Objective To evaluate the value of technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (99Tcm-MIBI)tomography and integrated CT in preoperative localization diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).Methods 28 patients with SHPT were selected.15 minutes and 90 minutes (delayed images)after intravenous administration of 99Tcm-MIBI 370 MBq,static anterior planar images of the neck and chest were obtained.99Tcm-MIBI tomography and integrated CT scan were acquired after the delayed imaging.The imaging findings were compared to the pathological results.Results The detection rate of SHPT lesions by 99Tcm-MIBI dua-phase imaging and 99Tcm-MIBI tomography and registration with integrated CT scan was 53.3％ and 70.7％ respectively.The difference had statistical significance(X2 =5.903,P＜0.05).The fusion imaging with integrated CT can provide detailed anatomy data and more information for surgical doctors.Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI tomography and registration with integrated CT scan can improve the detection rate of SHPT compared with 99Tcm-MIBI dua-phase imaging,provide more detailed anatomy data,and has high clinical value in preoperative localization and diagnosis of SHPT.

Objective To explore the effects of maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation on testicle development and steroidogenesis of weaning offspring, and to provide a theoretical basis for the toxicity study of cypermethrin on reproduction.Methods Twenty-one healthy pregnant mice(clean animal) were randomly divided into three groups.Maternal mice were orally administered with different doses of cypermethrin [0,6.25 and 25 mg(/kg?d),10 ml/kg] dissolved in corn oil daily from postnatal day 1(PND1) to PND21.Fifteen male pups were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed at PND21 after exposure.The testicle organ coefficients were calculated.Serum testosterone(T) and estrogen(E2),testicle T were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Histopathological changes in the testicle tissues were observed by HE stain.Testicle cells apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results A significant decrease was observed in body weight and the testicle organ coefficients in cypermethrin-treated group was in a dose-dependent manner(P0.05).Histological examination showed that maternal cypermethrin exposure markedly decreased the number and layers of spermatogenic cells,increased the inside diameter(ID) of seminiferous tubules,and disturbed the array of spermatogenic cells in testicle sections of pups at PND21.No significant effect on apoptosis of testicle cells was seen.Conclusion Maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation may damage testicles and steroidogenesis of weaning offspring.

ObjectiveTo analyze the long term efficacy and prognosis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) combined immunosuppressive therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome (PBC-AIH). Methods A total of 44 PBC-AIH cases were selected from 387 autoimmune liver diseases cases in The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2001 to January 2011,and the medical data,treatments and efficacies were retrospective analyzed.ResultsThe serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),γ glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and total bilirubin (TBil) increased in different degrees in 44 PBC-AIH patients.Globulin or immunoglobulin G(IgG) increased in 84.09％(37/44) patients,immunoglobulin M(IgM) increased in 38.63％ (17/44) patients.The positive rate of antinuclear anti-body (ANA), anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) was 97.73％,90.91％ and 11.36％,respectively. Pathological features were interface hepatitis and different degrees of intrahepatic bile ducl injuries. After UDCA combined immunosuppressant treatment,the remission rate was 61.36 ％ (27/44),the incomplete response rate was 29.55％ (13/44) and the treatment failure rate was 9.09％ (4/44).Six cases with remission withdrawal medicine,and the recurrence rate was 5/6.By the end of follow-up,the levels of ALT,AST,ALP,GGT and TBil significantly decreased in PBC-AIH patients compared with those before treatment.ALP,GGT,ALT and AST levels significantly decreased in the first 6 months while ALP and GGT showed slight upward trend at the end of follow up. The disease progression rate was 25.33％ in PBC-AIH patients (13/44) during the follow-up,and the 10 year survival rate was 93.33％ (28/30).ConclusionUDCA combined immunosuppressive therapy in PBC AIH treatment can significantly improve patients' blood biochemical indexes,delay disease progression,improve survival rate,and the remission rate is also high.However the recurrence rate is high after withdrawal of medicine.

Objective To explore the risk factors of stroke- associated pneumonia (SAP) in stroke patients. Methods A retrospective study was designed to analyze the clinical data of 159 patients with stroke. They were divided into SAP group (n=35) and non-SAP group (n=124). Their age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gastric mucosal protective agents, dysphagia after stroke (DAS), stroke history, type of stroke, hypoproteinemia, disturbance of consciousness, nasal feeding and smoking were analyzed with univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results 22% of the 159 patients suffered from SAP. Univariate analysis showed, there was statistical difference in age (P<0.01), gastric mucosal protective agents (P<0.01), DAS (P<0.01), hypoalbuminemia (P<0.05), disturbance of consciousness (P<0.05), nasal feeding (P<0.001) and smoking (P<0.01) between two groups. Binary Logistic regression for the multivariate analysis indicated that age≥70 years old, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking were the risk factors related with SAP. After adjusting for all other variables, the odds of SAP were 5.119 times higher for patients requiring nasal feeding than those without nasal feeding. Conclusion There is a high morbidity for SAP, which is attributed to multiple factors. Age≥70, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking may be the most important risk factors related with SAP.

