This study is to report the influence of conditions in spray drying process on physical and chemical properties and lung inhaling performance of Panax notoginseng Saponins - Tanshinone II A composite particles. According to the physical and chemical properties of the two types of components within the composite particles, three solvent systems were selected including ethanol, ethanol : acetone (9 : 1, v/v) and ethanol : acetone (4 : 1, v/v), and three inlet temperature: 110 degrees C, 120 degrees C, 130 degrees C to prepare seven different composite particle samples; each sample was characterized using laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) and atomic force microscope (AFM), and their aerodynamic behavior was evaluated by a Next Generation Impactor (NGI). The results indicate that under the conditions of using the mixed solvent system of ethanol--acetone volume ratio of 9 : 1, and the inlet temperature of 110 degrees C, the resulting composite particles showed rough surface, with more tanshinone II A distributing in the outer layer, such composite particles have the best lung inhaling performance and the fine particle fraction (FPF) close to 60%. Finally it is concluded that by adjusting the conditions in co-spray drying process, the distribution amount and existence form of tanshinone II A in the outer layer of the particles can be changed so that to enhance lung inhaling performance of the drug composite particles.

Objective To reduce the feasibility of combining the two fall assessment scales in nursing patients..Methods Two nurses were assigned to conduct the assessments among 60 senile patients using Morse assessment scale and Hendrich Ⅱassessment scale to screen patients with high-risk fall.Result The number of high-risk patients using Morse assessment scale was larger than that using Hendrich II assessment scale(P<0?05) Conclusions The combined use of Morse fall assessment scale and HendrichⅡfall assessment scale may make up the shortcomings of each other,assess the risk factors and predict the high risk factors.

AIM To investigate the effects of iptakalim hydrochloride(Ipt) on the association and dissociation kinetic processes of [ 3H]glibenclamide(Gli) binding with sulfonylurea receptor(SUR 2B ) of ATP sensitive potassium channel (K ATP ) in vascular smooth muscles derived from Wistar rats,and to compare the properties of Ipt with those of nucleotides. The interactions between Ipt and nucleotides were also determined. METHODS The experiments of the association and dissociation kinetic processes of K ATP blocker[ 3H]Gli binding with endothelium denuded aorta smooth muscles were used. RESRLTS (1)The specific bindings of[ 3H]Gli with SUR 2B were not displaced by Ipt at the concentrations of 10 pmol?L -1 ～ 0 5 mmol?L 1 . Ipt 100 ?mol?L -1 retarded the association kinetic process and accelerated the dissociation kinetic process of [ 3H]Gli binding with SUR 2B . (2)Opposite to Ipt, ATP 1 mmol?L -1 accelerated the association kinetic process and retarded the dissociation kinetic process of [ 3H]Gli binding with SUR 2B There was an interaction between ATP and Ipt in the modulation of [ 3H]Gli binding with SUR 2B . (3) Similar with Ipt, ADP 1 mmol?L -1 retarded the association kinetic process and accelerated the dissociation kinetic process of [ 3H]Gli binding with SUR 2B , there was an interaction between ADP and Ipt in the modulation of [ 3H]Gli binding with SUR 2B . (4)Different from ATP and ADP, UDP had no effect on the association and dissociation kinetic process of [ 3H]Gli binding with SUR 2B . And there was not interaction between UDP and Ipt. CONCLUSION Ipt had no affinity with the binding sites of K ATP blocker in SUR 2B , but had negative allosterical modulation on it. The modulatory properties of Ipt were opposite to those of ATP, similar with those of ADP and different from those of UDP. There were interactions between ATP, ADP and Ipt in the modulation of [ 3H]Gli binding with SUR 2B , but there was not interaction between UDP and Ipt.

Aim To investigate the effect of transduct-ed-hemeoxygenase-1 ( HO-1 ) protein on brain ischemi-a-reperfusion ( I/R ) rat hippocampal neurons injury. Methods 11 R ( arginine residues )-fused HO-1 pro-tein was established and 50 male Mongolian gerbils were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n=10 ):I/R ( control group ) , I/R + 5 mg · kg-1 saline group ( group S ) , I/R + 5 mg · kg-1 11 R group ( group R), I/R + 5mg·kg-1 11R-HO-1 group (group H1) and I/R + 25 mg · kg-1 11 R-HO-1 group ( group H2). For I/R experiments, ischemia was induced for 5 min by occluding the common carotid arteries bilater-ally with aneurysm clips under Ketamine anesthesia. The experiment was conducted after the neurons were intraperitoneally injected with 5mg·kg-1 saline,11R , 11R-HO-1,or 25mg · kg-1 11R-HO-1 for 3 h. The rats were killed after 24h of reperfusion. Hippocampus was removed immediately for determination of cAMP level, neuronal apoptotic rate, and expression of HO-1 and Caspase-3 protein, mitochondria was observed un-der electron microscope. Results Among group C, group S and group R,there were no differences in the expressions of HO-1, Caspase-3 protein, cAMP level , neuronal apoptotic rate and mitochondria damage ( P>0. 05). Compared with group C, group S and group R, the expression of HO-1 protein was up-regulated, the expression of Caspase-3 protein was down-regula-ted, cAMP level increased, the apoptotic rate was sig-nificantly decreased and mitochondria damage de-creased in group H1 ( P < 0. 01 ) . Compared with group H1 , the expression of HO-1 protein was up-regu-lated, the expression of Caspase-3 protein was down-regulated, cAMP level increased, the apoptotic rate was significantly decreased and mitochondria damage decreased in group H2 ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Transducted-HO-1 protein can attenuate brain ischemi-a-reperfusion rat hippocampal neurons injury.

