Objective:To prepare arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3)albumin microspheres and to analyze their physicochemical properties and in vitro antitumor activities.Methods:As_2O_3 albumin microspheres were prepared by emulsification-heat solidification.Physicochemical and the slow-release properties of the microspheres were identified by the electron microscope, thermal stabilization analysis and dynamic dialysis system in vitro.MTT method was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the released fluid on human osteosarcoma cell line U-2 OS cells and human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1 cells.Results: The mean diameter of the microspheres was(156?3.56)?m(ranging 56.4-256.7?m),with the As_2O_3 content being (55.22?11.19)% and t_(1?2)of release time being 23.34 h.The slowly released fluid showed a significant inhibitory effect on U- 2 OS and SPC-A-1 cells.Conclusion:As_2O_3 albumin microspheres prepared in the present study have satisfactory physicochemical,slow-releasing,and tumor-inhibition properties.

[Objective]To assess the accuracies and feasibility of computer assisted navigation technique in scoliosis surgery.[Method]In clinical study,5 cases of scoliosis operations assisted by computer navigation technique(Group 1)and 5 cases of scoliosis operations assisted by anatomy and X-ray fluoroscopy(Group 2)were reviewed.The accuracies of screw placement were evaluated by postoperative CT scan.[Result]There were altogether 114 screws inserted in 10 cases.49 screws inserted with CTbased computer assisted navigation system,91.8% excellent,8.2% good.42 screws inserted with anatomy and X ray fluoroscopy,57.1% excellent,23.8 % good,19.1% bad.[Conclusion]CT-based computer assisted navigation system enhances accuracies and further improves the safety of adolescent scoliosis surgery,CT-based navigation method is better than the anatomy and X-ray fluoroscopy methods.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic, surgical stage, operative approach, resection and stability reconstruction of dumbbell intra-extradural tumor of cervical spine. Methods From January 1999 to December 2005, 37 consecutive cases with cervical dumbbell intra-extradural tumor were retrospectively studied. 18 males and 19 females ranged from 18 to 80 years old were involved in this study, including 25 schwannomas, 3 neurofibromas, 5 multi-neurofibromas and 4 malignant schwannomas. According to tumor location and involved range, all tumors were divided into five stages: 8 cases in Ⅰ stage, 9 cases in Ⅱstage, 13 cases in Ⅲ stage, 5 cases in Ⅳ stage and 2 cases in Ⅴ stage. Resection and reconstruction were performed at 20 patients through posterior-lateral approach, 17 patients through anterior-lateral combined with posterior-lateral approach. Lateral mass screw internal fixation system were used in 26 cases, while anterior combined posterior fixation were performed in 5 cases and none fixation in 6 cases. Results The follow-up period was from 3 months to 7 years. 1 case developed a transient weakening of upper limb, 1 case developed anesthesia in posterior neck, and 1 case developed Horner's sign. Vertebral artery ligation was performed in 1 case because of vertebral artery injury. 2 cases with malignant schwannoma occurred local recurrence in 1-2 years postoperation and received second operation. The recent effects after operation were satisfactory in majority cases,with complete recovery of spinal cord function in 19 cases. 2 cases without fixation appeared recuration deformity in cervical spine in 1-2 years postoperation. Conclusion The surgical approach and operative methods must be selected according to the location, surgical staging, characters of tumors. Stability reconstruction plays important roles in maintaining stability of cervical spine. More care should be taken in procedure for protecting vertebral artery, cervical nerve and spinal cord.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possibility and prospect of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells of bone tissue engineering. DATA SOURCES: References came from Medline and Embase between January 1980 and December 2005 with the keywords of "umbilical cord blood,mesenchymal stem cell,bone tissue engineering" in English. Besides, CBM and CBMdisc databases were retrieved by computer for the articles of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering published between January 1990 and April 2004 with the same key words in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: Related articles of culture and identification of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and the progress of bone tissue engineering. Inclusive criteria: ①basic research of culture and identification of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, and ②the progress of bone tissue engineering. Exclusive criteria: reduplicative studies. DATA EXTRACTION: There were 47 relevant articles of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and bone tissue engineering, and 30 were accorded with the inclusive criteria. The excluded 17 were due to the reduplicative contents. DATA SYNTHESIS: Under special conditioned medium, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells not only could differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic cells, but also transform into nerve cells, liver cells, somatic muscle cells and so on. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were safe and easy to obtain from umbilical cord blood, safe to transplant, easy to expand in vitro, stable in biological characteristics, which met the requirements of bone tissue engineering. CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells are a promising alternative of ideal seed cells of future bone tissue engineering on the basis of its characteristics.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between prognosis of spinal metastatic cancer and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Methods: The expressions of MMPs and TIMPs were quantitatively studied by immunohistochemical method and image analysis technique in 77 patients with spinal metastatic cancer. The relation between MMPs and TIMPs expression and patients' prognosis was analyzed using Cox regression model. Results: The 3-year postoperative survival rate of the patients was 6.98% after a mean follow-up of 15.60?8.45 months ( 5.2-36 months). Both MMPs and TIMPs expressed in cancer cells and mesenchyme. The expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was the highest in the metastatic tumor from lung cancer (P

Objective:To investigate the influence of different depression degree status on the clinic symptoms and survival status in the patients with metastasis tumor in spine (MTS). Methods: By using Zung's self rating depression scale (SDS), we studied 125 patients with MTS between 1999 and 2001. Results: It was found that 44% patients with MTS were affected by depression. The survival period in the negative depression group(NDP) was longer than that in the moderate and the severe groups after a mean of 21 months follow up( P

