Objective To investigate the pathological changes and its significance in resected specimens after three kinds of interventional therapeutic ways for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Methods Ten cases of HCCs were treated by conventional transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (C-THAE) in group A, 10 cases were treated by segmental transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (S-THAE) in group B, and 10 cases were treated by a combination therapy of C-THAE or S-THAE and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in group C. There were constant clinical materials among three groups. All patients underwent resection in 4-8 weeks after the final interventional treatment. The resected specimens were studied by pathologists. Results Group B and group C were superior to group A with extraordinary remarkable difference on the tumor necrosis, the necrosis of invaded capsule, and the necrosis of tumor thrombus in portal vein. There was no significant difference between group B and group C. But the complete necrosis rates of the above-mentioned three indexes were improved from 80%, 71%, and 75% in group B to 100%, 83%, and 86% in group C,respectively. Collateral circulations inside capsule connecting portal vein in noncancerous hepatic tissues were found in group A (8 cases) and group B (2 cases). In addition, necrosis of pseudolobuli and degeneration or necrosis of hepatic cells were found on all sections of noncancerous hepatic tissues around tumor in patients treated by C-THAE, but the similar changes could be seen only on the sections within 1 cm near tumor. Conclusion S-THAE has much stronger ability to kill the tumors and much less damage on noncancerous hepatic tissues compared with C-THAE. PEI plays an important role in killing the residual tumors and improving the necrosis rates of invaded tumors in capsule and tumor thrombus in portal vein. It has also been proved that portal vein takes part in the blood supply of residual tumors.

Purpose　To describe clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of 10 cases of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL). Methods　HE sections of 11 lymph node biopsies were re-examined. Immunophenotyping and detection of apoptotic DNA fragments were performed using S-P and TUNEL methods, respectively. Results　Five cases have been diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Histologically variable-sized discrete or confluent nodules were seen in the paracortex, especially in the interfollicular area, which were composed of proliferative pleomorphic histiocytes, transformed lymphocytes, and karyorrhectic debris. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD3+ and CD45RO+ for lymphocytes, Mac387+ and/or CD68+ for histiocytes, and no expression for CD15,CD30 and CD20 in the lesions. Conclusions　The presence of pleomorphic histiocytes, transformed T-cells, and karyorrhectic debris in the biopsy of lymph nodes, together with the absence of neutrophils support the diagnosis of HNL.

AIM: To investigate the effect of VEGF gene transfer on matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMPs) expression after vascular balloon injury. METHODS: 90 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly: group Ⅰ(balloon injury group), groupⅡ (pAdtrackCMV group) and group Ⅲ(pAdtrackCMV-VEGF165 group). Hypercholesterol diet was given for 7 days before experiment and continued to receive until the animals were killed. Each group were divided into five subgroups according to the sacrifice time. Blood samples and iliac arteries were harvested for further analysis. RESULTS: In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, MMP2 and TIMP1,2 expressions were detected during the whole process ,while in group III ,MMP1,2,9 and TIMP1,2 could be detected from 3 days after gene transfer and reached the highest level at 1 week and could not be detected at 8 week. CONCLUSIONS: Imbalance expression of MMPs and TIMPs occurred after vascular injury and this may be the reason of pathological remodeling. Local phAdtrackCMV-VEGF165 transfer could specifically change the expression of MMPs and facilitate the positive remodeling process after vascular injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of phVEGF165 transfer on vascular remodelling after balloon injury and its possible mechanisms.

METHODS90 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups: group I (balloon injury group), group II (pAdtrackCMV group) and group III (pAdtrackCMV-VEGF165 group). All animals were given hypercholesterol diet for 7 days before experiment and continued to receive hypercholesterol diet until being killed. Each group was further divided into five subgroups according to the sacrifice time (3 days, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transfection). Blood samples and arteries were harvested for further analysis.

RESULTSAt the end of 2 weeks, areas of neointima plus media of group III were smaller than those of group I and II (P < 0.05). The areas under external elastic membrane were larger in group III at 4 weeks and lumen stenosis rates were significantly lower than group I and II (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In group III, VEGF165, metalloproteinases (MMPs) -1, -2, -9 and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) 1, 2 could be detected from 3 days after gene transfer and reached the highest level at 2 weeks time and could not be detected by 8 weeks time. In groups I and II, MMP-2 and TIMP-1, -2 could be detected during the whole procedure and the value of TIMP1/MMP1 was significantly higher than in group III (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONRemodelling is the main reason for restenosis (RS) after vascular balloon injury. Local pAdtrackCMV-VEGF165 transfer can specifically change the expression of MMPs and facilitate the positive remodelling process, hence, inhibiting restenosis.

Angioplasty, Balloon ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Coronary Restenosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; genetics ; physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Lymphokines ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

OBJECTIVETo establish a reasonable protocol for interventional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe data of 1 000 HCC patients treated by different kinds of interventional treatment were reviewed with their results of biochemistry, imaging, pathology and survival rate evaluated. The value as well as the pros and cons of these various kinds of interventional treatment were compared in order to find an optimum protocol.

RESULTSSegmental-transcatheter oil chemoembolization (S-TOCE) was much effective eradicate the tumor yet inflicting less damage on the noncancerous hepatic tissue and giving much higher survival rate than the conventional transcatheter oil chemoembolization (C-TOCE). Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) played an important role in eradicating the residual tumor and improving the survival rate without damaging the noncancerous hepatic tissue. The survival quality or survival rate could be improved by choosing different ways of interventional treatments to cut down the complications.

CONCLUSIONThe selection of different interventional treatments should be done according to the size and type of HCC. Active management is indicated for different complications presenting along with HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; mortality ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate