Objective To observe the anatomical constant sign of the parapharyngeal space operation via endoscopy-assisted transoral approach,and provide evidence for the treatment of the lesions of the pharyngeal space and improve the success rate of the operation. Methods CT multi plane reconstruction and three dimensional reconstruction were performed on 10 fresh dead bodies who were acquired from January 2015 to September 2015,the structure of the lateral pharyngeal space was observed,and the parapharyngeal space operation was performed via endoscopy-assisted transoral approach.Results The CT images showed that dispharynx of very low density extended posterior-lateral into the pharyngeal recess,lateral pharyngeal space located in the lateral pharyngeal recess,a low density triangular shadow with a nar-row of the front and width in the back,wing within muscles,wing outside muscles,masseter and temporal muscle located in the lateral pharyn-geal side clearance,which showed a medium density shadow,styloid process located in the front shadow of pharynx side clearance,the back of the internal carotid artery of pharynx side clearance,which showed medium density shadow.The blood vessels in the pharyngeal space and the nerve development was not clear.Stem styloid located in the temporal bone of the skull base drum subordinates,with length of (24.98 ± 2.01)mm,the internal structures of parapharyngeal space located in styloid process and around the surface of the deep muscular,the outside of styloid process had external carotid artery,facial nerve and mastoid.Inside of the base of styloid process had jugular vein foramen and hypo-glossal canal outside hole,the front inner side had carotid canal outside hole,the foramen spinosum,and oval foramen,the rear with stem hole.The distance between left and right side of root of styloid process to adjacent structures was compared,and the difference had no statisti-cal significance(P >0.05).In addition to the root of the styloid process to stylomastoid foramen.The difference of root of styloid process of males to adjacent structure was greater than that of the females,the difference had statistical significance(P <0.05).Conclusion Endo-scopic-assisted transoral approach to the parapharyngeal space operation hasthe styloid process as the marks of anatomy,the distance of styloid process to adjacent anatomical structures is as the reference,which helps to find and identify the parapharyngeal space of peripheral nerve, blood vessel,etc.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and key points in treatment of ovarian torsion in children. Methods The clinical data of 64 children with ovarian torsion, hospitalized in our hospital from January 2005 to October 2012, were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations in children of all ages were summarized. The anal examina-tion, B ultrasound examination, CT examination were used for the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion. All children were per-formed laparoscopic surgical exploration. All children were found the typical lower abdominal cramps. The B ultrasound and CT examination showed non-homogeneous mass in pelvic, which suggested the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion. The detec-tion rate of anal examination reached 70.3%(45/64). Results All patients were performed laparoscopic surgical explora-tion. Five patients were treated with ovariectomy. The rest were treated conservatively. The postoperative follow-up was good. Conclusion Ovarian torsion in children was likely to be misdiagnosed. Doppler, CT, anal examination and laparo-scopic operation were important for the early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian torsion.

Background and purpose:Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the most common somatic genetic aberrations in prostate cancer in Western countries and is frequently associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of PTEN protein loss in Chinese prostate cancer patients and to determine its association with the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.Methods:The data from 225 diagnosed localized prostate cancer patients with radical prostatectomy from 2006 to 2011 were collected retrospectively, including patient’s age at diagnosis, prostate-speciifc antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, Gleason score, clinical stage, surgical margin, and time to biochemical recurrence or not. This study performed PTEN protein immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, which were made from 225 Chinese prostate cancer patients mentioned above, treated by radical prostatectomy with one case including 2 cancer spots and 2 adjacent normal gland spots. Correlations of PTEN loss with clinicopathological features were analyzed usingχ2 test. Kaplan-Meier survival model and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to evaluate the predictive role of PTEN protein expression and patient characteristics for biochemical recurrence. Results:PTEN protein loss was observed in 15% of the patients and was associated with increased preoperative PSA levels (P=0.03) and old age (P=0.009). In univariate Kaplan–Meier analysis, the factors associated with the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer included PSA levels (P=0.000 4), Gleason sum (P=0.019 8), and PTEN status (P=0.013 1). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, PTEN expression (HR=0.536, P=0.044), PSA levels (HR=1.879, P=0.001), and Gleason score (HR=1.361,P=0.03) were signiifcant in predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.Conclusion:PTEN protein loss is associated with an increased risk of recurrence, independent of known clinicopathological factors.

