The afsRS(cla) global regulatory genes from Streptomyces clavuligerus activate the production of two antibiotics in Streptomyces lividans. In this study, we gained an increase of 38% in the production of natamycin (3.56 g/L) in an industrial strain Streptomyces gilvosporeus TZ1401 through the integration of pHL851 that bears the afsRS(cla) global regulatory genes into its genome. We discovered by quantitive real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) that the expression of 6 genes of the natamycin biosynthetic gene cluster were improved from 1.9 to 2.7 times. This suggests that afsRS(cla) improve the production of natamycin through increased transcription. This study provides a good example for applying afsRS(cla) in high yield breeding of industrial antibiotic producers.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; biosynthesis ; Genes, Regulator ; Industrial Microbiology ; Multigene Family ; Natamycin ; biosynthesis ; Streptomyces ; genetics

Background:Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common disease,its incidence is related to geographic environment and race. Studies reported on epidemiology of GERD in minority groups are rare. Aims:To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of GERD in She population in Ningde. Methods:Three natural villages of She population in Ningde were selected for undergoing the cluster random sampling method. GERD was diagnosed by gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire(GerdQ)with score ≥8,and questionnaire was used to detect the prevalence and risk factors of GERD. Results:A total of 936 residents completed the questionnaire,and 89 were diagnosed as GERD, the prevalence was 9. 50% . Univariate analysis showed that the risk of GERD was significantly increased in She population with body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/ m2 ,intake of strong tea or oily diet(P all < 0. 01). Multivariate analysis showed that BMI ≥24 kg/ m2(OR = 3. 022,95% CI:1. 917-4. 765),intake of strong tea(OR = 2. 145,95% CI:1. 338-3. 438) and oily diet(OR = 2. 016,95% CI:1. 208-3. 318)were the risk factors of GERD. Conclusions:The prevalence of GERD is high in She population in Fujian Province,and the etiology may be related to overweight and diet habit.

Objective To investigate the activation, distribution, origin, and expression of hepatic stem cells(HSC)in different histological types of primary liver carcinomas. Methods The histological and immunohistochemical features of 94 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 12 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and 10 cases of mixed hepatocarcinoma were examined by HE staining and immunohistochemistry SP method, with 5 cases of sclerotic liver and 4 cases of normal liver tissues as control. Results HSC expression was observed and the transfor mation from HSC to carcinoma cell was also noted in the liver. CK7, CK19, c-kit, Thy-1, and AFP were found expressed in different types of hepatic carcinomas and the greatest intensive expression was found in the mixed hepatocarcinoma (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of neurochemical metabolism in hippocampus with memory function in young adult patients with first-episode depression.

METHODSTwenty patients with first-episode depression (patient group) and fifteen health subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. The neurochemical metabolism, including the levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr), Myoinositol (mI) were measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscope (1H-MRS) in bilateral hippocampus. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were used to examine the memory function in both groups.

RESULTSThe memory quotient (89.15 ±6.62) of patient group was significantly lower than that of controls (P <0.01),the scores of long-term memory,short-term memory and immediate memory in patients were also lower than those of controls (P<0.05 or 0.01). In patient group, the ratio of NAA/Cr (1.34 ±0.08) in the left hippocampus was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01); and the ratio of mI/Cr in the bilateral hippocampus [(0.63 ±0.13) in left and (0.6 ±0.1) in right] was significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). In patient group,the ratio of NAA/Cr in the left hippocampus was positively correlated with WMS scores (P<0.01), and the ratio of mI/Cr in the left hippocampus was negatively correlated with WMS scores (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe memory deficit and abnormal metabolism function of neuron cell in hippocampus coexist in young adult patients with first-episode depression, and the lower NAA/Cr and higher mI/Cr ratio in the left hippocampus may result in the memory deficit.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aspartic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Creatine ; metabolism ; Depressive Disorder ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Young Adult

Relative Risk ( RR), Hazard Ratio ( HR), and Odds Ratio ( OR) are commonly used statistical measures in the field of public health to assess the magnitude of the effect of exposure factors on outcomes. These indicators have different calculation principles and implications in public health. However, a few researchers misused or misinterpreted RR, HR, and OR values when interpreting study results. Therefore, this article explores the relationships and differences among these measures, as well as the correct selection and application of RR, HR, and OR in both cohort study and case-control study.

Relative Risk ( RR), Hazard Ratio ( HR), and Odds Ratio ( OR) are commonly used statistical measures in the field of public health to assess the magnitude of the effect of exposure factors on outcomes. These indicators have different calculation principles and implications in public health. However, a few researchers misused or misinterpreted RR, HR, and OR values when interpreting study results. Therefore, this article explores the relationships and differences among these measures, as well as the correct selection and application of RR, HR, and OR in both cohort study and case-control study.

A total of 280 patients with varicose veins of lower extremities who were prescribed stretch socks as pressure therapy in the outpatient clinic of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from September 2019 to November 2019 were included in the study. Among 280 patients 208 were followed up for one year(74.3%), 139 cases (66.8%) gave up wearing stretch socks and 69 cases (33.2%) insisted to wear. The main reasons for giving up wearing were feeling too tight (23.1%), too much troubles (17.7%), symptom improvement (15.1%), poor effect (10.8%) and so on. The compliance of wearing stretch socks as pressure therapy in outpatients with varicose veins of lower extremities is poor with a variety of reasons, the data may provide a reference for improving clinical compliance in the future.

