We explored some teaching methods about bilingual teaching in drug toxicology and proposed several suggestions for the bilingual teaching in the future.

We explored the construction of practical teaching system in pharmaceutical spe-cialty and proposed several suggestions for the improvement of the practical teaching system.

Objective:To examine the discriminatory potential of the ADAS-Cog, Chinese version for mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods:Patients with AD (199 mild AD and 106 moderate AD) meeting the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria of probable AD were recruited. The Chinese version of ADAS-Cog was administered to all AD subjects. Results:The total score of ADAS-Cog and the score of each ADAS-Cog item differed significant-ly between mild and moderate AD groups, with higher scores in moderate AD group. GLM analysis showed insignifi-cant influence of age or educational level on the ADAS-Cog total score. These results indicated that ADAS-Cog could represent the distinctive profiles of cognitive impairment between mild and moderate AD. The results of Logis-tic regression analysis showed that the item score of orientation and constructional praxis as well as the ADAS-Cog total score could classify mild and moderate AD efficiently, with a sensitivity of 78% - 82% and a specificity of 70% - 73%. Conclusion:Our results indicate that the Chinese version of ADAS-Cog is useful for staging of AD. It is recom-mended that the Chinese version of ADAS-Cog be introduced for monitoring the AD drug therapeutic efficacy on cognitive impairment among Chinese AD patients.psychiatry Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in a community center in Beijing. METHOD: We randomly investigated a community with 13 900 inhabitents in Beijing by means of questionnaire survey. RESULT: A total of 2000 questionnaires was send out, and 1988 of them were collected, which included 952 males and 1036 females (age: 1 to 96 years old, 128 cases are younger than 14 years old. Among of them, 194 cases (9.76%) were diagnosed as having AR according to epidemiologic definition, including 14 children. The prevalence of AR was 9.68% in adults, with male 10.21% and female 9.18%, 10.94% in children. The prevalence in male are slightly higher than in female both with adults and children but without statistic significance. CONCLUSION The survey showed the incidence of AR in Beijing are 9.76% in population, adults 9.68%, children (younger than 12) 10.94%. AR patients are more likely to have other allergic diseases.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Sex Distribution ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To observe and analyze the changes of inflammatory cytokines levels in patients with progressive cerebral infarction (PCI ).Methods The patients with progressive cerebral infarction (progressive cerebral infarction group),the patients with non-progressive cerebral infarction(non progressive cerebral infarction group)and the healthy individuals(control group)were selected as the research subjects.Sixty individuals were included in each group.The levels of IL-8,hs -CRP,SAA of the research subjects were detected and observed. Results The levels of IL -8[(201.89 ±46.41)mg/L],hs -CRP[(16.55 ±4.49)mg/L],SAA[(20.65 ± 4.17 )mg/L]of the progressive cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those of non -progressive cerebral infarction group[(132.02 ±40.26 )mg/L,(8.09 ±4.06)mg/L and (15.35 ±4.07 )mg/L).]The differ-ences were statistically significant (t=4.289,P=0.000;t=2.276,P=0.006 and t=2.269,P=0.031).Compared with the control group[(50.70 ±31.14 )mg/L,(0.70 ±0.11 )mg/L and (5.15 ±2.21)mg/L],the levels of IL-8, hs-CRP,SAA in the progressive cerebral infarction group and non -progressive cerebral infarction group were significantly higher on the first day (PCI group vs control:t=3.614,P=0.000;t=3.406,P=0.007;t=2.559, P=0.009;NPCI group vs control:t=3.602,P=0.000;t=3.181,P=0.009;t=1.520,P=0.026).Conclusion The changes of the inflammatory factors levels such as IL-8,hs-CRP,SAA have certain predicative value on the development of the PCI.

Objective:To study the quality standard for Herba Desmodii,and provide the scientific basis for a reasonable method of quality control. Methods:With the methods of microscopic identification,thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography for the qualitative and quantitative determination of Herba Desmodii,the ethanol soluble extracts,moisture content and total ashes of Herba Desmodii were determined. Results:The characteristics of thin-layer chromatography were obvious;a good lineari-ty of quercetin and kaempferol was within the range of 0. 002-0. 050 μg(r=1. 000 0)and 0. 004-0. 100 μg(r=0. 999 9)with the av-erage recovery of 97.89%(RSD=0.89%,n=6)and 98.93%(RSD=1.31%,n=6),respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,which can effectively control the quality of Herba Desmodii.

