Objective: To observe the clinical effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion on abdominal distension following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ＜br> Methods: A total of 240 cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group according to their admission sequence, 120 in each group. Cases in the observation group were treated with conventional care, glycerol enema and heat sensitive moxibustion, whereas cases in the control group were only treated with conventional care and glycerol enema. Then the passage of gas by anus within 24 h and improvement of abdominal distension were observed in both groups. ＜br> Results: There were statistical differences in the emergence time of bowel sounds and the initial passage of gas by anus between the two groups (bothP＜0.05). The therapeutic effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P＜0.05) . ＜br> Conclusion: Heat-sensitive moxibustion has reliable effect for abdominal distension following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of auricular plaster therapy for post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy nausea and vomiting. Methods Two hundred and forty laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 120 cases each. Both groups received routine nursing care. In addition, the treatment group received auricular plaster therapy. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was observed in the two groups.Results The incidence of nausea and vomiting was 46.7% in the treatment group and 60.8% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Auricular plaster therapy can relieve postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.

Objective To study the influence of probiotics on the gut microflora,digestive enzymes and small intestinal propulsive rate of rats with severe head injury. Methods The rat model of severe head injury was prepared, SD rats were randomly divided into group A (enteml nutrition) , group B (enteral nutrition plus probiotics) , and group C (normal diet) . The intestine mucesa and faeces were collected on the third day,7th day and 14th day after head injury in order to detect gut microflora,digestive enzymes and small intestinal propulsive rate. Results Compared with group C, the number of Lactobacillus and Bacillus bifidus group in group A and group B declined in two weeks after trauma, however, the number of Escherichia coli increased significantly. Bacillus bifidus amounts of group A were significantly lower than that of group B at every time point, the diversity of Escherichia coli was opposite. No difference was seen in content of Lactobacillus 7 days after trauma in group A and B. The level of disaecharidases, Na+- K+- ATPase and small intestinal propulsive rate declined significantly at every time point, compared with group C.Though the contents of digestive enzymes was higher in group B than that of group A, and small intestinal propulsive rate was higher in group A and B than that in group C, but the two groups showed no difference. Conclusions Probiotics can alleviate the in-testine microflora disorder,modulate the activities of digestive enzymes, therefore lessen malabsorption of rats with severe head injury.

Objective To study the effect of magnetic field on serum activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), content of malon-dialdehyde (MDA)and content of nitric oxide (NO)in patients undergoing operation for pituitary Tumor. Methods Sixteen ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ patients undergoing pituitary tumor surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each): magnetic field group (M) and control group (C). Patients in magnetic field group were exposed in 150 mT magnetic field during the operation period.Blood samples were taken from radial artery for determination of serum SOD,MAD and NO before induction of anesthesia(T_0, baseline),after induction(T_1),70 min after induction(exposed in magnetic field for 60 min) (T_2)and 130 min after induction (exposed in magnetic field for 120 min) (T_3). Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, sex (M/F ratio),body weight,body height,duration of operation and duration of anaesthesia.The serum activity of SOD and content of NO were significantly higher at T_3 in group M than that in group C,and the serum content of MDA was lower at T_3 in group M than that in group C. Conclusions The magnetic field not only increases serum SOD activity and the content of NO in patient undergoing operation for pituitary tumor,but also reduces the content of MDA in them.

Objective To probe into the effect of the enteral nutrition added with lactobacillus on gastric bacteria of rats with severe brain injury. Methods Severe brain injury was made in rats that were then fed with enteral nutrition (3-9 entire nutrients), lactobacillus (3-9 entire nutrients + lactobacillus) and synbiotics (3-9 entire nutrients + lactobacillus + fiber) respectively. Gastric body and gastric antrum mucosa were collected at day 1, 3 and 7 after injury to detect the change of the gastric bacteria. Results DCCE analysis showed less bacteria in sham operation group. On the first day after severe brain injury, the flora bands were increased remarkably but the number of bacteria was decreased in three groups. The similarity of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) map patterns was 65% , 64% and 53% respectively in the enteral nutrition group, lactobacillus group and synbiotics group, with no significant difference in regard of the diversity index. On the third day after severe brain injury, the flora bands showed a tendency of decrease, with the similarity of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) map patterns for 72% , 58% and 62% respectively. The richness and diversity of total bacteria in the lactobacillus group was remarkably lower than that in the enteral nutrition group and synbiotics group (P＜0.01). On the seventh day after SHI, the flora bands were decreased in three groups, with the minimum number of the bacteria. The similarity of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) map patterns was 61% , 51% and 58% respectively, with higher richness and diversity of total bacteria in the synbiotics group compared with the other groups. Conclusion Lactobacillus can help improve gastric bacteria disturbance of rats with severe brain injury. In the meantime, addition of the lactobacillus is better than addition of the synbiotics.

