Pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP) is a disease affecting immunocompromised patients.PCP among these patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.In this paper, the prevention crowd of prevention, the effective of prevention and means of prevention are reviewed.

Objective To study the clinical effects and mechanism of Xuebijing injection combined with antibiotics in the treatment of severe lung infection in ICU.Methods 110 cases of ICU severe lung infection were randomly divided into control group(55 cases) and observation group(55 cases).The control group was administered with cefotaxime sodium and sodium benzene azole penicillin,while the observation group was co-administered with Xuebijing injection and cefotaxime sodium,sodium benzene azole penicillin.All treatment lasted for 7 days.Meanwhile,the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),TNF-α,IL-6,COX-2 and SOD were measured before and after the therapy.Results After treatment,the levels of CRP and TNF-α,IL-6 were significantly reduced in the two groups[after treatment CRP,TNF-α,IL-6 levels of the control group:(46.50 ± 17.74) ng/L,(339.50 ± 112.61) ng/L,(141.20 ± 42.66) ng/L;and those in the observation group:(35.60 ± 16.89) ng/L,(268.20 ± 98.47) ng/L,(118.70 ± 39.81) ng/L;the control group:t =7.329,9.682,6.038;the observation group:t =11.012,14.335,14.335,all P ＜ 0.01],and the reduced amplitude of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t =3.300,P ＜ 0.01).The serum levels of COX-2 and SOD were significantly reduced [after treatment COX-2 and SOD levels of the control group:(189.50 ± 34.52) ng/L,(203.60 ± 67.26) U/mL;those of the observation group:(118.20 ± 25.36) ng/L,(162.30 ± 59.78) U/mL;COX-2:the control group:t =15.021,P ＜ 0.01;the observation group:t =32.931,P ＜ 0.01;SOD:the control group,t =4.183,P ＜ 0.01;the observation group,t =7.682,P ＜0.01],and the reduced amplitude of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(t =3.404,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Xuebijing injection combined with antibiotics in the treatment of severe lung infection in ICU has good effects,which is due to the inhibition of COX-2 and SOD to improve inflammation and oxidative stress damage in cells.

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(anti-CCP)and rheumatoid factor(RF)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Anti-CCP antibody was measured in sera from 75 human,including 27 RA patients,40 other rheumatic diseases and 8 healths.Anti-CCP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The sensitivity of anti-CCP antibody was 70.4%,with a high specificity(93.8%)in RA.The positive rates of anti-CCP antibody have no difference in the patients within 2 years and exceed 2 years from onset.Anti-CCP antibody wasn't correlated with RF,ESR and CRP.Conclusion Anti-CCP antibody has better sensitivity and specificity for rheumatoid arthritis,combining anti-CCP antibody and RF can increase diagnosis sensitivity and specificity of RA,indicating it is a useful laboratory marker for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM: Antisense oligonucleotides against livin were designed with computer software. METHODS: Antisense oligonucleotides were designed according to the secondary structure of livin mRNA which was simulated with RNAdraw and Sfold. And then these oligonucleotides were transfected into Hela cells for inducing apoptosis. RESULTS: Five antisense oligonucleotides were designed using RNAdraw and Sfold, and effectively induced Hela cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The approach is effective and feasible to design antisense oligonucleotides by means of calculation with two kinds of software.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the ethical behaviour in pharmaceutical enterprises from the strategic point of view.METHODS:A game model was set up as an example to illustrate the ethical baffle.The game model was strategically rethought.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The countermeasure of ethical strategy is given.

Protein arginine methyltransferases ( PRMTs) play crucial roles in the methylation of a series pro-tein substrates.PRMT5 is a type Ⅱ methyltransferase that symmetrically methylates arginine residues of histone and non-histone substrates, thereby regulating a variety of cellular processes through epigenetic control of target gene expression or post-translational modification of signaling molecules.Recently, accumulated evidence has suggested that PRMT5 may function as an oncogene.This review is aimed to summarize the oncogenic role of PRMT5 and its regulatory mechanisms in tumors.

