ObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of the detection of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction.MethodsSeventy-two patients with diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction (diabetic cerebral infarction group),66 patients with cerebral infarction and without diabetes mellitus (non-diabetic cerebral infarction group) and 60 healthy persons (control group) from October 2008 to January 2011 were selected.The level of serum CRP was detceted.ResultsThe level of CRP was ( 3.81 ± 2.23 ) mg/L in diabetic cerebral infarction group,( 2.48 ± 2.24 ) mg/L in non-diabetic cerebral infarction group and (0.68±0.16) mg/L in control group.The levels of CRP in diabetic cerebral infarction group and non-diabetic cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The level of CRP in diabetic cerebral infarction group was obviously higher than that in non-diabetic cerebral infarction group(P ＜0.05).CRP abnormal rate was 70.8％(51/72) in diabetic cerebral infarction group and 43.9％ (29/66) in non-diabetic cerebral infarction group,which had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).ConcluslonCRP has important predictive value to the occurrence and development of diabetic cerebral infarction.

Objective To develop the measuring system used for the parameters of onboard oxygen supply equipment in the hypobaric chamber. Methods The programmable controller was applied to acquisition, processing and analysis of the data from the sensor. The host computer was used to accomplish control and information display. Results The system could display the parameters through digital, simulating meters, and recording curve. The numerical value in the recording curve was marked by the date and time. All data were saved in the computer for futural analysis and procession. Conclusion The measurement system of oxygen supply parameters can satisfy the desired requirements for the performance and precision.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and treatment of esophageal injury caused by button battery foreign bodies in children, then improve the diagnosis and management level of this hazardous problem of children. Methods 15 patients with esophageal injury caused by button battery foreign bodies were retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis. Results 12 button battery foreign bodies were removed successfully with rigid esophagoscope, 3 with electronic gastroscope. 12 cases occurred serious esophageal lesions, 10 patients were fully recovered after nasal feeding, anti-inflammatory and supporting therapy. Serious complication such as esophageal perforation occurred in 2 cases, one of them occurred tracheo-esophageal fistula. Conclusion Button battery embedded in the esophagus is easy to cause serious esophagus injury, early detection is the key of the management, and its prompt removal is mandatory. Button battery have a distinctive appearance on radiography, chest radiographs can be used as the first choice of diagnosis. The reasonable treatment can obtain better curative results and avoid serious complications according to the course of the disease and esophageal damage degree. Physicians must recognize the hazardous potential and serious implications such as esophageal perforation and tracheo-esophageal fistula.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of sleeve gastrectomy combined with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB) in improving the blood glucose of Goto-kakizaki (GK) rats.Methods According to the random meter method,the 28 GK rats were divided into 4 groups:sleeve gastrectomy with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB),sleeve gastrectomy (SG),modified jejunoileal bypass (MJIB) and sham operation (SHAM).The changes of weight,food intake,fasting blood glucose,oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),insulin tolerance test (ITT),plasma insulin and gastrointestinal hormonal (ghrelin and GLP-1) were monitored before and 16 weeks after surgery respectively.Results After surgery,the fasting blood glucose level in SG/MJIB group was obviously lower than that in SG,MJIB and SHAM groups (P＜0.05).From the 2nd week after surgery,OGTT of the SG/MJIB group was obviously improved compared to SG,MJIB,and SHAM groups (P＜0.02).In our post-op erative study,the insulin levels in SG/MJIB group were lower than those in SG,and SHAM groups (P＜0.05).Compared to MJIB and SHAM groups,ghrelin levels of SG/MJIB group were significantly decreased (P＜0.001),while GLP-1 levels of SG/MJIB group were higher than those of SG and SHAM groups (P＜0.01).Conclusions SG/ MJIB can improve insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion,and this effect is independent of the body weight and food intake.This study further validates that the gastrointestinal hormones play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the risk factors related to refracture after union of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with a combined surgical,and to provide an important reference for clinical treatment.Methods From April 2007 to August 2011,40 cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) confirmed by the use of intramedullary nail combined Ilizarov external fixator treatment of bony union were obtained for retrospective analysis.There were 27 males and 13 females,and the average age was 3.6±2.7 years (ranged from 0.8 to 11.3 years),and the follow-up time are all over 36 months.Survival analysis were applied respectively on gender,whether the merger of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and ankle joint,operative age,fibular status and the cross-sectional area ratio of healing site.Multifactorial Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed on the single factor with statistical significance.Results No significant inter-group differences existed in gender or whether combined NF-1.In operative age ≥3 years group whose refracture-free survival was significantly better than those ＜ 3 years.Intact fibula or stabilised by tibiofibular synotosis or Kirschner wire group showed significantly better refracture-free survival than those with a pseudarthrotic fibula due to neglect or failed synostosis.There was significant difference between ankle joint fixed group and ankle joint unfixed group in mean refracture-free period.With a cross-sectional area median ratio of healing site of 0.15,refracture-free survival was better than those with a lesser value,and the difference was statistical significant.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed a negative correlation between the cross-sectional area and the refracture occurred ~=-1.989,P ＜ 0.05),fibular pseudarthrosis and refracture occurred were positively correlated ~=1.506,P ＜ 0.05),operative age and ankle joint status had no relationship with refracture occurred (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The major risk factors for refracture after union of congenital tibia pseudarthrosis with the use of intramedullary nail combined Ilizarov external fixator are the smaller cross-sectional area of pseudarthrosis and with fibula pseudarthrosis.

College students shoulder the heavy responsibility of the times and are the key to improving the quality of the peo-ple.The strategic goal of"Healthy China"has put forward higher requirements for general education courses in universities.Immunity and Health is a general education course offered by Shandong University for the entire school.While optimizing teaching content in the classroom to achieve knowledge goals,it guides students to think about the emotional value behind knowledge,improve immune intel-ligence,and thus achieve the mission of cultivating talents for the construction of a"Healthy China".This article explores the develop-ment process of the teaching mode of"Immunity and Health",which has important practical significance for enhancing general educa-tion in universities and promoting the purpose of"advocating a healthy and civilized lifestyle,shaping self-discipline and healthy behavior"in China.

The "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" is one of the classical theories in traditional Chinese medicine, which indicates a close correlation between the lung and large intestine in physiology and pathology, and plays a pivotal role in guiding the treatment of the lung and bowel diseases. Modern medicine has revealed some connections between the lung and large intestine in tissue origin and mucosal immunity, and preliminarily illuminated the material basis and possible regulatory mechanism of the theory. Recently, this theory has been applied to guide the treatment of refractory lung and intestine diseases such as COVID-19 and ulcerative colitis and has obtained reliable efficacy. Existing research results show that the anatomical homogeneity of lung and large intestine promotes the correlation between lung-bowel mucosal immunity, and mucosal immunity and migration and homing of innate lymphocytes are one of the physiological and pathological mechanisms for lung and large intestine to share. Under the guidance of this theory, Chinese medicines with heat-clearing and detoxifying or tonic effects are commonly used in the treatment of the lung and intestinal diseases by regulating lung-bowel mucosal immunity and they can be candidate drugs to treat lung/intestinal diseases simultaneously. However, the existing studies on immune regulation are mainly focused on the expression levels of sIgA and cytokines, as well as the changes in the number of immune cells such as innate lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. While the following aspects need further investigation: the airway/intestinal mucous hypersecretion, the functional changes of pulmonary and intestinal mucosal barrier immune cells, the dynamic process of lung/intestinal mucosal immune interaction, the intervention effect of local pulmonary/intestinal microecology, the correlation and biological basis between the heat-clearing and detoxifying effect and the tonic effect, and its regulation of pulmonary/intestinal mucosal immunity. In this paper, we try to analyze the internal relationship between lung and intestine related diseases from the point of view of the common mucosal immune system of lung and intestine, and summarize the characteristics and rules of traditional Chinese medicine compound and its active ingredients, which have regulatory effect on lung and intestine mucosal immune system, so as to further explain the theoretical connotation of "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" and provide reference for the research and development of drugs for related diseases.
