ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of Danggui Shaoyaosan （DSS） on the gut microbiota of the Alzheimer's disease （AD） model in SAMP8 mice based on 16S rDNA sequencing. MethodTwenty-four SAMP8 mice aged seven months were randomly divided into low-， medium-， and high-dose DSS groups （14.4， 28.8， 57.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and a model group according to a random number table， with six rats in each group. Six SAMR1 mice of the same age were assigned to the normal group. After intragastric administration for eight consecutive weeks， 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to detect the gut microbiota of feces in mice. Morris water maze was employed to assess the directional navigation and space exploration ability of mice. Nissl staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to measure the protein content of hippocampal amyloid β-protein （Aβ） and hyperphosphorylated Tau （p-Tau）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group presented a declining α diversity （P<0.05）， markedly altered β diversity， prolonged escape latency （P<0.05）， reduced number of platform crossings and cumulative duration in the targeted quadrant （P<0.05）， decreased neurons and Nissl bodies in the CA1 hippocampal area， and up-regulated Aβ and p-Tau expression （P<0.05）. However， DSS intervention enhanced the α diversity， and medium- and high-dose DSS， especially the medium-dose DSS， could result in α diversity similar to the control group. Moreover， at the phylum level， the abundance of Firmicutes increased （P<0.05）， while the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria decreased （P<0.05）. At the genus level， the abundance of Lactobacillus and other genera increased （P<0.05）， while the abundance of Bacteroides， Helicobacterium， Rikenella， Parabacteroides， Sutterella， and Mucilaginibacter decreased （P<0.05）. The DSS groups also showed shortened escape latency （P<0.05）， increased number of platform crossings and cumulative duration in the targeted quadrant （P<0.05）， increased Nissl bodies （P<0.05）， and reduced Aβ and p-Tau content （P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Mucilaginibacter， Bacteroides， and Sutterella was negatively correlated with the cognitive ability of SAMP8 mice， while the abundance of Lactobacillus and Butyricimonas was positively correlated with the cognitive ability of SAMP8 mice. ConclusionDSS can improve the cognitive ability of SAMP8 mice， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of gut microbiota diversity and community composition.

【Objective】 To understand the current situation of blood components distribution in domestic prefecture-level blood stations through analyzing the components distribution data of 24 prefecture-level blood stations in China. 【Methods】 The data of components distribution of 24 blood stations from 2017 to 2020 as well as the data of blood deployment of 24 blood stations from 2019 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, positive annual growth in red blood cells, plasma and cryoprecipitate was observed in 22, 19 and 15 out of the 24 blood stations, and the annual growth median rate of above three components was 5.24%, 3.80% and 3.25%, respectively. Among the 24 prefecture-level blood stations, 23 carried out the preparation of cryoprecipitate. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of red blood cells, cryoprecipitate and plasma in prefecture-level blood stations is increasing year by year. However, there is a overstock of plasma, and most blood stations need blood employment.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect and safety of Shanhaidan Granules (SHDG) combined with tadalafil tablets (TT) in the treatment of ED. METHODS: In this open multi-center case-control clinical trial, we enrolled 247 ED patients according to the designed criteria, and treated them orally with SHDG at 10 g per time tid (n = 74), TT at 5 mg per time bid (n = 52), or SHDG + TT at the above doses (n = 121), all for 8 weeks. Before and after medication, we recorded the IIEF-6, erection hardness scores (EHS), traditional Chinese medicine syndromes (TCMS) scores, penile cavernous blood flow parameters and adverse reactions, and compared them between the 3 groups of patients. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment, all the patients showed significantly increased IIEF-6, EHS and TCMS scores in comparison with the baseline (P < 0.05). The total effectiveness rates in the SHDG, TT and SHDG + TT groups were 60.8%, 67.3% and 69.4% respectively based on the IIEF-6 scores, remarkably higher in the TT and SHDG + TT groups than in the SHDG group (P < 0.05), and 40.5%, 32.7% and 63.6% respectively according to the TCMS scores, markedly higher in the SHDG and SHDG + TT groups than in the TT group (P < 0.05). Single-center data manifested significantly increased peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the penile artery in the SHDG + TT and TT groups (P < 0.05). The improvement values of relevant parameters were remarkably higher in the SHDG + TT group than in the TT and SHDG groups, so were IIEF-6 scores in the TT than in the SHDG group, and TCM syndromes in the SHDG than in the TT group. No medication-related adverse events were found in any of patients after treatment, except for some mild side effects including muscle soreness and gastrointestinal reactions in a few cases, all soon relieved, none with abnormalities in blood and urine routine tests or hepatic and renal function indicators. CONCLUSIONS Shanhaidan Granules combined with tadalafil can significantly improve the erectile function and reduce TCM syndromes in ED patients, and therefore can be applied effectively and safely in clinical practice./.
Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Penile Erection ; Syndrome ; Tadalafil/therapeutic use*

