OBJECTIVE: To establish a multiplex STR genotyping method for autosomal STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biological practice. METHODS: Widely used autosomal STR loci and Y-STR loci were selected. A set of PCR primers was designed, and a 5-dye fluorescent labeled STR multiplex PCR reagent kit was developed. RESULTS: A kit was developed which can simultaneously detect 15 autosomal STR loci, 10 Y-STR loci, and an Amelogenin. CONCLUSION The 15 autosomal STR plus 10 Y-STR kit in combination with capillary electrophoresis method was used to STR genotyping with accurate and reliable results. The new one-step testing kit can potentially be widely used in forensic cases and DNA databank in the future.
Amelogenin ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; DNA Primers ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques/instrumentation* ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo develop a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the human ankle with fine details and analyze the stress distribution on the talus during different gait phases.

METHODSMimics13.0 and Geomagic10.0 software were used for geometric reconstruction of the ankle based on the 3D CT data of the foot. The model was meshed and assigned with the material properties in Hypermesh10.0 software. The model was then imported to Abaqus6.9, and the stress condition of the talus during the 3 phases (heel-strike, midstance, push-off) of normal gait was simulated to calculate the stress distribution within the bone.

RESULTSThe three-dimensional finite element model of the ankle established consisted of 21 865 nodes and 73 440 elements. The stress distribution within the bone in 3 phases of normal gait differed significantly. The peak von Mises stress on the talus dome, from the heel-strike to push-off phases, was 3.0 MPa, 4.3 MPa and 4.8 MPa, as compared to 1.3 MPa, 1.9 MPa and 2.8 MPa on the talar neck, 2.8 MPa, 3.0 MPa, and 3.4 MPa on the talonavicular joint surface, and 2.2 MPa, 1.8 MPa and 1.5 MPa on the subtalar joint, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe finite element model of the talus shows a good response against the experimental data and can be used to simulate the biomechanic experiment of the talus.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis ; Gait ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Software ; Stress, Mechanical ; Talus ; anatomy & histology ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of intra-articular ozone injection at different concentrations on the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TNF receptor I (TNFR I), and TNFR II in the serum and synovium of rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore the therapeutic mechanism of ozone in RA treatment.

METHODSForty-eight Wistar rats were randomized into 8 groups, including 5 ozone groups receiving intra-articular injection of 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 µg/ml ozone, a blank control group, an oxygen group and a RA model group. All the rats, except for those in the blank control group, were subjected to hypodermic injection of bovine collagen II and complete Freunds adjuvant to induce RA. Ozone treatment was administered once weekly for 3 weeks starting at 21 days after the modeling. The swelling and thickness of the hind paws were observed, and the serum and synovial contents of TNF-α, TNFR I, and TNFR II were detected.

RESULTSAt the end of treatment, the paw thickness was reduced significantly in rats with 40 µg/ml ozone injection compared with that in the model RA group (P<0.01). The serum contents of TNF-α, TNFR I and TNFR II showed no significant difference between the RA model group, oxygen group and the ozone groups, but their synovial contents showed significant reductions in rats with 40 and 50 µg/ml ozone injection (P<0.01); the synovial TNFR I was significantly higher in 40 µg/ml ozone group than in the model group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntra-articular injection of 40 µg/ml ozone can attenuate synovitis in rats with RA, the mechanism of which may involve the inhibition of TNF-α and TNFR II activity and enhancement of TNFR I activity in the synovium.

Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; metabolism ; therapy ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Male ; Ozone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique and significance of mastoscopic axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy.

METHODSSixty-two patients with breast cancer use methylene blue to test axillary sentinel lymph node. Sentinel lymph node was moved with endoscopy, and endoscopic axillary lymph nod dissection was performed. Pathological examination of sentinel lymph node and axillary lymph node was made with HE. To evaluate detection rate and false negative rate in sentinel lymph node.

RESULTSAmong the 62 patients, 61 were confirmed by endoscopic axillary sentinel lymph nod biopsy. Detection rate was 98.4%. Thirty-five cases were no metastasis, 27 cases were metastasis, false negative rate was 0.

