OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of detecting of Y-STR of fetal DNA in maternal plasma using Ion Torrent PGM™ System. METHODS: A total of 16 fetal DNA samples from maternal plasmas (8 cases from 38 weeks gestational age and 8 ones from 12 weeks) were prepared and a multiplex assay with 7 STR loci (DYS390, DYS391, DYS393, DYS438, DYS437, DYS456, DYS635) was designed for multiplex-PCR amplification. Using Ion Torrent PGM™ System, the results of Y-STR sequences and capillary electrophoresis were obtained and compared. RESULTS: Y-STR specific alleles were detected in the maternal plasma of all the pregnant women having male babies of second and third trimester, which were higher than that detected by capillary electrophoresis. Consistent Y-STR genotypes were observed between fetal DNA from maternal plasma and genomic DNA from the newborn babies. CONCLUSION Based on Ion Torrent PGM™ System, the prenatal Y-STR detection method may provide a high-sensitive and high-throughput choice for prenatal STR detection in forensic testing.
Alleles ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; DNA/blood* ; Family ; Female ; Fetal Blood/chemistry* ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pregnancy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Determination Analysis ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To develop a multiplex allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay with three-color fluorescence labeling for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) SNP typing. METHODS: Based on the principle of AS-PCR, the primer sets were designed for 20 SNP located on the coding region of mtDNA and divided into 2 groups labeled with FAM and HEX fluorescence, respectively. A primer set included two forward (reverse) allelic specific primers with different sizes and a generic reverse (forward) primer. Blood samples from 200 unrelated individuals were analyzed by AS-PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Three random samples at least for each SNP site were examined and verified by direct sequencing. The haplotype frequency was investigated. RESULTS: Distinct electropherograms of 200 blood samples were obtained successfully. The typing results of direct sequencing were identical to those obtained from AS-PCR. The minimum detectable DNA concentration was 0.2 pg under the system of 10 microL. The sensitivity of the DNA concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 5 pg. The 200 individuals were assigned into 15 haplotype, and the haplotype diversity was 0.906 0. CONCLUSION AS-PCR is a simple, rapid and efficient method for mtDNA SNP typing, and can be applied to forensic practice.
Alleles ; DNA ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis* ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Phase 1 clinical trials is a key step for new drugs from basic experiments to human verification.Developed countries have formulated the corresponding laws , regulations and policies and guiding principles.Association The British Pharmaceutical Industry ( ABPI ) released a 2012 version of guidelines for phase 1 clinical trials.It provided professional guidances for some important problems in phase 1 clinical trials ( such as risk assessment , contracts and agreements , confidentiality , subjects , in-vestigational medicinal products and so on ).This paper makes a brief in-troduction of guiding principles for phase 1 clinical trials on the 2012 ver-sion of the ABPI.

Objective To investigate the mental health in clinical practice of nursing students in different regions and to provide a basis for administration and education. Methods 110 interns were investigated by SLSI and SRHMS, and the data were treated with SPSS 11.0. Results There were significant differences (P ＜ 0. 05) in negative emotion, emotional reaction and etc. Conclusions Some measures should be taken to deal with different interns during the administration and our attention should be focused on psychological training.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the -384A>C polymorphism in the promoter region of endothelial lipase (EL) gene on serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in healthy normolipidemic (HTG) and endogenous hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) subjects.

METHODSTwo hundred and fourteen healthy normolipidemic and 103 endogenous hypertriglyceridemic subjects from a population of Chinese Han nationality in Chengdu area were studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs). Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic kits and apolipoproteins AI, AII, B100, CII, CIII and E were measured by the radial immunadiffussion kits.

RESULTSThe frequency of the C allele at the -384A>C site in EL gene in the population (0.178) was higher than that of Japanese population (0.119) and Japanese Americans (0.115) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01), respectively. No significant difference between normolipidemic and HTG groups was found in both allele and genotype frequencies. In normal group, subjects of the C allele carriers (A/C and C/C genotype carriers) had a higher serum mean concentration of TC, LDL-C and nHDL-C when compared with those of genotype AA (5.23 +/- 0.74 mmol/L vs 4.93 +/- 0.74 mmol/L, P=0.025; 3.27 +/- 0.74 mmol/L vs 2.98 +/- 0.80 mmol/L, P=0.038; 3.81 +/- 0.73 mmol/L vs 3.49 +/- 0.85 mmol/L, P=0.031, respectively). Similar result was only observed in female subgroup when male and female subgroups were further separated. No significant changes of lipid and lipoprotein levels were observed in the polymorphism in HTG group.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the -384A>C polymorphism in the promoter region of the endothelial lipase gene is associated with serum TC, LDL-C, and nHDL-C levels in healthy Chinese subjects in Chengdu area, but not associated with the lipid levels in the endogenous hypertriglyceridmic group.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Apolipoproteins C ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; genetics ; Lipase ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Population Groups ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo realize human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) super-infected with hepatitis G virus(HGV or GBV/C) and to probe into the mechanism of these virus infection in the body.

