In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has been empowering various industries and leading industrial upgrading. The progress of artificial intelligence in medical image analysis and surgical navigation positioning is revolutionizing the entire medical field and gradually penetrating into the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid and parathyroid diseases. This article focuses on the application of artificial intelligence in the surgical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid and parathyroid diseases, emphasizing the research and application progress of deep learning based artificial intelligence systems in preoperative evaluation, intraoperative decision-making assistance, and postoperative prognosis prediction, and exploring future development prospects.

Objective:To explore the use of near-infrared autofluorescence probe (NIRAF-P) and its application in identifying parathyroid glands during surgery.Methods:A total of 68 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Beijing Longfu Hospital between Dec. 2023 and Jun. 2024 were selected. During the operation, the near-infrared parathyroid gland detector was used to identify the parathyroid gland tissue to be tested, and histopathological examination was performed. The positive predictive value and accuracy of the near-infrared parathyroid gland detector were analyzed.Results:A total of 111 parathyroid glands were identified in 68 patients, and the positive predictive value and accuracy of the NIRAF-P were 95.5% and 94.6%, respectively.Conclusions:The NIRAF-P has high accuracy in identifying parathyroid glands. The standardized application of the NIRAF-P can help improve the efficiency of identifying parathyroid glands during surgery.