OBJECTIVE: To establish a multiplex STR genotyping method for autosomal STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biological practice. METHODS: Widely used autosomal STR loci and Y-STR loci were selected. A set of PCR primers was designed, and a 5-dye fluorescent labeled STR multiplex PCR reagent kit was developed. RESULTS: A kit was developed which can simultaneously detect 15 autosomal STR loci, 10 Y-STR loci, and an Amelogenin. CONCLUSION The 15 autosomal STR plus 10 Y-STR kit in combination with capillary electrophoresis method was used to STR genotyping with accurate and reliable results. The new one-step testing kit can potentially be widely used in forensic cases and DNA databank in the future.
Amelogenin ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; DNA Primers ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques/instrumentation* ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of vascular endothelial functions and general neuro-endocrine-immunity (NEI) network under the state of qi-deficiency syndrome induced by excessive idleness and to approach their internal relevance and illuminate initially the pathophysiological mechanism of vascular lesion induced by excessive idleness.

METHODSA total of 100 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group and the qi-deficiency syndrome model group, 50 rats in each group. The qi-deficiency syndrome model was established by feeding the animals with hyper-alimentation diet in combination with restricting movement for 10 weeks. Changes of common chemical signal molecules related to NEI and vascular endothelial functions were measured by the end of the experiment. Furthermore, their internal relevance was analyzed by the method of canonical correlation analysis.

RESULTSThe vascular endothelial structure and function were obviously injured in the model group. Compared with the control group, the chemical signal molecules, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), corticosterone (CORT), triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), angiotensin II (Ang II), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in peripheral blood of the model group (n=43) were changed significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Canonical correlation analysis showed that vascular endothelial dysfunction was correlated to the changes of these signal molecules in the NEI network.

CONCLUSIONSComfort-based lifestyle induced not only vascular endothelial dysfunction but also an imbalance of the NEI network. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and the imbalanced NEI network interacted with each other, and an imbalance of the NEI network may be the pathophysiologic basis for the genesis and development of vascular endothelial dysfunction, even diseases of the blood vessel.

Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; ultrastructure ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelins ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Immune System ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiology ; Male ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Qi ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Syndrome ; Yin Deficiency ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of phloroglucinol in preventing bladder spasm after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

METHODSUsing the random sampling method, we assigned 74 cases of TURP into a treatment group (n = 39), given 80 mg phloroglucinol every day for 3 days, and a control group (n = 35), left untreated. Then we observed the frequency, duration and pain of bladder spasm within the 3 days and compared them between the two groups.

RESULTSThe mean frequency, duration and pain visual analogue score of bladder spasm were (4.3 +/- 1.2) times, (7.2 +/- 2.1) min and 3.2 +/- 1.6 respectively in the treatment group, as compared with (7.5 +/- 2.4) times, (15.6 +/- 6.8) min and 4.7 +/- 2.3 in the control, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). And no obvious adverse reactions were found in the treatment group.

CONCLUSIONPhloroglucinol is safe and effective for the prevention and treatment of bladder spasm following TURP.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phloroglucinol ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; adverse effects ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; etiology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of serum leptin (LEP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in children with congenital heart disease(CHD) and their roles in CHD.

METHODSForty-eight children with acyanotic CHD (ACHD group), 20 age-matched children with cyanotic CHD (CCHD group) and 20 healthy children (control group) were enrolled. The ACHD group was subdivided into two groups with (n=20) or without concurrent heart failure (n=28). Serum LEP, VEGF, total protein and albumin levels and body mass index (BMI) were measured.

RESULTSSerum total protein and albumin levels were not apparently different in all CHD children from healthy controls, but there was a significant difference in the BMI between them (p<0.01). Serum LEP and VEGF levels and the ratio of LEP/BMI in all CHD children were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (p<0.01). Compared with the ACHD group without heart failure, the serum LEP and VEGF levels and the ratio of LEP/BMI in the CCHD and the ACHD with heart failure groups increased significantly (p<0.01). In the ACHD group, serum LEP level was positively correlated with BMI (p<0.01). In the CCHD group, there were positive correlations between serum LEP level and serum VEGF level (p<0.01) and between hemoglobin concentration and serum VEGF level (p<0.01). Arterial oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with serum VEGF (p<0.01) and LEP levels (p<0.01) in the CCHD group.