Objective To study the clinical features, treatment strategy and prognosis of children and adolescent with spinal bone tumors. Methods Forty-three patients were retrospectively investigated from January 1987 to June 2002, thirty-one of which were male, and the others were female. The age of patients ranged from 3 to 16 years with an average of 11.8 years. The pathological examination suggested that tumor-like conditions were 11 cases (25.6%), benign tumors 13 cases (30.2%), and malignant tumors 19 cases (44.2%). The cervical vertebrae tumors were 15 cases, thoracic vertebrae 16 cases, lumbar vertebrae 6 cases, and sacral vertebrae 6 cases. Treatment included: 1 case of malignant lymphoma was only subjected to chemotherapy; and the others were undertaken tumor resection and bone grafting to fusion with or without internal fixation. All patients of malignant tumors were performed adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy after operation. Results The follow-up period was from 1 to 10 years with an average of 4.3 years. All patients of benign tumors obtained satisfied outcomes with local symptom and neural deficits improved, and no tumor recurrence happened. 6 cases (2 cases of primitive neural ectodermal tumor, 1 case of Ewing's sarcoma, 1 case of neuroblastoma, 1 case of plasma cell sarcoma and 1 case of chondrosarcoma) of malignant patients were died from metastasis and systemic failure, and the ratio was 14% and 31.6% of total and malignant tumor respectively. One case of bone giant cell tumor and 1 case of Schwannoma got recurrence at 2.5 years and 10 months after operation respectively. Conclusion For patients of children and adolescent with spinal bone tumors, the prognosis of the benign is better if tumors were removed radically. However, the patients with malignant tumors had worse prognosis with higher recurrent or death rate, and its prognosis is closely correlated to tumor's characters, operation strategy, and extending postoperative therapy.

Objective:To study the influence of anti-tumor drug incorporation on the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate cement(CPC).Methods: Methotrexate(MTX),epirubicin(EPI),hydroxy camptothecin(OH-CPT),and arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3) were incorporated,each in a proportion of 2%,5%,and 8%,into the powder-phase CPC.Untreated CPC was taken as control.The setting time,compression strength,and the microstructure of the resultant products were evaluated and tested.Results: Compared with control group,the setting time was significantly prolonged when 2% EPI was incorporated into CPC(P

Objective To investigate incidence,diagnosis and treatment strategy of delayed esophageal complications after anterior cervical spine surgery.Methods The clinical data of 2316 patients who had undergone anterior cervical spine surgery from January 2001 to December 2011 were analyzed.The delayed esophageal complications were defined as esophageal perforation,esophago-tracheal fistula,esophago-cutaneous fistula,diverticulum of esophagus,esophagopleural fistula and esophageal stenosis that occurred 2 weeks after spine surgery.Results Delayed esophageal complications occurred in 4 patients,and the incidence was 0.17％.Esophageal perforation occurred in 2 patients; the incidence was 0.09％.Case 1 was a 31-year-old man who was found to have esophageal diverticulum and perforation 7 years after anterior cervical spine surgery.Then he underwent removal of implant,excision of diverticulum,and repair of esophagus with sternohyoid muscle flap and omohyoid muscle flap.Case 2 was a 46-year-old man who was found to have esophageal diverticulum 3 years after cervical spine surgery.He also underwent removal of implant,excision of diverticulum,and repair of esophagus with sternohyoid muscle flap and omohyoid muscle flap.Case 3 was a 58-year-old woman who was found to have esophageal diverticulum 5 years after cervical spine surgery.She underwent removal of implant,excision of diverticulum,and repair of esophagus with sternocleidomastoid muscle flap.Case 4 was a 56-year-old woman who was found to have esophageal perforation 3 years after cervical spine surgery.She underwent removal of implant and repair of esophagus with sternocleidomastoid muscle flap.All 4 patients recovered after operation.Conclusion The incidence of delayed esophageal complications after anterior cervical spine surgery is low,and the diagnosis is difficult.X-ray,digestive tract radiography,and gastrointestinal endoscopy are the main diagnostic tools.Surgical treatment is the main and effective management.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the reason of heterotopic ossification after cervical artificial disc replacement and the degeneration of cervical facet joints.Methods From May 2009 to May 2012,133 patients who had undergone cervical artificial disc replacement were included into this study.There were 74 males and 59 females with an average age of 42.63±4.15 years old (range,23-56 years old).There were 109 patients who had undergone single level implant,and 24patients double level implant.Cervical spine A-P and the flexion-extension X-rays were taken to assess the range of motion (ROM)of the surgical level.Degeneration degree of patients' cervical facet joints were evaluated by Park grading standards with the preoperative cervical CT scan images on GE-PACS system.Heterotopic ossification (HO) situation were evaluated by McAfee classification through cervical lateral X-ray film.Patients were divided into two groups (HO group and non-HO group) according to whether heterotopic ossification appeared during the follow-up period.The data were collected before surgery to the latest follow-up.Results The average follow-up time was 2.9 years (range,2.0-4.8 years).HO was detected in 25 patients (18.80％,25/133) at latest follow-up.The ROM of surgical level of patients in HO group was significantly lower than non-HO group (6.8°±3.9° vs 9.1 °±2.4°).In addition,the degeneration degree of cervical facet joints of patients in HO group was significantly higher than that in non-HO group.There was a significant correlation between preoperative cervical facet joint degeneration and the occurrence of HO after CDR (r=0.683,P=0.033).Conclusion There was a significant correlation between preoperative cervical facet joint degeneration and the occurrence of HO after CDR.Patients present HO after surgery have significantly higher degeneration degree of cervical facet joints than patients without HO.Patients with higher degree of HO may have a higher level of cervical facet joints degeneration.