Objective To expand the NKT cells in vitro and to determine the cytokine releasing of NKT cells during proliferation.Methods Several kind of methods were established to expand TCRV ?24 +/TCRV ?11 + NKT cells from PBMC or purified T lymphocyte.The levels of IL 4,IFN ?and TNF ? of NKT cells were determined by flow cytometry.Results After 19 days' expansion,the largest number of NKT cells increased (23.0?16.7)?10 3 times and the largest ratio of NKT cells to total T lymphocyte was (25.5?7.2)%.The ratio of TCRV ?11 + NKT cells that secreted IL 4,IFN ?and TNF ? was higher than the TCRV?11 T lymphocytes.Conclusion TCRV ?24 +/TCRV ?11 + NKT cells can be expanded in vitro with ? Galcer presented by CD 1d molecule.The NKT cells can also be expanded from PBMC because the monocyte lineage cells within PBMC can express CD 1d molecule and present specific glycolipids like ? Galcer to them.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO),metabolites of the intestinal microflora,is a newly discovered risk factor for cardiovascular disease.The intestinal flora converted choline and L-carnitine into trimethylamine in the food.Trimethylamine is oxidized to TMAO in liver enzymes.Lowering TMA can stimulate macrophages to reverse cholesterol transport and inhibit atherogenesis.TMAO poietin-monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is a tool for cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transpor,lowering FMO3 can slow the gallbladder's secretion of bile,delay intestinal absorption of cholesterol,and limit the synthesis of oxidized cholesterol and cholesterol esters.TMAO in the blood can up regulate scavenger receptors in macrophages,and promote accumulation of cholesterol and formation of foam cells in macrophages,thereby promoting vascular plaque formation and promote the inflammatory response by MAPK and nuclear factor kappa B pathway.TMAO concentrates on affecting cholesterol metabolism,increasing insulin resistance,promoting platelet aggregation,increasing thrombosis,promoting vascular inflammatory response and directly leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.Lowering TMAO levels can potentially prevent or treat atherosclerotic related diseases and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The intestinal flora of the TMA/FMO3/TMAO pathway is the major pathway regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation.

Objective To investigate the changes of buffy coat components after 25Gy 137Cs-irradiation.Methods Lymphocyte proliferation was detected by MTT,the fluorescent intensity of neutrophils was measured as phagocytotic rate by flow cytometry,O2-release was determined by cytochrome C reduction,and cytokine production pre-and post-irradiation was detected by ELISA.Results 25Gy is adequate to inactivate T cells.The percentages of phagocytosis of E.coli before and after irradiation were of no significant difference.The release of O2-increased significantly and monocytes maintained the ability to produce cytokines after irradiation.Conclusion Radiation does affect the components of buffy coat,and neutrophils isolated should be transfused as early as possible.

Objective To study the feasibility and reliability of median nerve somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in neurosurgery around the brain stem. Methods in selected 43 patients SEP N20, waveforms were recorded after stimulation of left and right median nerves respectively. Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous anesthetics throughout the operation. As soon as N20 waveform changed significantly, the surgeon was informed and the operative procedure was modified whenever possible. Results SEP waveforms were almost stable during maintaining with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Within 43 cases, SEP waveform of & patients significantly changed. In these cases, SEP of 5 patients returned to normal gradually and no further neurologic dysfunction happened postoperatively. The other 3 cases did not recover, and postoperative neurologic complications happened. There was no false-negative or false-positive result. The correlation between intraoperative SEP changes and postoperative neurologic alterations was significant statistically. Conclusions SEP recording is a reliable technique for intraoperative monitoring during neurosurgery around the brain stem. TIVA is helpful for SEP monitoring.

Exosomes are membrane vesicles released into the extracellular environment upon exocytic fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell surface. As a result of initial studies showing that exosomes display signal and immune factors,a particular interest has emerged in their use as a cellular vehicles for stimulation of immune responses in vivo.In recent years,on the base of the knowledge of the biological properties and functions, exosomes have been rebuilt and bound to different kinds of immunological stimulators as a result to enhanced antitumor funotions.In this paper,the related methods,immunological stimulators and the properties of man-made exosomes are mainly reviewed.