CONCLUSIONSBoth VEGF and LEP play roles in the pathophisiological process of CHD. VEGF and LEP are associated with the development of heart failure in children with ACHD.

Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; blood ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Oxygen ; blood ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of tubularized incised plate (TIP) in urethroplasty for hypospadia accompanied with anatomic kak-factors.

METHODSWe retrospectively studied 191 cases of hypospadia treated by one-stage TIP urethroplasty. Taking the position of the urinary meatus, the development of the glans penis and urethral plate, and the degree of penile ventral curvature as anatomic kak-factors inducing postoperative complications and affecting the appearance, we conducted correlation analyses on the clinical effects of the procedure using SPSS 10.0 statistics.

RESULTSPostoperative complications were closely correlated with the position of the urinary meatus, the nearer its position to the coronary sulcus, the higher the incidence of complications (chi2 = 24.291, P < 0.01). And so were they with the development of the glans penis and urethral plate and the degree of penile ventral curvature. The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the hypospadia patients with small glans, maldeveloped urethral plate and severe penile ventral curvature than in those with straight penis and well-developed glans and urethral plate (chi2 = 25.419, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTubularized incised plate urethroplasty for hyper-spadias should be chosen according to the position of the meatus, the development of urethral mucous membrane, the degree of ventral curvature and surgery experience in order to achieve a high cure rate and good cosmetic effect.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Infant ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethra ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of apolipoprotein (apo) C1 (APOC1) gene rs4420638A/G and -317H1/H2 polymorphisms with the risk of pre-eclampsia (PE) and the influence of their genotypes on the clinical and metabolic indexes among Chinese women. METHODS: In total 289 PE patients and 824 women with uncomplicated pregnancies were included. The rs4420638A/G genotype was determined by a Taqman real-time PCR allelic discrimination assay. The -317H1/H2 genotype was measured through PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Serum lipid and apo levels were measured by an enzymatic kit and a PEG-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. RESULTS: Allelic and genotypic frequencies of the APOC1 gene rs4420638A/G and -317H1/H2 were not significantly different between the two groups (all P> 0.05). However, patients carrying the G allele of the rs4420638A/G locus had higher serum levels of triglyceride, non-HDL-C and apoB, and a higher apoB/apoA1 ratio compared with those with an AA genotype (all P< 0.05). Patients carrying the H2 allele of the -317H1/H2 polymorphism had smaller delivery gestational weeks compared with those with the H1H1 genotype (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of the APOC1 gene rs4420638 and -317H1/H2 sites may be associated with abnormal lipoprotein metabolism among Chinese patients with PE, though no association was found between variants of the APOC1 gene and the risk of PE among them.

Objective To investigate the patency rate and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG) stenosis in dialysis patients. Methods The patients who were successfully treated by PTA for the first time in the blood purification center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2017, including 71 cases of AVF in the forearm, 52 cases of AVF in the upper arm and 59 cases of AVG were recorded. The data of different stenosis parts were analyzed before and after treatment and followed up for 12 months. The initial patency rate and assisted-PTA patency rate were observed at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after ultrasound interventional therapy, and the initial patency time for patients who needed to reintervention among all types of pathways were recorded. Results The initial patency rates at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after ultrasound interventional therapy were 98.59％, 90.14％, 71.93％, 54.93％ respectively in forearm AVF, 90.38％, 65.38％, 42.31％, 32.69％ respectively in upper arm AVF, 91.53％, 32.20％, 6.78％, 1.69％ respectively in AVG, and the PTA-assisted patency rates were 98.59％, 97.18％, 95.77％, 94.37％ respectively in forearm AVF, 92.31％, 86.54％, 84.62％, 80.77％respectively in upper arm AVF, 100.00％, 98.31％, 96.61％, 93.22％ respectively in AVG, while the initial patency time was (8.99 ± 3.54) months in forearm AVF, (6.33 ± 3.01) months in upper arm AVF, (4.80 ± 1.40) months in AVG respectively. Conclusions Ultrasound can comprehensively evaluate the function of peripheral vascular access, guide PTA treatment, and evaluate treatment outcomes. Ultrasound intervention therapy has best initial patency rate for forearm AVF stenosis. The prognosis of upper arm AVF stenosis PTA is relatively poor due to the easy cephalic stenosis. Although AVG has a short interval of restenosis, it can achieve a better long-term patency rate through regular intervention with ultrasound intervention.

