Pressure sores result from many risk factors, which influence each other. In this paper, various aspects of the development of pressure sores in recent years were summarized, consisted of the main risk factors, pathogenesis, treatment and care methods. To control pressure sores should focus on prevention, and reflect the integrity and the target population.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and key points in treatment of ovarian torsion in children. Methods The clinical data of 64 children with ovarian torsion, hospitalized in our hospital from January 2005 to October 2012, were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations in children of all ages were summarized. The anal examina-tion, B ultrasound examination, CT examination were used for the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion. All children were per-formed laparoscopic surgical exploration. All children were found the typical lower abdominal cramps. The B ultrasound and CT examination showed non-homogeneous mass in pelvic, which suggested the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion. The detec-tion rate of anal examination reached 70.3%(45/64). Results All patients were performed laparoscopic surgical explora-tion. Five patients were treated with ovariectomy. The rest were treated conservatively. The postoperative follow-up was good. Conclusion Ovarian torsion in children was likely to be misdiagnosed. Doppler, CT, anal examination and laparo-scopic operation were important for the early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian torsion.

Objective To investigate the effects of selenium supplement on atherogenesis and endothelial function in ApoE-knockout mice fed high fat diet.Methods ApoE-knockout mice fed with selenium-deficient and high fat diet were randomly allocated into 3 groups based on random number table including control group (not supplied with sodium selenite,n =10),low dosage selenium supplement group (supplied water with 0.1 mg/L sodium selenite,n =10) and high dosage selenium supplement group (supplied water with 0.2 mg/L sodium selenite,n =10).After 15 weeks,the following values were measured:the concentrations of selenium in heart and liver,the levels of serum lipid,the parameters of antioxidant function including activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum,the parameters of endothelial function including serum nitric oxide (NO),endothelin 1(ET-1),and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels,and ET-1 and VEGF levels in aorta roots.The atherosclerotic lesions in aorta roots were analyzed with oil red O staining.Results (1) The selenium concentrations in heart and liver were significantly higher in high dosage and low dosage selenium supplement groups compared to control group (both P ＜ 0.05).(2) The levels of triglyceride,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar among groups (all P ＞ 0.05).(3) The activity levels of serum SOD were significantly higher in low dosage ((113.8 ± 12.5) U/ml) and high dosage selenium supplement group ((152.3 ± 11.3) U/ml) compared to control group ((90.7 ± 10.7) U/ml,all P ＜ 0.05).The activity levels of serum GSH-Px were significantly higher in low dosage ((53.9 ± 7.2) U/ml) and high dosage ((69.6 ± 8.7) U/ml) selenium supplement groups than that of control group ((36.4 ± 5.6) U/ml,all P ＜0.05).The serum MDA levels in low dosage ((4.73 ± 1.05) nmol/ml) and high dosage ((4.13 ± 1.21)nmol/ml) selenium supplement groups were significantly lower than that of control group ((5.97 ± 1.08) nmol/ml,all P ＜ 0.05).(4) The serum NO concentrations in low dosage ((61.5 ± 12.8) μmol/L) and high dosage ((79.0 ± 14.6) μmol/L) selenium supplement groups were significantly higher than that of control group((42.7 ± 9.1) μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum ET-1 in low dosage ((52.8 ±6.3)ng/L)and high dosage ((46.3 ±4.7)ng/L)selenium supplement groups were significantly lower than that of control group((72.2±6.3)ng/L,P ＜ O.05).The concentrations of serum VEGF in low dosage ((97.4 ± 16.5) ng/L) and high dosage ((83.5 ± 22.0) ng/L) selenium supplement groups were significantly lower than that of control group((125.8 ± 18.6) ng/L,P ＜0.05).The expression levels of ET-1 and VEGF in aorta roots among low dosage and high dosage selenium supplement groups were significantly lower compared to control group (all P ＜ 0.05).(5) The plaque area of aorta roots in low dosage ((0.95 ± 0.19)× 105 μm2) and high dosage selenium supplement ((0.75 ± 0.15) × 105 μm2) groups were significantly smaller than that of control group ((1.13 ± 0.23) × 105 μm2),and the plaque area in high dosage selenium supplement group was significantly smaller than in low dosage selenium supplement group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Supplement of selenium can attenuate atherogenesis in ApoE-knockout mice fed high fat diet,which is possibly mediated via reducing lipid peroxidation and improving endothelial functions.