Objective To improve the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution method for measuring the viability of Cistanche deserticola seeds and investigate the change in viability during storage at 5 ℃. Methods The effect of the testa,TTC concentration,sodium hypochlorite concentration (NaClO),and staining time were studied,and seed viability during storage at 5 ℃ was measured with the improved method. Results Seeds were kept for 48 h in 0.5% TTC solution at 40 ℃,and then for 2 h in 0.2% NaClO solution;Seed viability was measured under a stereomicroscope. Storing seeds of C. deserticola for 1 to 2 years at 5 ℃ had no significant effects on their viability. However,the percentage of seeds with high viability was increased with the extension of the storage time at 5 ℃. Conclusion A convenient and rapid method for measuring the viability of C. deserticola seeds is developed. Storing C. deserticola seeds at 5 ℃ could improve their viability

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma ( MCRCC) , and to im-prove the understanding of this disease. Methods Thirty-two of MCRCC were studied by clinic data, pathological features and immu-nophenotype. All the thirty-two cases were followed up. Results In this study, thirty-two patients were diagnosed as MCRCC with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2 : 1, thirteen of whom had the tumor in the left kidney, eighteen in the right kidney, another in the double kidneys. The mean of tumor diameter was 4.6 cm (1.0~8.0 cm). Eleven patients underwent radical nephrectomy while the other 21 patients received nephron sparing surgery. Microscopically, all the cases were multiocular, lined in the cyst wall by a single layer of tumor cells with the clear or pale cytoplasm and Fuhrman grade 1 nuclei. Occasionally, the lining consisted of several layers of tumor cells or a few small papillae were present. The linings of the cyst wall were rich in thin-wall blood vessels. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CK(32/32), CK7(25/32), EMA(32/32), CD10(23/32) and vimentin(20/32), while negative for CD68. Conclusions MCRCC is characteristic by low grade nuclei, lacking solid nodules, and in the cyst wall, and has a favourable prognosis. The rich in thin-wall blood vessels and the lining cells with the clear or pale cytoplasm are diagnosis clues.

Background and purpose:To perform whole mount technique in the diagnosis of the prostate cancer could provide orientation to the specimen. Whole mount technique has great value in pathologic diagnosis and morphological research. However, limited by the specimen-making technique, shortage of equipment and heavy workload, this technique has not been generally accepted in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the signiifcance of whole mount technique in the diagnosis of the prostate cancer by comparing the clinical and pathological variables between whole mount patients and conventional ones after radical prostatectomy (RP).Methods:A total number of 229 patients’ whole mount RP specimens were recruited in the study from Dec. 2012 to Feb. 2014. The control group included 393 patients’ specimens which underwent conventional sampling from Jan. 2010 to Jun. 2012. We compared the clinical and pathological variables between the groups, including age, preoperative PSA level, methods of diagnosis, preliminary diagnostic Gleason score, clinical T stage, postoperative Gleason score, pathological T stage, positive surgical margin, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis.Results:Two groups shared similar preoperative parameters. Also there was no signiifcant difference between the whole mount and the conventional sampling groups in postoperative Gleason score, pathological T stage, extraprostatic extension and pelvic lymph node metastasis. However, positive surgical margin and seminal vesicle invasion rates were much higher in the whole mount group than the control one and both of the differences reached statistical signiifcance (26.2%vs 17.6%, 23.1%vs 17.0%;P=0.010, 0.025)Conclusion:After compared the clinical and pathological variables, we could conclude that whole mount technique has prevalence in the diagnosis of the positive surgical margin and seminal vesicle invasion compared with the conventional sampling technique. Thus, whole mount technique should be strongly recommended in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Histiocytic necrotic lymphadenitis is known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD).KFD is a systemic disease,which is characterized by fever,necrotizing lymphadenopathy and leukopenia.However,involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system is rare.It can present as aseptic meningitis,encephalomyelitis,peripheral neuropathy,cerebellar ataxia and tremor,which makes it difficult to be differentiated with other nervous system diseases.Our review summarizes the clinical manifestations and differential diagnoses of KFD involving nervous system in order to reduce misdiagnoses and mistreatments.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of dynamic monitoring of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure[ptc(O2)],transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure[ptc(CO2)],ser-um amyloid A(SAA),and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in neonates with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods A total of 240 NRDS patients were selected as the research subjects and divided into BPD group(108 cases)and non-BPD group(132 cases)based on whether BPD occurred.The levels of ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 were compared between the two groups on the 1st,7th,and 14th day after birth.