Objective To explore the etiology and clinical countermeasures for cerebral infarction following surgeries for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HCH). Methods The clinical data of 17 patients with cerebral infarction following surgeries for HCH treated in our department between January, 2000 and January, 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results All the patients received appropriate treatment and were subsequently rated for Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS), which was grade Ⅰ in 5 patients (capable of independent daily activities without assistance or instructions), grade Ⅱ in 6 patients (capable of activities with instructions), grade Ⅲ in 4 patients (activities requiring assistance and capable of assisted walking), grade Ⅳ in 1 patient (bed-redden but conscious), and gradeⅤ in 1 patient (vegetative state). Conclusion As one of the severe complications of surgeries for HCH, cerebral infarction involves complex etiologies, and early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial for decreasing the mortality and disability rates to improve the quality of life of the patients.

Objective To understand the distribution and changes in antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)in the member hospitals of Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion or automa-ted instrument was performed on clinical isolates.Testing results were determined according to the standards of 2022 edition from American Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).Statistical analysis was performed by WHONET 5.6 software.Data were analyzed by trend test(Cochran-armitage)and Chi-square test with SPSS.Results A total of 176 441 strains of P.aeruginosa were surveilled by Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.99.4％of the strains were isolated from hospitalized patients,and about 70％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens.8.4％of P.aeruginosa were from children(0-17 years old),91.6％were from adults.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results showed that P.aeruginosa was most sensitive to polymyxin B over 10 years,with a resis-tance rate of less than 6％.Resistance rates to piperacil-lin,piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,aztreonam,imipenem,amikacin,gentamicin,tobramycin,cip-rofloxacin,levofloxacin,and polymyxin B all showed downward trends.A total of 29 920 carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)strains were detected.The average isolation rate of CRPA in this province was 18.0％over 10 years.CRPA detection rate from adult was 18.5％,higher than that from children(12.3％),and both showing downward trends.Conclusion The resistance rate of clinically isolated P.aeruginosa in Hunan Province to most commonly used antimicrobial agents is decreasing.

Objective To understand the epidemiology of clinically isolated Acinetobacter baumannii(A.bauma-nnii)in Hunan Province.Methods Bacterial antimicrobial resistance surveillance was carried out according to the requirements of the technical program of National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System.Clinical data of Acinetobacter spp.reported to Hunan Provincial Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System by multiple centers in Hunan Province from 2012 to 2021 were summarized and analyzed with reference to the standards of the American Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results A total of 169 438 strains of Acinetobacter spp.were detected during the 10-year period,with the detection rate of A.baumannii being the highest(82.74％).70 923 strains(53.63％)of carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB)and 58 149 strains(43.97％)of carbapenem-sensitive A.baumannii(CSAB)were detected respectively.Both CRAB and CSAB were detected most frequently in the age group＞70 years,which were 34.44％and 32.02％,respectively.The percentage of CRAB and CSAB detected in the intensive care unit were 34.80％and 11.31％,respectively.CRAB and CSAB were mainly isolated from spu-tum/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,followed by pus/secretion,urine,and blood.The resistance rates of CRAB to commonly used antimicrobial agents didn't change much during the 10-year period.Resistance rates of CRAB to ceftazidime and cefepime were both＞84％,to ampicillin/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam were both＞82％,to aminoglycosides and quinolones were both＞59％,to minocycline and polymyxin B were 15.9％-25.0％and 1.3％-6.9％,respectively.CSAB were sensitive to commonly used antimicrobial agents.Conclusion The isolation rate of CRAB is high and there is no significant change in resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents.