OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of vancomycin in pediatric patients.METHODS:By reviewing medical histories of 368 pediatric patients who had been treated with vancomycin from 2005 to 2006,the use of vancomycin was investigated in respect of children' general condition,microbiological examination,dosage regimen,adverse drug reactions to evaluate the rationality of drug use.RESULTS:ADR occurred in 17 cases(4.6%).The use of vancomycin was rational or basically rational in 240 cases(65.2%).CONCLUSION:It is necessary to tighten more strict control on the use of vancomycin in pediatric patients.

Objective:To establish a simple HPLC method for the determination of warfarin in human plasma and analyze the re-sults of 100 monitoring reports. Methods:Warfarin was extracted from the plasma samples by acetonitrile. The extract was separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm)with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0. 1% acetic acid (65∶35) at flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 and detected by a diode array detector. The detection wavelength was at 308nm and the sample size was 20 μl. Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0. 1-5. 12μg·ml-1 . The average recovery and RSD was ranged from 85. 0% to 102. 3% and 1. 2% to 3. 9%(n=6), respectively. Inter-and intra-day RSD were 1. 1%-1. 8% and 1. 6%-2. 9%, respectively. Conclusion:The proposed method is rapid, convenient and accurate in the detection of warfarinin concentration in plasma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) administration on very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight preterm infants were prospectively randomized into observation group (105 cases) and control group (93 cases) based on the symptomatic and supportive treatment.When uncompletely stomach intestine nutrition fed,the patients of observation group took SB (50 mg/kg),the patients of control group took equivalent placebo.The times of defecation and diarrhea,the rate of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,hospital onset of infection (septicemia,pulmonary infection),fungal infection,the time of intravenous nutrition and length of stay were compared.Results The general data in two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The times of defecation,time of intravenous nutrition and length of stay in two groups had significant difference [(1.8 ± 0.4) times/d vs.(3.4 ± 0.5) times/d,(30.21 ± 3.43) d vs.(40.47 ± 4.35) d,(33.5 ± 6.8) d vs.(45.4 ± 9.3) d] (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of diarrhea,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,septicemia and pyemia in two groups had significant difference [14.3％ (15/105) vs.25.8％ (24/93),11.4％ (12/105) vs.19.4％ (18/93),19.0％ (20/105) vs.29.0％ (27/93)] (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of pulmonary infection and fungal infection between two groups had no significant difference(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion SB administration on VLBW infants can reduce the infection,promote enteral feeding,shorter hospital stay,and has a certain significance on the family and the community.

Objective To explore the epidemiologic rule of main diseases demonstrated by uneven pulse. Methods With the method of literature analysis, we summarized and analyzed the literatures of the uneven pulse published in recent 20 between the uneven pulse and the palpitation, thoracic stuffiness, hypodynamia, dizziness, and abdominal distension. Conclusion Uneven pulse demonstrates many diseases besides blood stasis syndrome, thus we should determine the disease combined with other clinical symptoms for consideration, but uneven pulse alone.

Objective To study the pulmonary surfactant (PS) on prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in neonates delivered via caesarean section. Methods From selective cesarean section infants (gestational age 34-38+6 W), 80 cases whose test tube oscillation tests were negative and amniotic fluid pulmonary surfactant associated protein A (SP-A) concentrations were lower than <10μg/L, and were randomly divided into PS prevention group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. PS prevention group within 1 h of birth were administrated poractant alfa injection by endotracheal tube (dose 100 mg/kg), but the control group was not given special treatment, leaving only the observation. The incidence of NRDS, treatment status and clinical progression were compared between two groups. Results The incidence of NRDS in control group was 82.5%(33/40), in PS prevention group was 37.5%(15/40), and there was significant difference (P<0.05). The degree of NRDS in control group was more severe. The incidence rate of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the new-born (PPHN), pulmonary air leak, patent ductus arteriosus and oxygenation index above 25 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in control group were significantly higher than those in PS prevention group (P<0.05). The time of mechanical ventilation, the time of oxygen inhalation, ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) before mechanical ventilation to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and costs of hospitalization in control group were significantly higher than those in PS prevention group (P<0.05). Conclusions PS prevention can reduce the incidence of NRDS of neonates delivered by elective caesarean section, can alleviate the symptoms of NRDS, shorten length of stay and reduce the cost of hospitalization.

Objective To standardize the method of microbiological examination on Shegan Mixture in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 was used. Microbial enumeration test and specified microorganisms test were used to verify Shegan Mixture. The samples were treated by membrane filtration. Six kinds of strains for microbiological counting and limiting bacteria were used to study applicability. Results Microbial counts of the five strains of the recovery ratio were between 0.5 to 2, and Escherichia coli tested by control bacteria was qualified. Conclusion The microbiological examination methods for Shegan Mixture can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.

Objective To explore the expression feature of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) 1010001N08Rik in hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and predict the mechanism that 1010001N08Rik might be involved in the occurrence and development of BPD by a series of bioinformatics analysis.Method The sequence,genomic position and structure characteristics of 1010001N08Rik were acquired from UCSC genome browser,and its target gene was predicted by Ensemble database.We successfully established the animal model of BPD by making newborn C57BL/6J mice exposed to 95％ concentrations of ambient oxygen for seven days.The expression of 1010001N08Rik and Gata 6 were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Student's t test was used to compare their expression levels during the BPD process.Result The relative expression of 1010001N08Rik in BPD process at d1,d3,d5,d7 was 1.21 ± 0.33,2.02 ± 0.41,2.95 ± 0.45,4.20-± 0.48 respectively,and there were significant difference between adjacent time points (P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of Gata 6 mRNA was 0.92 ±0.30,1.10 ± 0.31,0.86 ± 0.24,0.45-± 0.08 respectively,and there was significant difference between d5 and d7 (P ＜0.05).1010001N08Rik had highly conserved property among different species.The chromosomal regions of 1010001N08Rik existed transcriptional factors binding locations and epigenetic regulation clues,and its possible candidate target gene was Gata 6.Conclusion The expression of 1010001N08Rik increased during the formation process of BPD.Bioinformatics analysis and preliminary experiment results suggested that 1010001N08Rik might participate in the process of BPD by down-regulating Gata 6 expression.

This article was aimed to study the semantic relationship of clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from 3 000 clinical medical records and outpatient medical records from books. The aim was to verify the coverage of semantic relationships of UMLS and SNOMED in medical language system with real medical records. The extraction was from the practical aspect in order to improve the semantic relationships involved in TCM clinical practice processes.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents . Methods Databases of PubMed ,the Cochrane Library ,EMbase ,CENTRAL ,VIP ,WanFang ,CBM and CNKI were electron-ically searched till August ,2014 for clinical trials on lamotrigine for absence seizures in children and adolescents .All literature were screened by two reviewers independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria .The data was extracted ,and the methodological quality was assessed .Then ,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5 .2 .Results Seven trials were in-cluded involving a total of 721 patients .The results of methodological qualities were two studies rated as A-class ,three studies rated as B-class and two studies rated as C-class .Meta-analysis results showed that the efficacy of lamotrigine monotherapy for absence seizure in children and adolescents was better than placebo ,but efficacy of lamotrigine was lower than valproic acid and ethosuximide .The adverse reaction rates of lamotrigine were with no significant difference compared with valproic acid and et-hosuximide .Conclusion Lamotrigine monotherapy was effective for absence seizures in children and adolescents and was well tolerated .Lamotrigine was a good choice for patients that are intolerable to valproic acid or ethosuximide .

Standards for Prescription Review in Medical Institutions puts forward higher requirements for the pharmacists' ability to review prescriptions, and the dispensing pharmacist should review the legality, standardization, and suitability of the prescription. Centralized training helps to improve the pharmaceutical care capacity and promote the rational use of drugs in hospitals. The centralized training course system designed by our hospital includes four modules: laws and regulations, prescription suitability review for drugs commonly used in each department, prescription suitability review for drugs used in the special population, and prescription suitability review for specialty drugs. The training system has the characteristics of homogeneity and standardization. A combination of theoretical courses and practical exercises, as well as the introduction of problem-based learning and case-based learning, holds promise for application in the training of dispensing pharmacists.