METHODSHIV and HCV load were tested by the quantitated RT-PCR in the HIV or HCV infected plasma samples respectively and the HGV RNA was detected in all of the samples. Then some of the HGV positive were sequenced.

RESULTS123 of 317 HIV patients were positive for HGV, the positive rate was 38.8%. Among the 91 HCV patients, 19 were positive for HGV. The positive rate is 20.9% which was less than that of HIV patients. HIV load of the patients super-infected with HGV was less than that of those without HGV[(1.8+/-0.6)x10 copies/ml compared with (1.9+/-1.1)x10(2)copies/ml]; while HGV and HCV super-infection did not influence the HCV RNA load significantly [(1.5+/-0.6)x10(4) copies/ml compared with (5.4+/-1.8)x10(4)copies/ml]. The HGV sequences from HIV or HCV patients were compared and showed no difference markedly.

CONCLUSIONThe rate of the HIV and HGV super-infection is higher than that of HCV. HGV may inhibit HIV reproduction in the body while superinfection.

GB virus C ; HIV ; physiology ; HIV Infections ; virology ; Hepacivirus ; physiology ; Hepatitis C ; virology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; virology ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Virus Replication

BACKGROUNDEstrogen might play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) gene (also named ESR1), including the XbaI and PvuII restriction enzyme polymorphisms of ESR1, which may be involved in disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether ERX gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and serum lipid level.

METHODSTwo hundred and ninety-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were compared with three hundred and forty-one health controls of Guangzhou in China, both were male and postmenopausal female residents at 51 - 70 years. ESR1 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis.

RESULTSESR1 allelic frequencies of P, p and X, x alleles were 0.408, 0.592; 0.360, 0.640 in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group and 0.318, 0.682; 0.328, 0.672 in the control group, respectively. In case-control study, there was significant difference in PvuII, but not XbaI, allele frequency between the type 2 diabetes mellitus and control groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.122). When the group was separated into men and women, the difference was significant in women (P < 0.001) but not in men (P = 0.854) with the PvuII genotype, and the effect of PvuII variant on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus was improved with aging. In addition, PvuII genotype was associated with blood glucose [fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG)] and serum lipid [total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-c] concentration in healthy women.

CONCLUSIONSPvuII polymorphism of ESR1 increases susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Guangzhou women. ESR1 variants may also impact serum lipid metabolism, which might provide a mechanism connecting ESR1 to type 2 diabetes.

Aged ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; genetics ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Traditional Chinese medicinal resource survey method is time-consuming, strenuous, and having great human influence, the precision is not high enough. This paper, by using spatial information technology, carries on spatial sampling survey for wild medicinal plants resource for generous species to arrange the quadrat scientifically and estimate the suitable area, reserve precisely of medicinal plants. It not only improves the survey precision, but reduces the workload of field survey and provides scientific basis for survey method of pilot work on the fourth national traditional Chinese medicinal resource census.
Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; Spatial Analysis

According to the process of the technical specification (TS) design for the fourth national survey of the Chinese materia medica resources (CMMR), we analyzed the assignment and objectives of the national survey and pointed out that the differences about CMMR management around China, the distribution of CMMR and their habitat, the economic and technological level, and even enthusiasm and initiative of the staff, etc. are the most difficult points for TS design. And we adopt the principle of combination of the mandatory and flexibility in TS design. We fixed the key points which would affect the quality of national survey first, then proposed the framework of TS which including 3 parts of organization and 11 parts of technique itself. The framework will serve and lead the TS preparation, which will not only provide an action standard to the national survey but will also have a profound influence to the popularization and application of the survey technology of CMMR. [Key words]
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; legislation & jurisprudence ; manpower ; methods ; standards ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Collection ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imagery changes of the upper airway and the surrounding soft tissues of local adults with non-apnea who used snore guard and to provide experimental data for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

METHODSThirty students with non-apnea from Hebei medical university were chosen, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the changes of the upper airway and the surrounding soft tissues after snore guards were used. SPSS 105 software was used to analyze statistically.

RESULTSAfter the snore guard was put into oral cavity, the change of the average section and volume of the nasopharynx, the palatopharynx, the hypopharynx and the glossopharynx were statistically significant. The average sagittal size, the average horizontal size of the nasopharynx, the palatopharynx, the hypopharynx and the glossopharynx were increased statistically. The ratio of sagittal size, the horizontal sizand the in the hypopharynx and the glossopharynx changed statistically important. There was a decrease of the soft palate, the shape, the height, and the length of the tongue, the difference was statistically significant. The results demonstrated that snore guard affected the upper airway mainly by changing the volume and the shape of the upper airway, there was an obvious increase of the pharynx. The results also showed that snore guard could increase the width (both sagittal and horizontal) of the upper airway and could change the shape of the surrounding soft tissues, which caused air way more smooth. Snore guard could make the indexes of soft palate and tongue change decreasingly, resulted in the straight stand up of the tongue and the forwardness of the soft palate.

CONCLUSIONSnore guard is an effective and convenient instrument for treating the patients with OSAS.

Adult ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Palate, Soft ; Pharynx ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Tongue