Objective: To evaluate value of application of intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS) in diagnosing borderline lesions in left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left main coronary artery (LM). Methods: According to results of coronary angiography (CAG) in 60 cases with coronary borderline lesions, including 20 cases in LM, 20 cases in proximal segment of LAD and 20 cases in middle segment of LAD, the diagnostic value of IVUS in coronary borderline lesion was evaluated. Results: Compared with CAG, mean diameter stenosis rate of each coronary artery [LM: (65.3l±7.81) % vs. (75.28±8.89) %，proximal segment of LAD: (66.67±8.79) % vs. (78.89±7.88) %，middle segment of LAD: (71.55±6.83) % vs. (75.3l±7.81) %, P<0.01 all] significantly increased in IVUS. The differences of detection rate of plaque calcification and plaque rupture were no significant between CAG and IVUS（＞0.05）. Conclusion: Different degrees of underestimation of coronary artery stenosis exist in CAG, especially in proximal segment of LAD. IVUS can be an effective complement to CAG.

Objective To recognize the existing problems of master of nursing specialist students during clinical practice.Methods Eight master of nursing specialist students from 4 general hospitals in Changchun city were selected as respondents.Data were collected by focus group interview and analyzed by qualitative research method.Results Three formed themes included feeling of great pressure in clinical practice,existing problem in clinical practice teaching and assessment.Conclusions School and hospital need cooperate to carry out a training on competence of nurses,establish a comprehensive supervised clinical practice teaching and a assessment system with nursing features.

Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of eye injury among military inpatients. Methods Data of eye injury among military inpatients from 15 military general hospitals during 2001 --2005 were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results There were 716 military inpatients with eye injuries, taking up 7.41% of the whole ocular trauma inpatients in corresponding time period. Military inpatients with eye injuries were admitted more in spring and summer; with sex ratio as 46.73:1 ; mean age as (24.99±8.40) years and 82.27% in 17-29 years while 7.82% were binocular injuries. A certain proportion of the complication appeared after the myoporthosis operations. Mechanical and non-mechanical eye injuries took up 92.49% and 7.51% respectively. Sports (17.62%), explosion (11.92%) and fighting (11.40%) related factors were the main causes of injuries. 51.55% of the accidents took place during working or training processes and 30.31% was on military training sites. At discharge, 22 eyeballs were removed mainly due to open globe injuries, 9 eyes with no light perception but vision acuity equalled to or more than 0.5 in 62.16% of the patients. Conclusion Of those eye injury inpatients, military training and construction for defense were the main causes related to occupational eye injuries among soldiers. Mutilation power of eye injury should not be ignored and epidemiological survey on military eye injuries need to be carried out more extensively.

AIM: To study the effects of oxidative modification lipoproteins on blood coagulation and fibrino (lysis) in vitro. METHODS: Normal human plasma VLDL, LDL and HDL, which were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation method, were oxidatively modified by Cu~(2+) and HOCl method. N-VLDL, Ox-VLDL, N-LDL, Ox-LDL, N-HDL, Ox-HDL were added to the reaction system which consisted of mixed fresh normal plasma respectively, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombplastin time (APTT), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and platelet aggregation were measured according to the direction of the kits. RESULTS: The relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), absorbance at 234nm and TBARS of oxidized VLDL, LDL and HDL mediated by HOCl or Cu~(2+) were significantly higher than that of the control group (P

Hypoxia inducible factor 1-α(HIF-1α) is a transcription factor induced by hypoxia, and it regulates the transcription of hypoxia-related genes for cells, especially for tumor cells to adapt to the hypoxic environment. HIF-1 α has been widely studied concerning breast cancer, liver cancer and other solid tumors. High expression level of HIF-1 α was related to tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapy-drug resistance. Recent studies showed that HIF-1α was closely related to the pathogenesis and the progress of hematological malignancies such as leukemias, and the expression of HIF-1 α was related to the prognosis of these patients. This paper reviews the research progress of HIF-1α in hematologic malignancies.

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Stents ; Stomach ; surgery ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; surgery

The morphological index of the seedlings including the plants height, the ground diameter, the leaf amounts, the fresh weight of the whole plant and the ratio of height to diameter was measured and the principal components were analyzed so as to determine the grading index, and stepwise cluster analysis was applied for clustering analysis. Pot experiments were used to measure the indicators of plant growth and development, the yield and the quality. The results showed that the height and ground diameter were determined as the quality indicators of the seedlings grading and the standard quality grading of seedlings of Anoectochilus roxburghii was initially set up, different seeding plants influenced the plants growth and the yield. The ground diameter of the class I was larger than that of the class II and III, so as the yield. The seedling grading had no obvious effect on the internal quality of medicinal materials. The results of the study provide the basis for standard cultivation of A. roxburghii.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reliability, practicability and limitations of cytopathological scrape method in the diagnosis of superficial lesions of skin and mucosal membrane.

METHODSThe quantity of cells harvested by different collecting methods were compared in 18 cases of malignant tumors of the skin and mucosal membrane. The scrape method was performed in 456 cases, of which 148 cases had corresponding histological specimens.

RESULTSGlass slide scraping provides the most satisfactory cell numbers from the lesions of skin and mucosal membrane. The specificity for diagnosing benign lesion in 37 patients was 100% and that for diagnosing malignant tumors in 111 patients was 92.8% (103). The overall diagnostic accuracy was 94.6% (140/148). The false negative rate, false positive rate and the overall misdiagnostic rates were 7.2% (8/111) , 0, and 5.4% (8/148) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSFor cytopathological examination of superficial skin and mucosal membrane lesions, the glass slide scraping methodprovides broad applications with high diagnostic accuracy and advantages of simplicity, safety and efficiency. Certain limitations do exist, but can be resolved by histological examination of the lesion.

Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cytodiagnosis ; Female ; Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Lip Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; Tongue Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To establish the animal model for the study of children with moderate blood lead levels in young rabbits,for the study of the ideal therapy for moderate lead poisoning in children.Methods Sixteen 45-day-old male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control and lead-exposed group,8 in each group.Rabbits in the lead-exposed group were treated with 5 mg/(kg?d)lead acetate in their forage for 6 weeks to establish moderate lead poisoning animal model.The blood lead levels(BLLs)were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS),and the urine lead levels and the lead concentrations of tissue and organ were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Histopathology in tissue and organ was observed under the light microscope.Results The BLLs and the urine lead levels in lead-exposed group step up rapidly in primal weeks,then retained at a steady levels.The BLLs exhibited moderate level BLLs during the lead exposure period.Compared with control group,the body weight gain,testis and hippocampus wet coefficient of the lead-exposed group significantly decreased(P_a

Confounding effect is a critical issue in clinical research of otolaryngology because it can distort the research’s conclusion. In this review, we introduce the definition of confounding effect, the methods of verifying and controlling the effect. Confounding effect can be prevented by research’s design, and adjusted by data analysis. Clinicians would be aware and cautious about confounding effect in their research. They would be able to set up a research’s design in which appropriate methods have been applied to prevent this effect. They would know how to adjust confounding effect after data collection. It is important to remember that sometimes it is impossible to eliminate confounding effect completely, and statistical method is not a master key. Solid research knowledge and critical thinking of our brain are the most important in controlling confounding effect.