Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bivalirudin on reperfusion of coronary artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods In our study, we evaluated 245 patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between April 2012 to May 2015. Based on the therapy during operation, bivalirudin were used in 122 patients and heparin was used in 123 patients. Study outcomes included immediate TIMI(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction)flow and CTFC(Corrected TIMI Frame Count)by angiogrophy once the target lesion was opened rates of ,in-hospital thrombocytopenia, bleeding events myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization and the incidence of MACE(major adverse cardiac events)in 30 days and 1 year. Results The mean heart rate was higher in the bivalirudin group(P=0.034). There was no significant difference between the two groups in laboratory results or interventional data(P>0.05). After the target vessel was opened, the effect of bivalirudin on slow/no-reflow in primary PCI has no difference between heparin in terms of TIMI blood evaluation or CTFC (P>0.05). Hospitalization data analysis showed that bivalirudin was able to obtain a higher activated whole blood coagulation time(ACT)value(P<0.001)with lower decrease in the number of platelets. Follow-up data of 30 days and 1 year showed no difference in the incidence of MACE and net adverse clinical events(NACE)between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Bivalirudin has well efficacy and safety in patients with acute myocardial infarction in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing PPCI without increasing the incidence of slow/no-reflow.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， a common clinical chronic respiratory disease， has a long course and is intractable. It is closely related to many factors， such as immune imbalance. Helper T cell 17 （Th17）， an immune-promoting cell， and regulatory T cell （Treg）， an immunosuppressive cell， maintain the balance of the immune microenvironment together. In the course of COPD， the proportion of Th17 cells usually increases， while the proportion of Tregs that inhibit Th17 activity decreases. Their coordination and balance are critical in the inflammatory and immune processes of COPD. At present， COPD is mainly treated with nasal inhalation preparations and oral drugs by western medicine. In spite of a certain therapeutic effect， side effects of drugs and heavy economic burden are becoming increasingly prominent. Modern research shows that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has the characteristics of few side effects， stable curative effect， and multi-target regulation， and it is advantageous and promising in the prevention and treatment of COPD. In recent years， a large number of TCM clinical and experimental trials on the intervention of Th17/Treg balance in COPD have been launched. Substantial pieces of evidence confirm that the intervention of Th17/Treg balance is an important potential target of TCM in the treatment of COPD. This study reviewed the previous research on the intervention effect of single Chinese medicine， effective components of Chinese medicine， and Chinese medicinal compound on Th17/Treg balance in COPD to comprehensively reveal the potential target of Th17/Treg balance in COPD for clinicians and scientific researchers， promote relevant research， and provide references for the rational application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the role of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in the treatment of ischemic stroke in rats, and to explore the effect of DHM on the expression of inflammasome. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced by endovascular suture method. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of DHM were investigated by Longa score, TTC staining, Nissl staining, immunohistochemical staining and Western bloting. Results After DHM treatment, the motor capacity of MCAO rats was significantly improved, the infarct volume was significantly reduced, the brain structure and neuron morphology were improved, and the expressions of nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-1(IL-1) decreased significantly. Conclusion DHM can down-regulate the expression of NLRP3 and thus reduces the cerebral infarction volume and improves neurobehavioral performance in MCAO rats.

Antiviral Oral Liquid is modified on the basis of Baihu Decoction in Treatise on Febrility Diseases by ZHANG Zhongjing and Qingwen Baidu Yin in Qing Dynasty, with effects in clearing toxic heat, repelling dampness and cooling blood. It is widely used in clinical treatment of common colds, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection, mumps, viral conjunctivitis and hand-foot-mouth disease, with a good clinical efficacy and safety. Based on a questionnaire survey of clinicians and a systematic review of study literatures on Antiviral Oral Liquid, the international clinical practice guidelines development method was adopted to analyze the optimal available evidences and expert experiences in the "evidence-based, consensus-based and experience-based" principles. The consensus was jointly reached by more than 30 multidisciplinary experts nationwide, including clinical experts of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the field of respiratory diseases and infectious diseases, and methodological experts. In the study, literatures were retrieved based on clinical problems in the clinical survey as well as PICO clinical problems. The GRADE system was used for the classification and evaluation of evidence, and fully combined with clinical expert experience, so as to reach expert consensus by the nominal grouping method. This expert consensus recommended or suggested indications, usage and dosage, course of treatment, intervention time for treatment, and the safety and precautions of Antiviral Oral Liquid for treatment of influenza, and can provide reference for the rational use of this drug in clinical practice.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective The traditional round incision or cross incision brain harvesting method can not meet the requirements of protecting the donor's remains. In this study, the method of brain removal through a posterior incision on the scalp of both ears was proposed, which effectively protected the donor's remains. Methods Adopting the incision 2. 0 cm above the external occipital protuberance to the most front edge of the auricle to obtain a complete brain. Results The incision did not involve the head and face skin, which was small and conducive to suture repair and reduce exudation. Conclusion The incision effectively protects the donor' s remains, and it will be conducive to the establishment and development of the brain bank.