The challenge of the emergence of drug-resistant influenza strains, which is caused by wide spread utilization of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), accelerates the research and exploration towards host targeted agents. In contrast to DAAs targeting viral replication components, host targeted agents, which regulate host factors and pathways linked to viral replication, can interfere the replication of influenza. Additionally, the innate immune system is activated by influenza during the early stage of infection, so manipulating the innate immune response may prevent the viral infection. However, the excessive inflammatory response induced at the late phase of influenza infection would lead to severe tissue injures. Thus, it is very important to explore drugs with anti-inflammatory actions to suppress these immune imbalances and tissue injures. Here we overview the current progresses about host targets related to anti-influenza drugs.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; Virus Replication

Objective To explore the feasibility of 7.0T MR scanner in mouse aorta atherosclerosis models.Visualising the TN-C in atherosclerotic plaque by immunohistochemistry and its correlation with CD68 to provide experimental basis for the feasibility of TN-C in targeted MRI.Methods ApoE-/- mice and wild type C57 mice were fed on high fat diet to establish aorta atherosclerosis model (n=10),the aorta were observed by MRI after 14 weeks.The aorta specimens were taken to stain with HE to observe the pathological changes.The plaque was stained with oil red O,anti-TNC and TN-C antibody respectively to observe the fat,CD68 and TN-C in plaque.Results 7.0 MRI showed the aortic wall of the experimental group was thicker,high signal on T1 WI and PDWI,and low signal on T2 WI after 14 weeks.The histopathlogic examination showed the intima was obviously thicker,and the lumen was ir-regulary narrow.Both of CD68 and TN-C were highly expressed in plaque,and the distribution of TN-C correlated with CD68.In the control group,no case showed hyper-signal in the vessel wall of aorta or narrow lumen by MRI,and the histopathlogy showed no for-mation of atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta.Conclusion Aorta atherosclerotic plaque can be established through high fat diet on ApoE-/- mouse,and 7.0 MR can successfully detect it.TN-C is high expressed in AS plaque and the expression is correlated with CD68,which may suggest that they may collaborate in the development of AS.Detecting TN-C could be useful for the further study of atherosclerotic plaque.

Objective To investigate the effects of GR82334 caudal veins injection(iv)or intrathecal injection(ith)on the increase of dopamine (DA)content in rats anterior cingulate gyrus(ACG)induced by heavy current stimulation of saphenous nerve(SN). Methods Totally 42 male Wi-star rats were randomly divided into six groups,including control group,sham stimulation group,SN stimulation group,GR82334(ith)group,NS (ith)group,GR82334(iv)group,and NS(iv)group. At the end of the study,rats of different groups were sacrificed,then the right side ACG were collected and weighted. ACG samples were then homogenized with 0.1 mol/L perchloric acid solution. After spinning at 10 000 r/min(4℃)for 20 min,20μL of the supernatant were harvest from each sample. High performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection was used to mea-sure DA content. Results Heavy current stimulation of SN caused obvious increase of the DA content in ACG. GR82334(iv or ith)antagonized the significant increase of DA content in ACG induced by the stimulating SN. However,GR82334(ith)did not completely antagonized the increase of DA content in ACG induced by electric stimulating SN. Conclusion The results indicated that there is connection between SN and the dopami-nergic nervous system in ACG,and SN afferent nociceptive signals can activate ACG dopaminergic neurons to release DA. Peripheral and central NK-1 receptors are involved in the process of significant increase of DA content in ACG induced by SN afferent signals. However,there are other central paths of SN information input to ACG to induce obvious increases of DA content,in which other neurotransmitters and receptors may be involved.