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of acute herpes zoster. The treatment of PHN remains a challenge for clinical pain management. Despite the effectiveness of anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and lidocaine patches in reducing PHN, many patients still face intractable pain disorders.In this randomized controlled study, we evaluated whether hydromorphone through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) was effective in relieving PHN. Methods: Patients with PHN were randomly divided into two groups, one group received oral pregabalin with IV normal saline, another group received oral pregabalin with additional IV PCA hydromorphone for two weeks. Efficacy was evaluated at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the end of the treatments. Results: Two hundred and one patients were followed up for 12 weeks. After treatment, numerical rating scale (NRS) score of patients in the hydromorphone group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference of NRS scores between the two groups was statistically significant at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. The frequency of breakthrough pain in the hydromorphone group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1 and 4 weeks after treatment.After treatment, the quality of sleep in the hydromorphone group was significantly improved compared with the control group. The most common adverse reactions in the hydromorphone group were dizziness and nausea, with no significant respiratory depression. Conclusions IV PCA hydromorphone combined with oral pregabalin provides superior pain relief in patients with PHN, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of acute herpes zoster. The treatment of PHN remains a challenge for clinical pain management. Despite the effectiveness of anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and lidocaine patches in reducing PHN, many patients still face intractable pain disorders.In this randomized controlled study, we evaluated whether hydromorphone through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) was effective in relieving PHN. Methods: Patients with PHN were randomly divided into two groups, one group received oral pregabalin with IV normal saline, another group received oral pregabalin with additional IV PCA hydromorphone for two weeks. Efficacy was evaluated at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the end of the treatments. Results: Two hundred and one patients were followed up for 12 weeks. After treatment, numerical rating scale (NRS) score of patients in the hydromorphone group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference of NRS scores between the two groups was statistically significant at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. The frequency of breakthrough pain in the hydromorphone group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1 and 4 weeks after treatment.After treatment, the quality of sleep in the hydromorphone group was significantly improved compared with the control group. The most common adverse reactions in the hydromorphone group were dizziness and nausea, with no significant respiratory depression. Conclusions IV PCA hydromorphone combined with oral pregabalin provides superior pain relief in patients with PHN, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To observe the effects of Gandouling on reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA and protein of neural stem cells of the mice cultured in high concentration copper. Methods The model of neural stem cells of the mice was cultured in vitro with high concentration copper. The experimental rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, and Gandouling low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. Each medication group was given relevant concentration of Gandouling serum for gavage. The MTT was adopted to test proliferation level on neural stem cells; flow cytometer was used to examine the change of ROS level in cells; qPCR was used to measure the expression of Nrf2 mRNA;Western blot was used to measure the change of the level of protein Nrf2 in cells. Results Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation rate of neural stem cells was significantly decreased, ROS levels were significantly increased, and Nrf2 gene and protein expression was significantly decreased (P＜0.01). Compared with the model group, neural stem cells proliferation rate was significantly increased, ROS levels were significantly reduced, and Nrf2 gene and protein expression was significantly increased (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Conclusion Gandouling can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells in mice by reducing ROS content in high copper-loaded mice and up-regulating Nrf2 expression.

