This study investigated the effect of cadmium on the telomerase activity, the expression of TERT, c-myc and p53 and the apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. The rats were administrated 5, 10 and 20 μmol/kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally and sacrificed 48 h after the initial treatment. The telomerase activity of the rat hepatocytes was measured by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of TERT, c-myc and p53 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). C-myc and P53 proteins were determined by immunochemistry. The results showed that cadmium chloride increased the hepatocellular telomerase activity in a dose-dependant manner and induced the apoptosis of hepatocytes significantly. The value of relative coefficient between the telomerase activity and the apoptosis rate was 0.9398. RT-PCR revealed that specific bands corresponding to the TERT mRNA, c-myc mRNA, and p53 mRNA were displayed at 185, 342 and 538 bp respectively. Cadmium chloride could substantially increase the mRNA expressions of TERT, c-myc and p53 in rat hepatocytes, as compared with control. Moreover, cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 μmol/kg could increase the content of P53 protein in rat hepatocytes obviously, but only that at the doses of 10 and 20 μmol/kg substantially promoted the c-myc protein level in rat hepatocytes. Our study herein suggested that cadmium may contribute to the carcinogenesis by activating telomerase, and overexpressing the mRNAs of TERT, c-myc and p53, and causing apoptosis of normal cells.

Objective To evaluate the level of MMP-2 and COX-2 Protein in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissue and explore their relationships. Methods A total of 42 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, including Ta-T1 (n=18), T2-T4 (n=24), G1(n=12), G2 (n=19), G3 (n=11), metastasis (n=26) and without metastasis (n=16), were enrolled in the study. Eight normal bladder tissues were selected as control group. Western blotting was performed todetect the mRNA level of MMP-2 and COX-2. Results The relative COX-2 protein level of Ta-T1 (0.729±0.458), T2-T4 (1.248±0.425), G1 (0.61±0.486), G2 (1.055±0.406), G3 (1.422±0.341) were all higher than that of the control group significantly (0.31±0.149, t = 3.56, 4.13; F = 5.98, P ＜0.05). The relative MMP-2 protein level of Ta-T1 (0.844±0.345), T2-T4 (1.458±0.463), G1 (0.971 ±0.370), G2(1.445±0.378), G3 (1.755±0.387) were all higher than that of the control group (0.460±0.213, t = 3.91, 4.83;F = 6.35, P ＜0.05). The COX-2 and MMP-2 protein level in tumor tissues with and without metastasis were 1.246±0.426 vs 0.668±0.421, 1.430±0.461 vs 0.814±0.341, t = 5.89, 6.27, P ＜0.01, respectively. The level of COX-2 protein was positively correlated with MMP-2 positively (r =0.48, P ＜0.01). Conclusion MMP-2 and COX-2 protein are highly expressed in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissue and their expression is positively correlated with the malignant degree. MMP-2 and COX-2 might play a synergetic role in the carcinogenesis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the initiative-aggressive behavior and D2S1338,D19S433 loci.Methods PCR and electrophoresis method were used to conduct genotype analysis on D2S1338 and D19S433 in the peripheral blood of 187 male initiative-aggressive violent offenders and 459 healthy men living in Jiangsu area.Results D2S1338 and D19S433 loci in initiative-aggressive behavior group and healthy group were found to coincide with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P ＞ 0.05).There were significant difference in locus D19S433 (P ＜ 0.05)between initiative-aggressive behavior group and healthy group,but not on locus D2S1338 (P＞0.05).Univariate analysis showed significant differences at allele 14.2 and genotype 14-14 on locus D19S433 between the two groups (P =0.0011,P =0.0008) with the OR values being 0.50 (95 ％ CI:0.33-0.76) and 3.49(95％ CI:1.62-7.52),respectively.Conclusion Locus D19S433 may be related to with initiative-aggressive behavior with allele 14.2 being the resistant factor and genotype 14-14 being the susceptible factor.

Objective To use CT and 3D reconstruction technique to locating mark of sustentaculum tali ,and measure the an‐gle & length of the specified point of the lateral wall of the calcaneus to sustentaculum tali for providing .To basis for the operation of calcaneus .Methods Thirty adult ankle wet specimens were chosen and scanned with CT ,and the dicom data were converted into the software to 3D‐reconstruction ,the observation and measurement to find new methods of locating mark of sustentaculum tali ;Forty adult calcaneus dried specimens were chosen and scanned with CT .The dicom data were converted into the software to 3D‐re‐construction ,using a workstation software measure the angle and length of the line which from the center of the sustentaculum tail to each point on the calcaneal lateral wall .Results First ,in the function of ankle joint position ,with the foot medial surface as “sag‐ittal reference plane” measurement ,the vertical line passing through the leading edge of medial malleols and the coronal line passing through the leading edge of sustentaculum tali intersect at a point .The vertical distance of the point to leading edge of medial malle‐ols was (34 .95 ± 2 .60) mm ,the length of sustentaculum tali was (21 .44 ± 1 .89) mm ,the height of sustentaculum tali was (10 .17 ± 1 .16) mm ,the anteversion of sustentaculum tali was (35 .31 ± 3 .73)° .Second ,in front of calcaneus ,upward angel of points G ,E were (28 .78 ± 3 .90 )° ,(29 .47 ± 2 .96 )° respectively .Frontward angle of points G ,E were ( - 19 .83 ± 4 .60 )° , ( - 11 .02 ± 4 .74)° respectively .Under the posterior articular surface ,upward angel of points C ,K ,I ,J were(2 .52 ± 2 .46)° ,(2 .92 ± 2 .28)° ,(14 .98 ± 2 .49)° ,(14 .38 ± 1 .90)° respectively .Frontward angle of points C ,K ,I ,J were(7 .32 ± 1 .66)° ,(19 .25 ± 1 .98)° , (10 .30 ± 2 .63)° ,(19 .33 ± 1 .97)° respectively .The length of screw was about 40 - 44 mm .The length of C point to the sustentacu‐lum tail was minimum ,and the length of G was maximum .Conclusion In the function of ankle joint position ,the sustentaculum tail can be located with the leading edge of medial malleols as a surface landmarks .The measurement of the angle and length of which from each point on the calcaneal lateral wall to sustentaculum tail by using CT .