COVID-19/immunology* ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology* ; Humans ; Intestine, Large/immunology* ; Lung/immunology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To study the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) protein in breast cancer and its correlation to molecular subtyping and hormone receptor status.Methods 467 cases of breast cancer were included.According to ER,PR,HER2,and Ki-67 status,the cases were categorized into 4 molecular subtypes,including 185 cases of luminal A,109 cases of luminal B,76 cases of HER2-enriched,and 70 cases of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).According to ER and PR status,the cases were divided into 4 subtypes,including 240 cases of ER+/PR+,50 cases of ER+/PR-,4 cases of ER-/PR+,and 173 cases of ER-/PR-.Results EGFR protein expression rates in Luminal A,Luminal B,HER2-enriched and TNBC were 16.8％(31/185),54.1％(59/109),97.4％(74/76),78.6％(55/70),respectively.The EGFR expression in HER2-enriched was significantly higher than those in TNBC,Luminal B and Luminal A(P＜0.01),and EGFR expression in TNBC was significantly higher than those in Luminal B and Luminal A (P＜0.01),furthermore,EGFR expression in Luminal B was significantly higher than that in Luminal A (P＜0.01).EGFR protein expression rates in ER+/PR+ subtype,ER+/PR-subtype,ER-/PR+ subtype and ER-/PR-subtype were 25.4％ (61/240),52.0％ (26/50),75.0％ (3/4),88.4％(153/173),respectively.The EGFR expression in ER-/PR-subtype was significantly higher than in ER+/PR+ subtype and ER+/PR-subtype (P＜0.01),and EGFR expression in ER+/PR-subtype was significantly higher than that in ER+/PR+ subtype (P＜0.01).EGFR protein expression rate was higher in ER-/PR-subtype than in ER-/PR+ subtype,and EGFR protein expression rate was higher in ER-/PR+ subtype than that in ER+/PR+ subtype and ER+/PR-subtype,but all of the difference were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion EGFR protein expression is closely related to breast cancer molecular subtyping and negative hormone receptor expression,which is a potential biomarker of anti-breast cancer therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-human immunoglobulin M (IgM) on proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle and tumor formation in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-1 cell line in vitro and in vivo.Methods After treatment with anti-human IgM antibody,proliferation of HNE-1 cells was observed by cell proliferation inhibition assay,apoptosis and cell cycle of HNE-1 cells were detected by flow cytometry,and apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining.Nude mouse models were constructed,and were injected intraperitoneally with anti-human IgM antibodies (once every 3 days).The growth of transplanted tumor was observed once every 4 days.After the fifth injection,the expression levels of IgM and gp96 protein in transplanted tumor were observed by immunohistochemical method (streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method,SP).Results MTS assay showed that anti-human IgM antibody can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HNE-1 cells in concentration-and time-dependent manner (P＜0.05).Flow cytometry showed that the anti-human IgM antibody promoted a significant decrease in percentage of cells in G1 phase,a significant increase in percentage of cells in S phase,and a significant increase in apoptotic rate of HNE-1 cells (P＜0.05).TUNEL staining showed that the anti-human IgM antibody promoted apoptosis of HNE-1 cells (P＜0.01).Transplantation tumor experiment showed that anti-human IgM antibody can significantly inhibit the volume and weight of transplanted tumor (P＜0.05).The immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of IgM and gp96 proteins in mouse transplanted tumors after intraperitoneal injection with anti-human IgM antibodies were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The anti-human IgM anti-body could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HNE-1 cells,promote apoptosis,and arrest cell cycle.Anti-human IgM antibody could also inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor in nude mouse,which might be related to inhibition of the expressions of IgM and gp96 proteins.

Objective To explore the expression of Fascin-1 and EGFR in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) and its correlation.Methods According to ER,PR,and HER2 status,breast cancer were categorized into 2 subtypes:70 cases of TNBC and 370 cases of non-TNBC.The immunohistochemical technique,EnVision method,was used to evaluate the expression of Fascin-1 and EGFR in breast cancer.Results Expression rate of Fascin-1 and EGFR protein in TNBC was 88.6％(62/70)and 78.6％(55/70),while it was 19.2％(71/370)and 44.3％(164/370)in non-TNBC,respectively.Fascin-1 expression rate was significantly higher in EGFR positive non-TNBC cases (34.8％,57/164) than in EGFR negative cases (6.8％,14/206)(x2=46.032,P=0.000).The positive rate of Fascin-1 protein in EGFR-positive TNBC cases (92.7％,51/55) was higher than that in EGFR negative cases (73.3％,11/15),and the difference had no statistically significance (x2=2.673,P=0.102).Conclusions EGFR signal pathway may positively regulate Fascin-1 expression in non-TNBC.The relationship between EGFR and Fascin-1 in TNBC is needed for further study.