Objective:To analyze the association between air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods:AF patients aged between 40-69 years old registered in the United Kingdom Biobank from 2006 to 2010 were included. After excluding those lost to follow-up or with incomplete data during follow-up, 5 814 subjects were analyzed. Long-term exposure to air pollution was estimated at the geocoded residential address of each participant. Genetic risk scores for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke were constructed separately for each object to assess the corresponding genetic susceptibility. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the association between air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in AF patients.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, there were 929 of all-cause mortality (15.98%) and 1 772 of cardiovascular events (30.48%). Multivariable-adjusted analyses revealed that higher exposure to PM 2.5, PM 10, NO x, and NO 2 was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke, with hazard ratios ( HRs) ranging from 1.26 to 1.48. Specifically, for each interquartile range ( IQR) increase in PM 2.5 exposure, the HRs for the outcomes mentioned above were 1.33 (95% CI: 1.14-1.54), 1.42 (95% CI: 1.31-1.54), 1.46 (95% CI: 1.30-1.64), and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.27-1.61), respectively. Both NO x and NO 2 exposures were associated with a 9% increased risk of all-cause mortality per IQR increment, with corresponding HRs of 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02-1.17) and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01-1.17), respectively. Individuals with high genetic susceptibility to AF had a higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke compared to those with low genetic susceptibility, with corresponding HRs of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.04-1.87) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.09-1.95), respectively. Compared to AF patients with low air pollution exposure, those with high air pollution exposure have adjusted population attributable fractions of up to 33.57% (95% CI: 17.87%-46.26%) for cardiovascular mortality, 28.61% (95% CI: 20.67%-35.75%) for heart failure, 33.35% (95% CI: 20.97%-43.79%) for myocardial infarction, and 42.29% (95% CI: 30.05%-52.71%) for stroke. Furthermore, there was an additive interaction between PM 2.5, NO x, and NO 2 exposure and high genetic susceptibility on the incidence of myocardial infarction. An additive interaction was also observed between NO x, NO 2 exposure, and high genetic susceptibility on the incidence of heart failure (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Both air pollution and genetic susceptibility increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in AF patients.

In recent years , there are increasing articles concerning Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV+LPD), and the name of EBV +LPD is used widely.However,the meaning of EBV+LPD used is not the same , which triggered confusion of the understanding and obstacles of the communication.In order to solve this problem.Literature was reviewed with combination of our cases to clarify the concept of EBV +LPD and to expound our understanding about it .In general, it is currently accepted that EBV +LPD refers to a spectrum of lymphoid tissue diseases with EBV infection , including hyperplasia , borderline lesions , and neoplastic diseases .According to this concept , EBV+LPD should not include infectious mononucleosis ( IM ) and severe acute EBV infection ( EBV +hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, fatal IM, fulminant IM, fulminant T-cell LPD), and should not include the explicitly named EBV+lymphomas ( such as extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma , aggressive NK cell leukemia , Burkitt lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma , etc.) either.EBV +LPD should currently include: ( 1 ) EBV +B cell-LPD:lymphomatoid granulomatosis , EBV +immunodeficiency related LPD , chronic active EBV infection-B cell type, senile EBV +LPD, etc.(2) EBV +T/NK cell-LPD:CAEBV-T/NK cell type, hydroa vacciniforme, hypersensitivity of mosquito bite, etc.In addition, EBV+LPD is classified, based on the disease process , pathological and molecular data , as 3 grades:grade1, hyperplasia ( polymorphic lesions with polyclonal cells ); grade 2, borderline ( polymorphic lesions with clonality ); grade 3, neoplasm (monomorphic lesions with clonality).There are overlaps between EBV +LPD and typical hyperplasia, as well as EBV+LPD and typical lymphomas .However , the most important tasks are clinical vigilance , early identification of potential severe complications , and treating the patients in a timely manner to avoid serious complications , as well as the active treatment to save lives when the complications happened .

Objective To investigated the changes of angiopoietin-like protein 2(Angptl2) in patients with arteriosclerotic occlusion (ASO). Methods A total of 140 subjects including 75 ASO patients (ASO group) and 65 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. Angptl2 and adiponectin were evaluated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biochemical data and high sensitive C reactive protein were measured and recorded as well. Results Compared to the control group,the ASO group presented with significantly higher level of plasma Angptl2 [(13.55±9.17) μg/L vs. (9.04±4.79) μg/L,P=0.010]. Plasma Angptl2 level of critical limb ischemia subjects was significantly higher than that of intermittent claudication subjects [(17.01±10.20)μg/L vs. (10.53±6.97) μg/L,P=0.003]. The best diagnostic cutoff value of Angptl2 was 13.67 μg/L,with a sensitivity of 60.34% and a specificity of 81.25%. In addition,type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with ASO exhibited significantly higher serum Angptl2 levels [(18.67±9.84)μg/L] than those without ASO [(13.01±3.47) μg/L] (P=0.021). In ASO group,serum Angptl2 levels were negatively correlated with ankle brachial index (r=-0.244,P=0.035). Conclusion The plasma level of Angptl2 increases in ASO patients. Its level is remarkably increased when the disease progressions to critical limb ischemia. Angptl2 can be a potential biological marker of disease progression.