Objective To observe the clinical findings about the endothelial cell injury related to the genesis of inflammatory cytokines and coagulation.Methods A total of 70 critically ill patients with SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) between September 2009 and February 2010 were enrolled for a prospective and control study.According to diagnostic criteria of Sepsis/SIRS,the patients were divided into two groups:sepsis group (n =38) and SIRS group (n =32),and another 20 healthy volunteers served as control group.Patients in the sepsis group and SIRS group were matched by clinical signs of high blood pressure,diabetes and its complications.The demographics of patients including age,sex,body mass index (BMI),smoking and alcohol addict were comparable among the different groups.The 6 ml peripheral blood samples were collected within 24 h after admission to ICU for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the plasma levels of s-CD62P,TNF-α,and hsCRP.And variables of coagulation function such as platelet (PLT),prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),D-dimer and antithrombin-Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) were analyzed during 24 h after admission to ICU.Meanwhile sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of critically ill patients was evaluated.Data were expressed in mean ± standard deviation and were statistically analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 statistical software.The differences in plasma levels of s-CD62P of patients in each group were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test.The relationship between s-CD62P and inflammatory cytokines as well as with coagulation were determined by Pearson correlation analysis.Changes were considered as statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05.Results ① Compared with control group and SIRS group,the levels of s-CD62P,TNF-α and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly higher in sepsis group (P ＜ 0.05).② The plasma levels of D-dimer,PT,APTT in sepsis group and SIRS group were significantly higher than those in control group,while the platelet count (PLT) and the activity of AT-Ⅲ were obviously lower (P ＜ 0.05).③ In sepsis group,the plasma levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α positively correlated with PT,APTT,D-dimer,and negatively correlated with AT-Ⅲ,PLT (P ＜ 0.05).④ Plasma levels of s-CD62P were significantly correlated with plasma levels of TNF-α,hs-CRP,D-dimer,PT,APTT,whereas correlated negatively well with PLT,AT-Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The plasma s-CD62P concentration is elevated as a early biomarker in patients with sepsis,and it acted as one of pathogenic factors responsible for endothelial cell damage.Coagulation and mediators of inflammation promotes each other,aggravating the severity of the sepsis.The plasma s-CD62P may be the important factor associated with initiation of coagulation development and inflammatory reaction.

BACKGROUND:DCLK1 is a transmembrane microtubule-associated kinase in neurons after mitotic division, which may be the intestinal cancer stem cel marker. OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression and pathological significance of DCLK1 and Ki67 in colorectal cancer. METHODS: Expression of Ki67 and DCLK1 in 150 cases of colorectal cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method in contrast to normal colorectal mucosa, para-carcinoma tissue, and adenoma tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression rates of DCLK1 and Ki67 were 36.7% and 34.7% in cancer tissues, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal mucosa and adenoma. The expression of DCLK1 was associated with the location, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), while the expression of Ki67 was just associated with the depth of invasion (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the expression of DCLK1 and Ki67 (r=-0.460,P=0.000). The count of DCLK1+/Ki67-cels was about 2.01% in colorectal cancer tissues, and these cels mainly distributed at the bottom of intestinal mucosa base and common duct wal. DCLK1+/Ki67- cels were oval, the nuclei were large and deep-stained with prominent nucleolus, and there was rare nuclear fission and less cytoplasm. From the aspects of cel number, location, and cel morphology, DCLK1+/Ki67- cels are in line with the characteristics of cancer stem cels; therefore, DCLK1+/Ki67-can be used as a cancer stem cel marker of colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of the plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 100 patients with CHF were in?cluded in this study (CHF group), and 30 healthy persons were used as control group. CHF group was divided into heart func? tionⅡgrade (n=35),Ⅲgrade (n=32),Ⅳgrade (n=33) groups in accordance with New York Heart Association (NYHA). And CHF group was also divided into left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<0.4 grade (n=52) and LVEF≥0.4 grade (n=48) groups in accordance with LVEF of patients. The plasma GDF-15 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were detected by ELISA. The values of LVEF, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVDs) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were detected by echocardiography. The correlation of GDF-15, NYHA classifi?cation, BNP and index of echocardiography was analyzed between groups. Results Compared with control group, the levels of BNP, GDF-15, LVDd and LVDs were significantly higher in heart failure group, and values of LVEF and LVFS were sig?nificantly lower (P<0.05). The plasma levels of BNP, GDF-15, LVDd and LVDs were in turn increased in control group, LVEF≥0.4 grade group and LVEF<0.4 grade group. The plasma levels of LVFS were in turn decreased, in control group, LVEF≥0.4 grade group and LVEF<0.4 grade group (P<0.05). There were positive correlations between the plasma levels of GDF-15 and BNP, NYHA, LVDd and LVDs (r=0.524, 0.286, 0.453 and 0.531, P<0.05). The plasma level of GDF-15 was negatively correlated with LVEF and LVFS (r=-0.592,-0.587,P<0.05). Conclusion The plasma level of GDF-15 can be used as a new marker for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.