Objective To recognize the existing problems of master of nursing specialist students during clinical practice.Methods Eight master of nursing specialist students from 4 general hospitals in Changchun city were selected as respondents.Data were collected by focus group interview and analyzed by qualitative research method.Results Three formed themes included feeling of great pressure in clinical practice,existing problem in clinical practice teaching and assessment.Conclusions School and hospital need cooperate to carry out a training on competence of nurses,establish a comprehensive supervised clinical practice teaching and a assessment system with nursing features.

AIMTo study the protective action of ulinastatin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice and the mechanism of its action.

METHODSMice were intraperitoneally injected with ulinastatin (50 and 100 ku x kg(-1)) or saline at a period of 12 h, separately, 30 min after the last injection of ulinastatin, except normal control, all mice of other groups were injected a dose of LPS 15 mg x kg(-1) via tail vein. The levels of TNFalpha in serum and lung were measured by ELISA. The expression of TNFalpha mRNA and iNOS mRNA in lung was assayed by RT-PCR. The expression of c-Fos and c-Jun protein in lung was measured by Western blotting method. And the NO2- / NO3- level in serum and MDA in lung were measured with kits.

RESULTSThe levels of NO2- / NO3- and TNFalpha in serum, MDA and TNFa in lung all increased after iv injection of LPS. The expressions of TNFa mRNA, iNOS mRNA, c-Fos and c-Jun in lung of LPS-injected mice were enhanced. Pretreatment with ulinastatin 100 ku x kg(-1) decreased the levels of NO2- / NO3- in serum and lung, reduced the index of lung, and inhibited the expressions of iNOS mRNA and c-Jun in lung induced by LPS in mice, while ulinastatin showed no effect on TNFa level in serum and lung.

CONCLUSIONUlinastatin protected mice from acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharides via inhibiting the activation of c-Jun and iNOS mRNA expression.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Glycoproteins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; blood ; genetics

AIM: To study the effects of oxidative modification lipoproteins on blood coagulation and fibrino (lysis) in vitro. METHODS: Normal human plasma VLDL, LDL and HDL, which were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation method, were oxidatively modified by Cu~(2+) and HOCl method. N-VLDL, Ox-VLDL, N-LDL, Ox-LDL, N-HDL, Ox-HDL were added to the reaction system which consisted of mixed fresh normal plasma respectively, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombplastin time (APTT), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and platelet aggregation were measured according to the direction of the kits. RESULTS: The relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), absorbance at 234nm and TBARS of oxidized VLDL, LDL and HDL mediated by HOCl or Cu~(2+) were significantly higher than that of the control group (P

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on aphasia recovery after stroke. Meth-ods From April, 2012 to January, 2013, 20 aphasic patients after stroke were enrolled in an A-B experiment design. During phase A, ten times of sham tDCS and language training (five days a week) were implemented, then ten times language training combined with tDCS (five days a week) were implemented in phase B. The treatment lasted for four weeks. Picture naming was measured for all patients before and af-ter treatment both in phase A and phase B. Results The D-value scores of picture naming before and after treatment were significantly more in phase B than in phase A in both treatment items and non-treatment items (t>3.030, P<0.05). Conclusion tDCS could raise the accuracy of picture naming in patients with aphasia after stroke.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the molecular mechanism of realgar-induced apoptosis and differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) cell line NB4.

METHODThe response of NB4 cells to realgar was explored with a cDNA microarray representing 1003 different human genes.

RESULTThe analysis of gene expression profiles indicated that 9 genes were up-regulated and 37 genes were down-regulated. Among the 9 up-regulated genes, 2 genes were involved in proteasome degradation pathway.

CONCLUSIONPSMC2, PSMD1 and ITGB1 genes may play a role in the apoptosis and differentiation of NB4 cells.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Genes, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Sulfides ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Perenniporia subacida.METHODS The chloroform-methanol extract from P.subacida was isolated and purified by silica,RP-18 and Sephadex LH-20 column,then the structures of obtained compands were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoicacid (1),2,5-dihydroxybenzoicacid (2),(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (3),hydroxylbenzaldehyde (4),4-hydroxyphenyl acetate (5),7-hydroxymethylphthalide (6),(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (7),(22E,24R)-5 α,8α-epidiory-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (8),(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3 β,5 β,6β-triol (9).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from Perenniporia subacida for the first time,and compound 6 is a new natural product.