BACKGROUND: The key of tissue engineered blood vessel research depends on the appropriate scaffolds. The porcine vascular tubes have frequently been used as candidates for tissue engineering vessel construction, but high immunogenicity and poor mechanical strength limit its application for tissue engineering scaffolds.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a novel tissue engineered vascular scaffold with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility using acellular porcine aorta matrix.METHODS: Porcine aorta was decellularized and modified by thermal cross-linking to improve the mechanical strength and biodegradation properties and to prepare acellular porcine aorta matrix scaffolds. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of histological sections and biomechanical tests were performed to assess the decellularization effects and the mechanical strength of the vascular matrix respectively. Vascular endothelial cells from human umbilical cord veins were isolated and seeded on the acellular matrix scaffolds and cultured in vitro. The biocompatibility was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the porcine aorta was treated by 1% Triton X-100 solution for 84 hours, the vessel was fully decellularized, and the architecture of matrix was well preserved. The acellular vascular matrix demonstrated improved biomechanical properties after modification by thermal cross-linking under vacuum at 120 °C for 12 hours. Its tensile strength reached 1.70 MPa. After 7 days of in vitro culture, the seeded endothelial cells formed a typical vascular endothelial layer structure on the surface of acellular matrix, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results proved that acellular vascular matrix of porcine aorta could maintain the morphology and structure of natural vessels, its mechanical strength could be greatly improved after successive freeze-drying and thermal cross-linking. A good compatibility between the acellular matrix and endothelial cells of umbilical vein is also achieved.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect and safety of intra -abdominal beacizumab bead sheet resistance combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in treatment of ovarian cancer perito-neal effusion.Methods 60 patients with ovarian cancer peritoneal effusion in Binzhou Central Hospital from June 2012 to July 2015 were randomly divided into two groups.30 cases in the control group were treated with intraperito-neal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy, while 30 patients in the observation group were given intra-abdominal beacizumab bead sheet resistance combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.The short-term effica-cy,toxicity and quality of life were compared.Results The effective rate of the observation group was 73.33%, which was significantly higher than 53.33% in the control group,the difference was significant (χ2 =8.55,P<0.05).In the two groups, there were no significant differences on thrombocytopenia, reduced white blood cells and hemoglobin,nausea,vomiting and abdominal pain (χ2 =1.07,1.87,0.90,1.51,2.88 , all P >0 .0 5 ) .The improvement rate of life quality of the observation group was 76.67%,which was significantly higher than 50.00%of the control group,the difference was significant (χ2 =8.06,9.31,all P<0.05).Conclusion Intra-abdominal beacizumab bead sheet resistance combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy has remarkable curative effect in treatment of ovarian cancer peritoneal effusion,with high safety,and can significantly improve the quality of life of patients,that is suitable for clinical application.