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each indicator and the degree of illness.The relative risk(RR)and 95％confidence interval(CI)were used to evaluate the impact of each indicator on BPD in NRDS patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy and clinical net benefit of each indicator for BPD.Results On the 1st day after birth,there were no statistically significant differ-ences in ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),serum SAA,and IL-6 levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).On the 7th and 14th day after birth,the ptc(O2)in the BPD group was lower than that in the non-BPD group,while the ptc(CO2)and serum SAA,IL-6 levels were higher than those in the non-BPD group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis results showed that the degree of BPD in children was nega-tively correlated with ptc(O2)on the 7th day after birth(r=-0.724,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth(r=0.635,0.830,0.715,P＜0.05).The degree of pulmonary dysfunction in children was negatively correlated with ptc(O2)on the 7th day after birth(r=-0.719,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth(r=0.673,0.756,0.696,P＜0.05).On the 7th day after birth,the ptc(O2)of BPD patients was negatively correlated with SAA and IL-6(r=-0.605,-0.623,P＜0.05),while ptc(CO2)was positively correlated with SAA and IL-6(r=0.618,0.650,P＜0.05).ROC curve showed that the combined prediction of ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth for NRDS complicated with BPD was better than the individual prediction of the four indicators,with an area under the curve of 0.938(95％CI,0.899 to 0.965).The risk of BPD in high-expression of ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 was 2.256,1.668,and 1.667 times higher than that in low-expression,respectively.The risk of BPD in high-expression of ptc(O2)was0.568 times higher than that in low-expression.The decision curve analysis showed that when the threshold value was within the range of 0.2 to 0.9,the combined model of ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 was superior to the individual prediction in predicting the net benefit rate of BPD in NRDS patients on the 7th day after birth.Conclusion The severity of NRDS complicat-ed with BPD is closely related to ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6,and the combined detection of the four indicators can help improve the predictive efficacy and net benefit rate of NRDS compli-cated with BPD.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of dynamic monitoring of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure[ptc(O2)],transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure[ptc(CO2)],ser-um amyloid A(SAA),and interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in neonates with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods A total of 240 NRDS patients were selected as the research subjects and divided into BPD group(108 cases)and non-BPD group(132 cases)based on whether BPD occurred.The levels of ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 were compared between the two groups on the 1st,7th,and 14th day after birth.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each indicator and the degree of illness.The relative risk(RR)and 95％confidence interval(CI)were used to evaluate the impact of each indicator on BPD in NRDS patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy and clinical net benefit of each indicator for BPD.Results On the 1st day after birth,there were no statistically significant differ-ences in ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),serum SAA,and IL-6 levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).On the 7th and 14th day after birth,the ptc(O2)in the BPD group was lower than that in the non-BPD group,while the ptc(CO2)and serum SAA,IL-6 levels were higher than those in the non-BPD group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis results showed that the degree of BPD in children was nega-tively correlated with ptc(O2)on the 7th day after birth(r=-0.724,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth(r=0.635,0.830,0.715,P＜0.05).The degree of pulmonary dysfunction in children was negatively correlated with ptc(O2)on the 7th day after birth(r=-0.719,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth(r=0.673,0.756,0.696,P＜0.05).On the 7th day after birth,the ptc(O2)of BPD patients was negatively correlated with SAA and IL-6(r=-0.605,-0.623,P＜0.05),while ptc(CO2)was positively correlated with SAA and IL-6(r=0.618,0.650,P＜0.05).ROC curve showed that the combined prediction of ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 on the 7th day after birth for NRDS complicated with BPD was better than the individual prediction of the four indicators,with an area under the curve of 0.938(95％CI,0.899 to 0.965).The risk of BPD in high-expression of ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 was 2.256,1.668,and 1.667 times higher than that in low-expression,respectively.The risk of BPD in high-expression of ptc(O2)was0.568 times higher than that in low-expression.The decision curve analysis showed that when the threshold value was within the range of 0.2 to 0.9,the combined model of ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6 was superior to the individual prediction in predicting the net benefit rate of BPD in NRDS patients on the 7th day after birth.Conclusion The severity of NRDS complicat-ed with BPD is closely related to ptc(O2),ptc(CO2),SAA,and IL-6,and the combined detection of the four indicators can help improve the predictive efficacy and net benefit rate of NRDS compli-cated with BPD.