anesthetized with pentobarbital.The hearts were removed and ventricular myocytes were prepared by the technique described by Liu et al.Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to study I_(k1) in isolated rat ventricular myocytes The changes in I_(KI) produced by 100 ?mol?L~(-1) with different holding potentials or by different concentrations of ketamine with holding potential of-120 mV were analyzed.Results Ketamine 100 ?mol?L~(-1) inhibited the Ira without any significant effects on reverse potential (-50--60 mV)and the shape of the Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve.Ketamine inhibited I_(k1) evoked by a holding potential of-120 mV in a dose-dependent manner with a mean IC_(50) value of (162.3?8.4)?mol?L~(-1).Conclusion Ketamine significantly inhibits I_(k1) in ventricular myocytes. This may explain the prolonged duration of action potential of ventricular myocyte produced by ketamine.

AIM:To study the effect of gossypol on the cognitive function of type 2 diabetic rats,and to explore its mechanism. METHODS:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly:normal group,type 2 diabetic group and gossypol treated group. After fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks,the later two groups were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to establish type 2 diabetic rat model. The animals in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. Since 5th week,the times of gavages were changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to 12th week. Learning and memory abilities of rats were assayed with Morris water maze test. The concentration of blood glucose was measured by biochemical method. The levels of serum corticosterone and insulin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay,respectively. The protein expressions of 11?-HSD1 and GR in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were determined by Western blotting. The morphological changes of cerebral cortex and hippocampus were observed under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope,respectively. RESULTS:Compared to normal group,the karyopyknosis,dilation of golgiosome and mitochondria swelling of neuron from cerebral cortex and hippocampus were prominent in diabetic group. The concentrations of blood glucose,serum corticosterone and insulin increased significantly (P

Aim To study the protective effects of limb remote ischemic postconditioning ( LRIP ) on is-chemic stroke rats under hyperglycemia and explore the mechanisms. Methods Rats were given 50% glucose (6 mL·kg-1 ) by intraperitoneal injection to get acute hyperglycemia model. Then middle cerebral artery oc-clusion ( MCAO) models were created. After blocking middle artery for 1. 5 h and reperfusion for 2 h, behav-ioral testing, infarct size of brain, NO concentration and SOD activity in the serum of those rats were detec- ted. Results LRIP could improve behavioral score, decrease the area of cerebral infarction, increase the concentration of NO and the SOD activity in serum of MCAO rats. Conclusion LRIP can relieve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of MCAO rats under acute hyperglycemia.