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between aggressive behaviors and 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) loci.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples from 541 army men with aggressive behaviors and 459 healthy individuals were collected. All sample were amplified with a AmpFlSTR Identifiler(TM) system and separated by electrophoresis to compare the genotypic and allelic frequencies of 15 STRs (CSF1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, FGA, THO1, TPOX and vWA) in the two groups.

RESULTSA significant difference was found in allelic and genotypic frequencies at loci D2S1338 and D19S433 (P< 0.01) between the two groups, but not for the remaining 13 STR loci (P> 0.05). Univarite analysis also showed a significant difference for allele 16, genotypes 19-22, 22-24 on D2S1338 and genotypes 13-14.2 on D19S433 between the two groups (P= 0.0018, P= 0.0001, P= 0.0003, P= 0.0000), with the OR values being 7.380 (95%CI: 1.701-32.028), 0.051(95%CI: 0.007-0.388), 13.933(95%CI: 1.845-105.717), 0.349 (95%CI: 0.216-0.564), respectively.

CONCLUSIOND2S1338 and D19S433 may be associated with aggressive behavior. Allele 16 and genotype 22-24 on D2S1338 may be susceptible factors for the disease, whilst genotypes 19-22 on D2S1338 and 13-14.2 on D19S433 may confer a protective effect on it.

Adult ; Aggression ; Alleles ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of short tandem repeats (STRs) loci with aggressive behaviors of schizophrenia.

METHODSBlood samples from 123 schizophrenic patients with aggressive behaviors and 489 schizophrenic patients without aggressive behaviors were collected. DNA from all samples was amplified with a PowerPlex 21 system and separated by electrophoresis to determine the genotypes and allelic frequencies of 20 STR loci including D3S1368, D1S1656, D6S1043, D13S317, Penta E, D16S639, D18S51, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, TH01, vWA, D21S11, D7S820, D5S818, TPOX, D8S1179, D12S391, D19S433, and FGA.

RESULTSAll of the 20 STR loci have reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both groups. A significant difference was found in allelic and genotypic frequencies of loci Penta D between the two groups (alleles: P=0.042; genotypes: P=0.014) but not for the remaining 19 loci (P> 0.05). Univariate analysis also showed a significant difference for allele 10 and genotypes 10-12 of Penta D between the two groups (P=0.0027, P=0.0001), with the OR being 1.81 (95%CI: 1.22-2.67) and 4.33 (95%CI: 1.95-9.59), respectively.

CONCLUSIONPenta D may be associated with aggressive behaviors of schizophrenia. Allele 10 and genotypes 10-12 of Penta D may confer a risk for the disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aggression ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of stair climbing test combined with arterial blood gas analysis on postoperative complications in lung cancer patients with limited pulmonary function.Methods:A total of 1 231 hospitalized lung cancer patients with limited pulmonary function dating from August 2012 to August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Included in the cohort were 766 of patients who underwent stair climbing test(SCT) preoperatively and completed data collection. Patients were grouped according to their general condition, past medical history, surgical approach, pulmonary function test(PFT) and SCT results. Comparison of the postoperative cardiopulmonary complication rates were made between different groups, and independent risk factors were identified.Results:A total of 182 cardiopulmonary-related complications occurred in 144 cases, accounting for 18.8% of the entire cohort. Perioperative mortality rate was 0.9%(7/766). The rate of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications was significantly different between the groups stratified by gender, age, smoking index, PFT index(FEV1%, DLCO%), SCT results(height achieved, speed, changes in heart rate and oxygen saturation of the arteries before and after the test), ASA score, surgical approach(VATS/Open), resection range(Lobectomy/Sublobectomy), anesthetic duration, blood loss volume, etc. Logistic regression analysis showed that only height achieved( P<0.001), changes in heart rate( P<0.001), changes in oxygen saturation of the arteries( P=0.001), resection range( P=0.006) and anesthetic duration( P=0.025) were independent risk factors for cardiopulmonary-related complications in lung cancer patients with limited pulmonary function. Conclusion:The stair climbing test combined with arterial blood gas analysis could be used as a preoperative screening method for lung cancer patients with limited lung function and may have a predictive value for postoperative cardiopulmonary-related complications.

Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament(PDL)progenitor cells.However,whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis,thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown.In this study,we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process.Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively.Using Caspase-1-/-mice,we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1.Moreover,mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro,which influenced osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically,transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells.Overall,this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli,indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.

Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament(PDL)progenitor cells.However,whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis,thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown.In this study,we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process.Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively.Using Caspase-1-/-mice,we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1.Moreover,mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro,which influenced osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically,transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells.Overall,this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli,indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.

Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament(PDL)progenitor cells.However,whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis,thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown.In this study,we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process.Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively.Using Caspase-1-/-mice,we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1.Moreover,mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro,which influenced osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically,transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells.Overall,this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli,indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.