CONCLUSIONSMastoscopic axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy has a high detection rate, good efficiency of cosmetic and lower complications. It has higher sensitivity than traditional axillary lymph nod dissection and provide accurate lymph node stages.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in female populations in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.

METHODSTotally 1137 women aged 15-59 from Shahe Community, Nanshan District, Shenzhen were investigated for cervical cancer during an population-based epidemiological screening from November 2004 to December 2004. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, liquid-based cytology test (LCT), and hybrid capture 2 (HC-) were performed to detect the high-risk HPV types in cervical secretions. Biopsy under colposcope was performed in women who were HPV-positive with LCT >or= atypical squamous cells of undetermined sign (ASCUS) or HPV-negative with LCT >or= low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), with the pathological results as the golden standards.

RESULTSThe detection rate of high-risk HPV-DNA was 14.0%. HPV detection rates in 15-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50-59 age groups were 15.5%, 17.7%, 12.6%, 8.8%, 10.2%, 15.3%, and 21.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). HPV detection rates in 25-29 years group and 50-59 years group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05) and 35-39 group had the lowest detection rate. The curve of HPV infection rates in all groups was 'V' type. The overall incidence of CIN was 4.4%. The incidences of CIN , CIN , and CIN were 3.2%, 1.0%, and 0.3%, respectively, in which the incidence of CIN was significantly higher than those of CIN and . HPV detection rates increased with cervical lesion grades, which in >or=CIN groups and normal group were 100.0% and 8.3%, respectively. No cervical cancer was identified in this research. The sensitivities of VIA, colposcopy, LCT, and HC-II for high-risk HPV screening were 35.7%, 50.0%, 92.9%,and 100%, respectively, in detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the specificities of these four methods were 96.0%, 87.2%, 88.4%, and 86.9%, respectively. Satisfactory negative predictive values were obtained for all methods.

CONCLUSIONSHPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN. Cervical cancer among female populations in Shenzhen is still in early stages. Prevention of HPV infection and treatment of CIN are key for the prevention of cervical cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; epidemiology ; Chi-Square Distribution ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

In order to obtain the characteristics and incidence of adverse reactions of Shuxuening injection (Xingxue), the design method of a multi-center, large sample intensive monitoring in the hospitals was adopted. The hospitalized patients with use of Shuxuening injection from 27 medical institutions were enrolled as the research subjects to monitor their entire process of treatment cycle. The main content of monitoring included the patients' general information, diagnostic information, medication information, and adverse event information. A total of 30 209 patients with Shuxuening injection were enrolled; adverse reactions occurred in 34 cases, with an incidence of 0.113%, which belonged to the rare adverse reactions. Adverse reactions were characterized by headache, dizziness, pruritus, palpitations, nausea, et al. All the above results showed that Xingxue Shuxuening injection had high safety in clinical application.

Chinese medicinal resources are the cornerstone of the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine industry. However, due to the fecundity of species, over-exploitation, and limitations of artificial cultivation, some medicinal plants are depleted and even endangered. Tissue culture, a breakthrough technology in the breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, is not limited by time and space, and can allow the production on an annual basis, which plays an important role in the protection of Chinese medicinal resources. The present study reviewed the applications of tissue culture of medicinal plants in the field of Chinese medicinal resources, including rapid propagation of medicinal plant seedlings, breeding of novel high-yield and high-quality cultivars, construction of a genetic transformation system, and production of secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, the current challenges and suggestions for the future development of this field were also proposed.
Sustainable Development ; Plants, Medicinal/genetics* ; Plant Breeding ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Technology

It is of vital significance to conduct active post-marketing surveillance of Chinese medicine, as an active response to laws, rules and guidelines issued by the China food and drug administration. The standards for technological specifications based on expert consensus have been drafted. These will provide technological support in evaluating adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or adverse drug events (ADEs). The technological specifications for post-marketing surveillance focus on two surveillance designs; one is a large sample registry study to explore general population ADR/ADE characteristics, the other is a nested case-control study to explore the characteristic and mechanisms of ADRs.
China ; epidemiology ; Drug Monitoring ; adverse effects ; standards ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; standards ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; methods ; standards