AIM: To investigate the regulatory effects of nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) on the expression of ectopic trypsin and proinflammatory cytokines in influenza A virus (IAV)-induced myocardi-tis.METHODS:Male BALB/c mice of 8 weeks old ( n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group ( NC) , infection control group ( IC) , NF-κB inhibitor group ( NI) and AP-1 inhibitor group ( AI) .The mice in NC group and IC group were instilled intranasally with 15μL saline and 40 plaque forming units ( PFU) IAV, respectively.The mice in NI group and AI group were infected intranasally with 40 PFU IAV and injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ( PDTC) or 2.5 mg/kg AP-1 inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid ( NDGA) once daily. The mice were euthanized at day 9 after instillation, and the hearts were removed for pathological and biochemical analysis. RESULTS:IAV infection induced significant up-regulation of ectopic trypsin, and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the myocardium, and triggered acute myocarditis.PDTC signifi-cantly inhibited NF-κB activation and up-regulation of ectopic trypsin and proinflammatory cytokines, and effectively sup-pressed IAV replication and myocardial inflammatory response (P<0.01).NDGA effectively inhibited AP-1 activity (P<0.01) and mildly suppressed up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines ( P<0.05) , but had no effects on the expression of ectopic trypsin, IAV replication and the extent of myocarditis ( P>0.05) .CONCLUSION:IAV infection induces up-regulation of ectopic trypsin and proinflammatory cytokines in myocardium predominantly by the activation of NF-κB.AP-1 signaling pathway might be only partially involved in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of serum levels of transforming growth factor-31 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP).Methods The serum levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-αin 50 cases with HDCP and 30 cases of normal third trimester pregnant women(control group) were detected by ELISA.50 cases with HDCP were divided into gestational hypertension group,mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia group according to the severity of HDCP.Results The serum levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in HDCP patients were significantly higher than the control group (t =13.283,13.607,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-α gradually increased with the aggravating of HDCP disease,the serum levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-αwere significantly different among the three subgroups of HDCP(P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of TGF-β1,TNF-α were positively correlated with the severity of HDCP (r =0.575,0.512,all P ＜ 0.05),there was significantly positive correlation between the serum TGF-β1 and TNF-α(r =0.515,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-α were high in the HDCP patients,the high levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-α can reflect the changes and development of HDCP disease.The abnormal levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-α may be associate with dysfunction of trophoblast cell.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of sport walking on heart and lungs functions in old women.MethodsForty-two old women aged from 60 to 69 had sport walking for 4 months; the speed and intensity were controlled according to their heart rate respectively. The indexes of respiration, circulation and rheoencephalography were measured before and after exercise.ResultsAfter exercise, blood-pumping function of heart improved obviously, stroke volume increased from (65.22±11.41)ml to (72.10± 10.78)ml, ejection fraction increased from (60.10±5.03)% to (68.78±6.25)%, while heart rate declined from (77.45±8.69) times/min to (7.89±8.21)times/min, capacity increased from (2.86±0.36)L to (3.34±0.53)L, and maximal voluntary ventilation for every minute increased from (96.14± 15.21)L to (114.02±16.01)L, significantly different compared with that before treatment ( P<0.01). The fluid time of rheoencephalography reduced from (0.171±0.058)s to (0.128±0.049)s ( P<0.01).ConclusionSport walking under proper intensity can improve the function of respiration and circulation system in old women, so it is a good way to keep health for the elders.

OBJECTIVE: In order to select the proper size of prosthesis ball head, the biomechanical changes of hip joint using different diameter prosthesis ball head was studied by three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: The thin-layer CT data and related parameters of artificial femoral head prosthesis were used to establish the finite element model of hip joint after artificial femoral head replacement with different ball diameter of prosthesis(M0:preoperative model;M1:ball head diameter=original femoral head diameter;M2:ball head diameter=original femoral head diameter+1 mm;M3:Ball head diameter= Original femoral head diameter -1 mm;M4:ball head diameter =original femoral head diameter -2 mm). Loading the joint forces and related muscle loads were loaded, and the stress distribution and change of bone and cartilage around acetabulum were analyzed by simulating the standing state of one foot when walking slowly. RESULTS: (1) In M1 to M4, the stress concentration in pelvis was different. The peak value of Von Mises stress in the pelvis of M3 was 44.8 MPa, which was the closest to that before operation, with an increment of 13.4%. The displacement of the pelvis of M3 was the smallest in the four groups after operation, with an increment of 1.40 mm. The next was M1, with a peak value of 47.3 MPa, with an increment of 19.7%, and a pelvic displacement of 1.59 mm. (2) In acetabulum area, the peak value of Von Mises stress in M3 was 23.3 MPa, which was the closest to that before operation, with an increment of about 6.3%, followed by M1, with a peak value of 24.0 MPa and an increment of about 8.1%. (3) On the acetabulum cartilage, the stress distribution of M1 and M3 was similar to that before operation, and the peak value of Von Mises stress of M3 was 18.5 MPa, which was the closest to that before operation, followed by M1, which was 22.5 MPa. (4) M1 to M4 showed different degree of stress concentration in the outer upper quadrant of the artificial femoral head, but showed stress shielding under it;among them, the von Mises stress distribution of M3 was more uniform than that of other models, and its peak value (70.8 MPa) was the lowest in each group, followed by M1 (80.7 MPa). CONCLUSION When femoral head replacement is performed, it is suggested that the prosthesis ball head with the diameter less than 1 mm and the prosthesis ball head with the same diameter as the original femoral head should be used first, so as to obtain the closest natural mechanical characteristics of the hip joint before the replacement and reduce the risk of complications caused by size differences.
Femur Head ; Finite Element Analysis ; Hip Joint ; Hip Prosthesis ; Stress, Mechanical