Objective: To discuss the quality control method and index of traditional She medicine -Melastoma dodecandrum. Methods:The contents of gallic acid , ellagic acid and total flavonoids ( the total amount of quercetin and kaempferol) were deter-mined by HPLC. Water content, acid insoluble ash content, extract, heavy metals and harmful elements in 26 batches of herbs were also detected. Results:The content range of gallic acid, ellagic acid and total flavonoids was 9. 84-26. 31 mg·g-1 , 4. 13-16. 11 mg· g-1 and 1. 31-38. 28 mg · g-1 , respectively. The content range of water, acid insoluble ash and extract was 6. 70%-13. 90%, 1. 05%-6. 20% and 18. 00%-40. 80%, respectively. The content of Pb in all the samples was more than 5 ppm, the number of sam-ples with the content of Cd above ten thousand three was 7, and the content of As, Hg and Cu in all the samples was less than 1 ppm, ten thousand one and 20 ppm, respectively. Conclusion:The contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid and total flavonoids can comprehen-sively reflect the content of active ingredients in Melastoma dodecandrum. The contents of acid insoluble ash, Pb and Cd in Melastoma dodecandrum are relative high, which should be studied further to draw up reasonable limit.

Objective To investigate the distribution pattern of the ADAS-Cog scores among the elderly in Beijing and to evaluate the application of ADAS-Cog in distinguishing patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy elderly. Methods In total, 1616 healthy elderly (NC), 125 elderly patients with non-AD disorders (ND), and 310 patients with probable AD including 201 patients with mild AD and 109 patients with moderate AD (by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria) were recruited in the study and their cognitive performance was measured by the ADAS-Cog.Results In NC group, those older than 80 years and those with less than 5 years schooling scored highest. There was statistically significant correlation between the total scores of the ADAS-Cog and age and duration of schooling in NC group (F=14.34, 113.27,both P<0.01). No correlation was suggested in the mild AD group. The total score of ADAS-Cog was significantly associated with duration of schooling in both moderate AD and ND groups (F=4.18, 8.72, both P<0.05). The total score of ADAS-Cog differentiated the patients with mild AD from NC healthy elderly with AUC ranging from 0.69 to 0.82 in each subgroup by age, and from 0.75 to 0.88 in subgroups by durations of schooling with the highest AUC of 0.88 in the subgroup having more than 15 years of schooling education. Conclusions The ADAS-Cog score in the healthy elderly is significantly associated with age and duration of schooling education. The ADAS-Cog can be applied in the cognitive assessment of Chinese AD patients. The total score of ADAS-Cog could efficiently differentiate patients with mild AD from healthy elderly, especially in subjects with higher education level.

Objective To observe the protective effects of Diemailing Injection(DMLI) on experimental myocardial infarction in rats and its mechanism.Methods The experimental myocardial infarction model was induced by left anterior descending coronary occulusion for 24 h in rats.The rats were randomly divided into sham group,myyocardial infaction model group,DMLI groups with different doses(2.5,5.0,10.0 mL?kg~(-1))(n=20).The changes of myocardial infarction size(MIS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),actate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine phosphokinase(CK),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in serum,endothelin(ET) and angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) levels in plasma,and low shearing specific viscosity,middle shearing specific viscosity and high shearing specific viscosity of blood and specific viscosity of plasma were determined.At the same time,myocardial free fatty acid(FFA) contents of infarction and noninfarction area were determined.Results In rats treated by DMLI(in doses of 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mL?kg~(-1) i.v after coronary occulusion),the MIS was significantly reduced(P

Objective To study the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus saponins (ASS) on organ blood flow and vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs.Methods The cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral vascular resistance(CVR),peripheral blood flow(PBF),peripheral vascular resistance(PVR),blood pressure(SDP and DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured using the MF-27 electromagnetic flowmeter.Results ASS(15 and 30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) augmented CBF and PBF,decreased CVR and PVR within 180 min and slowed down HR at 60-180 min.In addition,ASS(30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) could obviously reduce SBP and DBP.Conclusion Protective effect of ASS on experimental cerebral ischemia may be related to improving cerebral circulation and increasing cerebral blood supplyment.