The morphological index of the seedlings including the plants height, the ground diameter, the leaf amounts, the fresh weight of the whole plant and the ratio of height to diameter was measured and the principal components were analyzed so as to determine the grading index, and stepwise cluster analysis was applied for clustering analysis. Pot experiments were used to measure the indicators of plant growth and development, the yield and the quality. The results showed that the height and ground diameter were determined as the quality indicators of the seedlings grading and the standard quality grading of seedlings of Anoectochilus roxburghii was initially set up, different seeding plants influenced the plants growth and the yield. The ground diameter of the class I was larger than that of the class II and III, so as the yield. The seedling grading had no obvious effect on the internal quality of medicinal materials. The results of the study provide the basis for standard cultivation of A. roxburghii.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Stents ; Stomach ; surgery ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; surgery

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate variations of apolipoprotein A IV (apo A IV) gene and its relation to endogenous hypertriglyceridemia(HTG) in Chinese population.

METHODSOne hundred and six endogenous hypertriglyceridemics and 171 healthy subjects from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were studied using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and sequencing of apoA IV gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The polymorphic sites of apo A IV gene studied included codon 9 (A to G, synonymous mutation), codon 347 (A to T, non-synonymous mutation), codon 360 (G to T, non-synonymous mutation), and Msp I polymorphism (CC/TGG) within intron 2.

RESULTSThe frequency of G allele at codon 9 in HTG group was higher than that in healthy controls(0.453 vs 0.366, P<0.05). The other polymorphic sites showed no significant differences of the allele frequencies between the two groups. The frequencies of rare alleles, such as G allele at codon 9, T allele at codon 347 and T allele at codon 360 polymorphic site were significantly different from those reported in European Caucasians (0.366 vs 0.032, P<0.001, 0.000 vs 0.160, P<0.001; 0.000 vs 0.070, P<0.001), but no differences were found when compared with those in Japanese, including Msp I site (P>0.05). In the healthy male control group, subjects with genotype G/G of codon 9 had a higher serum mean concentration of apoA I when compared with that of genotype A/A(P<0.01). In the HTG group, subjects with genotype C/T of Msp I site had a higher serum mean concentration of TG with compared with those with genotype C/C and T/T (P<0.05). This difference was only observed in male HTG group when male and female subgroups were further separated.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that Msp I and codon 9 polymorphism in apoA IV gene are associated with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia to some extent in Chinese population.

Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoproteins A ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVETo investigate the variations of ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) gene and its relation to endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in Chinese population.

METHODSA total of three hundred and nine subjects (one hundred and nine endogenous hypertriglyceridemics and 200 healthy controls) from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSThe frequency of K allele at R219K site 0.472 and 0.436 in normal and HTG group, respectively. No significant difference between normal control and HTG group was found in both allele and genotype frequencies. In both normal and HTG groups, subjects with genotype KK had a higher serum mean concentration of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared with those with genotype RR, respectively (1.48+/-0.45 mmol/L vs 1.27+/-0.29 mmol/L, P<0.05; 1.07+/-0.30 mmol/L vs 0.87+/-0.19 mmol/L, P<0.05). In normal group, subjects with genotype RK had a lower triglyceride (TG) level compared with those with genotype RR (1.22+/-0.37 mmol/L vs 1.41+/-0.84 mmol/L, P<0.05). In addition, the subjects carrying K allele in HTG group had a decreased total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio compared with those with genotype RR (KK vs RK vs RR: 4.82+/-1.28 vs 5.42+/-1.62 vs 6.33+/-1.70, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that R219K polymorphism in ABCA1 gene is not only associated with serum HDL-C and TG levels in healthy Chinese subjects in Chengdu area, but also with HDL-C level and TC/HDL-C ratio in subjects with endogenous HTG.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; blood ; ethnology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Triglycerides ; blood