【Objective】 To analyze the efficacy of different intracavitary operations for calyceal diverticulum calculi, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis of the data of 21 patients with calyceal diverticulum calculi was conducted during Jan. 2015 and Dec.2021. The patients were divided into the retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS, n=14) group and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL, n=7) group. The perioperative data were compared. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in stone load between the RIRS group and PCNL group \[(11.56±4.79) mm vs. (13.06±6.27) mm, P=0.609\].There were significant differences in the thickness of renal parenchyma at the top of the diverticulum \[(10.08±4.81) mm vs. (5.24±2.23) mm, P=0.005\], operation time \[(58.57±19.23) min vs. (88.29±25.28) min, P=0.007\], hospitalization time \[3(1, 5) vs. 12 (5, 7), P=0.023\] days. After operation, there were no significant differences in stone-clearance rate, decrease of hemoglobin, and postoperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Both RIRS and PCNL are viable options for treating renal calyceal diverticulum calculi. RIRS has advantages of shorter operation time and hospital stay. PCNL can be an alternative treatment when RIRS is unsuccessful.