Objective To investigate the seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in Taibai Lake area of Jining City,and evaluate the application effects of two mosquito trapping tools(Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp and WJ-C mosquito sampler),so as to provide references for the effective surveillance,prevention and control of local mosquito vectors.Methods The overnight cap-ture of mosquitoes with a man-bait net trap,Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp,and WJ-C mosquito sampler was performed to col-lect mosquitoes.The species of adult mosquitoes and seasonal fluctuations were investigated and analyzed.Results A total of 10 914 mosquitoes belonging to 13 species,5 genera were collected with the overnight capture of mosquitoes with the man-bait net trap,and Culex tritaeniorhynchus,Cx.pipiens palllen and Mansonia uniformis were the dominant species,accounting for 77.41％of the total.The proportion of Coquillettidia ochracea increased significantly.All the adult mosquitoes appeared in June,and reached the density peak in July and August.Both of the two surveillance tools showed relatively sensitive capture perfor-mance against mosquitoes.The trapping results of WJ-C mosquito sampler were basically the same as the man-bait trapping meth-od,however,the amount of Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia ochracea collected by Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp was significantly lower than that of the man-bait trapping method.Conclusions The mosquito species are varied in Taibai Lake area of Jining City.Therefore,monitoring should be strengthened.In addition,the two mosquito trapping tools are sensitive,but they have both advantages and disadvantages,thus we should better pay attention to the consistency of monitoring methods in use.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of heat exposure during the second week of pregnancy on placental development and intrauterine growth of fetal rats.

METHODS24 pregnant rats were either exposed or not to a temperature of 35∓1 degrees celsius; during the second week of pregnancy. The body weight gain of the pregnant rats was measured regularly, and in late pregnancy, the pregnant rats were dissected and the number, weight, length, tail length, appearance of the offspring rats, number of live and still births, and the placental weight were recorded. The expressions of HSP70, Bax and Bcl-2 in the placenta were determined.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the pregnant rats in heat exposure group had significantly lower body weight at the end of pregnancy and gestational weight gain, and the body weight, body length and tail length of the offspring rats were also significantly lower or smaller (P<0.05). The placental weight was comparable between the two groups. The placental expressions of HSP70,Bax,and Bcl-2 were significantly higher in the heat exposure group than in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHeat exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy has adverse effects on placental development and intrauterine growth of the fetal rats by inducing heat shock response of placental tissue and apoptosis of the placental cells.

Objective To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. Methods A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases. Results A total of 133 cases were identified as malaria in Shanxian county during this period, including 124 indigenous cases (93.2%) and 9 imported cases (6.8%). The 124 indigenous malaria cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), whereas 7 of the 9 confirmed imported cases were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), 1 was infected with Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) and 1 patient was infected with P. falciparum mixed with P. vivax. The total number of malaria cases included 86 males (64.7%) and 47 females (35.3%). Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 83 years, although most (64.7%) infections occurred in the 21-to 60-year-old age group. Remarkably, 117 of the total malaria cases (98.0%) were reported from 2006 to 2011. The epidemic season was from June to October, with the peak occurring yearly from July to September. The most common occupation of the infected patients was farmer. In total, 58.1% of the cases occurred in 3 townships, namely, Fugang, Huanggang and Caozhuang. Conclusions In Shanxian county, the local malaria incidence experienced an emerge-peak-control-eliminate status. However, due to the numbers of migrant labourers returning from Africa, imported cases were continuous and presented an increasing annual trend, which became a non-negligible and a significant impediment for malaria elimination. Therefore, the need to eliminate instances of malaria reintroduction to receptive malaria-free areas should drive strategies to align with the epidemiological changes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of the serious complications related with double-J ureteral stent placement following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

METHODSClinical data were reviewed for 272 patients treated with PCNL and indwelling double-J stents between January, 2014 and April, 2016. The risk factors of serious complications were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSSerious complications of double-J ureteral stenting occurred in 63 patients (23.1%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the ureter abnormalities (β=1.735, P=0.000, OR=5.670), stent indwelling duration (β=1.206, P=0.028, OR=3.340), gender (β=0.895, P=0.016, OR=2.446), preoperative urinary tract infection (β=0.849, P=0.020 , OR=2.338) and stent size (β=0.847, P=0.011, OR=2.333) were all risk factors of serious complications related with the procedure.

CONCLUSIONMale patients are exposed to a higher risk of serious complications following PCNL. Effective management of urinary tract infection and choice of appropriate stent size in cases of ureteral abnormalities help to reduce these complications. The double-J stent should be withdrawn as soon as possible in patients with good postoperative recovery.

Female ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Postoperative Period ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; adverse effects ; Ureter ; surgery ; Ureteral Obstruction ; surgery