The investigation of environmental radioactivity level is an important basic work of ecological environment protection. It can provide basic data and scientific basis for the evaluation of radioactive environment quality and the formulation of radiation safety regulations and standards. Based on many years of practical experience of environmental radioactivity level investigation, combined with relevant regulations and standards, this paper summarizes the common investigation methods in the investigation and research of environmental radioactivity level at home and abroad, summarizes a set of environmental radioactivity level investigation scheme with strong applicability, and gives detailed suggestions on the ideas, methods, technical routes and other key points of the investigation scheme. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the preparation of environmental radioactive level investigation scheme.