As a new rising edge discipline,neuro-ophthalmology is a subject of extensive radia-tion,with low awareness and poor efficiency. Specialists of General Hospital of PLA summarized a practi-cable series of teaching ideas and methods including teaching thoughts,strategies and methods. Combi-nation of traditional theory and practice with the use of modern means and platforms were introduced and satisfactory results were achieved.

Background Neuromyelitis optica,term of Devic's disease,is characterized by the symptoms of both optic neuritis and myelitis.In clinic,misdiagnosis rate of neuromyelitis is too high to ignore because of the unsynchronous exsist of both optic neuritis and myelitis.Objective This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of Devic's disease in order to reduce the misdiagnosis rate.Methods Thirty six patients diagnosed as Devic's disease in General Hospital of PLA from January 2000 through October 2008 were included in this study.The clinical data including sex,age,initial events,clinical signs of optic neuritis and myelitis,misdiagnosis status were analyzed.Results The 21 patients showed the initial events of eye and were diagnosed as neurititis.In all of the 36 patient,the ratio of the patients was from 30 to 50 years.The prevalence of atrophy of optical nerve within 1-3 months was 72.7% and that of above 3 months was 91.4% in these patients.The incidence rate was obviously increased in 1-3 months course group (χ~2=7.59,P=0.009) and ＞3 months course group(χ~2= 20.29,P＜0.001) in comparison with ＜1 month course group.Two patients without clinical signs were determined the diagnosis by visual evoked potential.In 22 patients received magnetic resonance imaging of spinal cord,the lesions of 14 patients located in cervical cord and that of 9 patients was in thoracic cord and only 1 patient in lumbar cord.Conclusion Devic's disease is more common in female patients with the age between 30-50 years.Most patients visit ophtalmologist firstly due to initial events of eye.Occurrence of optic atrophy is associated with disease course.MRI suggest that the lesions of spinal cord are often in cervical cord and thoracic cord.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of self-made gasbag double-cannula stool drainage device for prevention of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection.

METHODSClinical data of 169 rectal cancer patients in the 8th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between October 2010 and October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, a self-made gasbag double-cannula stool drainage device was placed in 71 patients(stool drainage group), and the remaining 98 patients were taken as control. After an anastomosis, the drainage device was transanally placed by the assistant and the distal tube of drainage device was stretched more than 15 cm from anastomosis. The gasbag was inflated to fully expand the intestine. The main tube was fixed on perianal skin with 7-0 suture, kept more than 3-5 cm outside the anus, and connected to the drainage bag. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe baseline data were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). The differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and time to bowel function recovery were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), however, time to oral intake and postoperative stay were shorter in stool drainage group as compared to the control group (both P<0.05). There was no perioperative death in both groups. In stool drainage group, there were 6 cases whose drainage device was pulled out within 48 hours due to intolerance. The ruptured gasbag was replaced 5 times and the tube was clogged by fecal material 21 times. After flushing, the tube did not recanalized and was pulled out in 3 cases. The incidence of anastomotic leakage in stool drainage group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.8% vs. 11.2%, P=0.043). As for the low anastomosis (the distance to anal verge less than 5 cm), the incidence of anastomotic leakage in stool drainage group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (2.3% vs. 15.4%, P=0.028), while as for the high anastomosis, the difference was not statistically significant (3.6% vs. 3.0%, P=0.906). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of a stool drainage device was an independent protective factor for anastomotic leakage (OR=0.316, 95%CI:0.114 ~ 0.769, P=0.003).

CONCLUSIONSThe self-made gasbag double-cannula stool drainage device effectively prevents anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of rectal cancer. However it is not suitable for those patients with high anastomosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of adult optic neuritis patients with positive serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-ON) or aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-ON).Methods A retrospective study. From December 2015 to February 2018, in the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University and Chinese PLA General Hospital, 162 eyes of 132 patients with positive serum MOG antibody and AQP4 were included in the study. There were 42 MOG-ON patients (49 eyes, 31.8％), 90 AQP4-ON patients (113 eyes, 68.2％). The clinical features of optic neuritis (annual recurrence frequency, incidence of optic disc edema), brain and optic nerve enhanced MRI, serum autoimmune antibodies and cerebrospinal fluid test results were compared between MOG-ON and AQP4-ON patients. All patients were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate in the acute phase and then switched to oral prednisone acetate tablets. The average follow-up time was 15 months. The glucocorticoid dependence, visual prognosis, spinal cord symptoms, and myelitis at the last follow-up were comparatively analyzed between MOG-ON and AQP4-ON patients. The comparison of the count data was performed by χ2 test, and the measurement data were compared byt test.Results Compared with AQP4-ON patients, MOG-ON patients had higher annual recurrence frequency (t=3.760,P=0.005), higher incidence of optic disc edema (χ2=14.777,P<0.001), higher incidence of hormone dependence (χ2=25.496,P<0.001), and better visual prognosis (χ2=28.759, P<0.001). MOG-ON patients were more likely to involve the optic nerve, AQP4-ON patients were more likely to involve the optic chiasm and the optic tract. There was a significant difference in the location of lesions between MOG-ON and AQP4-ON patients (χ2= 5.447,P= 0.015). The proportion of AQP4-ON patients with autoimmune antibodies was significantly higher than that of MOG-ON patients (χ2 = 20.453,P<0.001). The results of cerebrospinal fluid test showed that the white blood cell count of patients with MOG-ON and AQP4-ON were within the normal range, but the IgG level of AQP4-ON patients was significantly higher than that of MOG-ON patients (t=8.669,P<0.001). At the last follow-up, there were 7 and 29 patients of myelitis in MOG-ON and AQP4-ON patients respectively (χ2=3.494,P=0.046).Conclusions The clinical characteristics of MOG-ON were different from AQP4-ON. The incidence of optic disc edema and recurrence rate were higher, but the proportion of autoimmune antibodies was lower. MOG-ON was more likely to show hormone dependence, but the visual prognosis was better. AQP4-ON was easily involved in optic chiasm and optic tract, and the incidence of myelitis was higher.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.