Livin is a novel member of IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis protein) family, which is expressed highly in a variety of tumors but not in majority of normal tissues. This protein contains a BIR domain and a RING finger domain just like other members of IAPs. It will be of great sigificance to investigate the relationship between Livin and tumors, and it might be a potential target for anti-cancer drugs.

BACKGROUND: There are different methods to isolate and culture human nucleus pulposus cells, and the differences in digestive enzymes components and digestion time quite are significant. So how to rapidly and efficiently harvest human nucleus pulposus cells has become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the digestive enzymes components and digestion methods for the preparation of human nucleus pulposus cells. METHODS: Nucleus pulposus tissue specimens were selected from three adult discs in the Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University. The acute traumatic disc tissues that outstanding to the spinal canal were taken under aseptic conditions, and then the peripheral white annulus and jel y-like nucleus pulposus in the center could be seen. According to different mixed enzyme concentration ratio, the samples were divided into two groups. The enzyme Ⅰ group was treated with 0.2% Ⅱ col agenase; and the mixed enzymeⅡ group was digested with 0.25% trypsin for 30 minutes, and then treated with 0.2% Ⅱ col agenase. According to digestion time, each group was divided into three subgroups: 2 hours group, 4 hours group, and overnight group. Final y, suspended cel volume was decided as 2 mL to count cells. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing fetal bovine serum was used for cel culture in vitro. Trypan blue staining was performed to count total cel number and ratio of living cells. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect the growth curve of nucleus pulposus cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the two digestion enzyme concentration, the number of digested cells in the enzyme Ⅰ group was larger than that in the enzyme Ⅱ group after digested for 2 and 4 hours, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Overnight, cellsurvival rate was decreased in the enzyme Ⅰ group after digested for 2 and 4 hours when compared with the enzyme Ⅱ group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). After digested for 4 hours, tissue blocks disappeared, and the number of cells reached maximum. The results indicate that enzyme Ⅰgroup composite with Ⅱ col agenase is benefit for the separation of nucleus pulposus cells, and the digestion time is appropriate to 4 hours. This condition has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency and low cost, and it considered that digestion of nucleus pulposus tissues with 0.2% Ⅱ col agenase for 4 hours is the best condition to obtain nucleus pulposus cells.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA in invasive ductal carcinoma and their clinical significance. Methods The expression of Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA were detected on mammary gland hyperplasia (30cases), intraductal breast carcinoma(30cases) and invasive ductal carcinoma (70cases)by in situ hybridization. Results The positive expression rate of Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA in mammary gland hyperplasia, intraductal breast carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma were 23. 3% ,46. 7% ,81.4% and 96. 7% ,66. 7% ,35.7% ,respectively. There was significant difference among them(P ＜ 0. 01). There was difference between Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA in the same group(P ＜0. 05). Snail mRNA was not related to age, tumor size or histopathological grade (P ＞0. 05) ,but it was related to lymphatic metastasis (P ＜0. 01). E-cad mRNA was not related to age, tumor size(P ＞0. 05),but it was related to lymphatic metastasis and histopathological grade(P ＜0. 01). There were positive relationship between Snail mRNA and E-cad mRNA(r = -0. 56, P =0. 00). Conclusions The overexpression of Snail mRNA and low expression of E-cad mRNA were involved in the infiltration and metastasis of breast carcinoma, and they were related to lymphatic metastasis. Therefore, the test of the expression of them were valuable in predicting the prognostic and metastasis of breast carcinoma.

Objective To detect the expression of TNF α and ICAM 1 in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. To explore their probable modulation mechanism.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of TNF α and ICAM 1.The MPO activity was determined by spectrophotometry.Result The expression of TNF α and ICAM 1 were obviously rised after cerebral ischemia reperfusion (P< 0.05).Conclusion The up regulation of TNF α and ICAM 1 after cerebral ischemia reperfusion induced the accumulation of leukocytes, which involved in ischemia reperfusion injury mechanism. TNF α play an important role in expression of ICAM 1.