Achalasia of cardia caused by neuromuscular dysfunction at esophagus-stomach junction is a functional disease of esophageal dynamic dysfunction. It is characterized by absence of peristalsis of esophageal body and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax. The methods of therapy include botulinum toxin injection, stent placement, laparoscopic Heller myotomy and balloon dilatation. However,these methods have some shortages,such as easy to recur, causing larger trauma,etc. . With the development of technology of endoscopy,a new method peroral endoscopic myotomy ( POEM)is widely used in clinical practice,and it can used in some special patients such asⅢ type achalasia,pediatric and elderly patients,as well as sigmoid-type achalasia. This article reviewed the current status and progress of POEM in treatment of achalasia of cardia.

Objective To optimize the extraction technique for Modified Danggui Buxue Concentrated Pills.Methods The extraction technique was studied by orthogonal design with the yield of astragaloside Ⅳ and total polysaccharides as the investigative indexes.Results The optimal extraction technique is as follows: adding 8-fold water,decocting 3 times and lasting 70 minutes for each time.Conclusion The optimized extraction technique is simple,reasonable and stable,which supplies experimental evidence for the further development of Modified Danggui Buxue Concentrated Pills.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize extraction technology of Shenqi fukang granules. METHODS:Single factor method was used to investigate water multiple at first time using water absorption as index,soaking time using yield of dry extract as index. Based on single factor test,by weighted comprehensive scoring method,using the yield of dry extract and the content of 75％ ethanol extraction as indexes,extraction time,water multiple and extraction times as factors,L9(34) orthogonal test was used to optimize water extraction technology of Shenqi fukang granules. Validation test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimal water extraction technology included 8-fold water (L/kg), extracting for 3 times, 1 h each time. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized extraction technology is stable and controllable in quality,and can provide reference for industrial production of Shenqi fukang granules.

Effects of light quality and germplasm on the growth and effective ingredients of Dendrobium officinale germchit were studied. Under 8 light qualities (red, blue, yellow, green and three different red blue mix light), test-tube plantlets of different families (9 x 66, 17 x 30, 78 x 68) were used in the experiment to measure economical character and determine the content of chlorophyll, polysaccharides and total alkaloids. The results showed that light quality, germplasm and their interaction had a significant effect on the growth of D. officinale germchit. The maximal root length and height of seedling were obtained under red light, under blue light, the stem diameter was thickest and the content of total alkaloids were highest, the content of chlorophyll and polysaccharides of test-tube plantlets under red blue mix light were higher than that of other treatments. This work has laid a foundation for the high quality, low carbon and efficient production of D. officinale, and gives useful tips on production of high quality ingredients.
Alkaloids ; metabolism ; Breeding ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Dendrobium ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Light ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Plant Stems ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; genetics ; growth & development ; radiation effects

Objective The SEER database was utilized to analyze the prognosis and related factors for patients with locally resectable esophageal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy.A nomogram for predicting survival was established to provide reference for screening patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy.Methods Patients diagnosed with stage T1b-4aN0-3M0(7th version AJCC in 2010) resectable esophageal cancer receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy between 2010 and 2015 were selected from the SEER database.The survival rate was determined by Kaplan-Meier method.The univariate analysis was performed by log-rank test.The multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox test.The nomogram for survival prediction was established by using R software.The predicting accuracy of the nomogram was evaluated by C-index and calibration curve.Results A total of 1 697 eligible patients were included.Univariate analysis showed that sex,T stage,N stage and tumor differentiation were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival rate (CSS)(all P＜0.001),and age (P=0.027) was significantly correlated with OS.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age,sex,tumor differentiation and N stage were significantly associated with OS.Sex,tumor differentiation,T stage and N stage were significantly correlated with CSS (all P＜0.05).After the prognostic factors were included into the nomogram,the C-index for 5-year OS and CSS was 0.60 and 0.61.The model for predicting survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer was established by using the same method.The C-index for the OS and CSS was 0.62 and 0.64.Conclusions Sex,clinical stage and tumor differentiation are prognostic factors of CSS in patients with locally resectable esophageal cancer undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.The nomogram established according to the data above can provide certain reference for the selection of preoperative chemoradiotherapy combined with surgery.