Objective:To investigate the effects of mindfulness therapy on blood glucose control and quality of life in older adult patients with diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment.Methods:A total of 313 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment aged over 75 years who received treatment in Xinxiang First People's Hospital from August 2018 to July 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly allocated to the intervention group ( n = 157) and control group ( n = 156). All patients underwent treatments for diabetes mellitus and underlying diseases. The intervention group was subject to 8 weeks of mindfulness therapy. The percentage of patients with qualified glycosylated hemoglobin in human whole blood and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire score were compared between the two groups. The Pearson correlation was performed. Results:After 8 weeks of treatment, the percentage of patients with qualified glycosylated hemoglobin in human whole blood in the intervention group was 43.95%, which was significantly higher than the level (25.48%) at the recruitment and the level (30.77%) in the control group ( χ2 = 12.17, P = 0.002; χ2 = 5.80, P = 0.016). The quality of life score was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group [(72.16 ± 14.08) points vs. (64.37 ± 15.49) points, t = 4.65, P = 0.001]. Conclusion:Mindfulness therapy can regulate blood glucose level and improve quality of life in older adult patients with diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment.

In order to explore the effects of Coptis detoxification powder on immune suppression and inflammatory response caused by heat stress in animals,Bama pigs were used as experimental animals to establish an animal model of heat stress,and the effects of Coptis detoxification powder on transcriptional activation of TLRs mRNA in PBMC induced by heat stress and its mediated ex-pression of inflammatory factors were studied in vivo.The animal model of heat stress was estab-lished by artificial climate greenhouse,Chinese medicine"Coptis detoxification powder"was pre-pared,and its inhibitory effect on heat stress and inflammation was studied by preventive and therapeutic administration.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the transcriptional changes of HSP70,TLRs and IL-17 mRNA,and ELISA was used to determine the dynamic changes of serum IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-α.Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence(IFA)were used to determine the nuclear translocation and protein expression of p65 phosphoryl-ated protein in NF-κβ inflammatory factor pathway.The transcription of PBMC TLRs mRNA and its mediated inflammatory factor expression and function in Bama pigs under heat stress were sys-tematically analyzed.The results showed that the experimental animal model of Bama pigs under heat stress was successfully established,and heat stress significantly up-regulated the mRNA tran-scription levels of HSP70,TLR2,TLR4 and inflammatory factor IL-17,resulting in significantly enhanced expressions of serum inflammatory factors IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-α.The NF-κβ pathway significantly promoted the level of p65 nuclear phosphorylation and the expression of cytoplasmic protein.The Chinese medicine"Coptis detoxification powder"could significantly reduce the upreg-ulation effect of heat stress conditions on the transcription levels of HSP70 and TLRs mRNA,thus inhibiting the mRNA transcription of inflammatory factor IL-17 and the expression of IL-2,IL-6 and TNF-α in serum,and significantly antagonizing the transcriptional activity of NF-κβ caused by heat stress.It showed good anti-heat stress effect.The anti-inflammatory effects of Chinese veteri-nary medicine prescription"Coptis detoxification powder",its pathway of action and its effectors were investigated,the expression and secretion levels of the regulatory factors related to the path-way associated with TLRs mRNA inhibition were analyzed,and the functional effects and mecha-nism of its clinical anti-heat stress and anti-inflammatory effects were clarified,which laid a data foundation for the promotion and application of this prescription and related mechanism research.