Geriatric ability to live independently will be severely impaired when mild cognitive impairments(MCI)eventually develop into dementia.Patients with dementia usually suffer from micronutrients deficiencies(MNDs). In turn, MNDs may accelerate cognitive decline based on disruption of one carbon metabolism, DNA damage repair, mitochondrial function and glucose, lipid and phospholipids metabolism which lead to the damage of neurotransmitter synthesis, myelination and synaptogenesis.Clinical evidences show that the oral supplementation of B-group vitamins(vitamin B₆ 10-25 mg/d, vitamin B₁₂0.025-0.500 mg/d and folate 0.4-2.0 mg/d)and specific micronutrients compounds for at least 3 months may improve overall cognitive function and short-term memory ability of the elderly.More double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized human intervention studies are still needed to evaluate effects of micronutrients supplementation on geriatric cognitive function and to determine the requirements, dosage and time of intervention.

Objective To investigate the fear and attitude of the common people to some threatening diseases .Methods Accord-ing to the age and sex structure of the whole nation ,500 common people were randomly enrolled in the public places of Chongqing main urban area .Firstly ,the respondents were asked to name three diseases they feared most .Then their fear degrees to eight im-portant diseases were performed the questionnaire survey .Results The top ten diseases that common people fear most by their own words were cancer ,AIDS ,heart disease ,hypertension ,stroke ,leukemia ,chronic liver diseases ,diabetes mellitus ,dementia and de-pression successively .Meanwhile ,their fear to the eight important diseases ,which was determined by the ratio of people who did fear to all ,were cancer(94 .2% ) ,traffic accidents(89 .2% ) ,heart disease(85 .0% ) ,AIDS(79 .4% ) ,tuberculosis(76 .8% ) ,hepatitis B(76 .6% ) ,Alzheimer′s disease(73 .4% ) and depression(69 .0% ) .Further analysis showed that such fear was significantly influ-enced by age ,sex and education level .Conclusion The knowledge and perception of common people about certain diseases is one-si-ded ,and their health awareness should be improved .

Aim To investigate the effects of anti-in-flammation and antioxidation of an amphiphilic curcu-min derivative (Curc-OEG)on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,model group,curcumin and Curc-OEG treatment group.All rats except those in control group were given subcuta-neous injection of CCl4 and olive oil mixture,twice a week for 8 weeks.After 4 weeks,rats of control and model group were trea-ted with normal saline intravenously,curcumin group were ad-ministered with curcumin 400 mg.kg -1 .d -1 by gavage and Curc-OEG group were treated with Curc-OEG 1 00 mg.kg -1 .d -1 intra-venously respectively.After 4 weeks treatment,the serum levels of ALT and AST were tested.HE and Sirus staining were used to evaluate the extent of liver inflammation and fibrosis.The mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines of NF-kB,IL-1 β, IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2 were observed with Real Time PCR.The level of MOD,SOD and GSH in liver of rats were quantified. Results The levels of ALT in control,model,curcumin and Curc-OEG group was (31 .7 ±8.7)U·L -1 ,(383.0 ±75.6) U·L -1 ,(406.3 ±204.7)U·L -1 ,(1 07.0 ±73.7)U·L -1 respectively;that of AST was (1 37.7 ±32.7)U·L -1 ,(585.3 ±36.7)U·L -1 ,(485.0 ±246.5)U·L -1 ,(202.7 ±56.0) U·L -1 respectively,Curc-OEG possessed more hepatoprotective effects than that of curcumin.Liver pathology showed Curc-OEG treatment could significantly alleviate steatosis,reduce inflamma-tion and apparently suppress hepatic fibrogenesis by reducing the thickness of bridging fibrotic septa.Compared with curcumin, Curc-OEG down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-kB,IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2 (P <0.05 ).Moreo-ver,Curc-OEG reduced the level of MOD and increased the lev-els of SOD and GSH.Conclusion Curc-OEG could more sig-nificantly protect the rat liver from CCl4-caused fibrogenesis by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect than curcumin.

OBJECTIVETo establish the quantitative diagnostic criteria for cranio-orbito-zygomatic deformity (COZD).

METHODSComputer-assisted three-dimensional (3-D) CT measurement was performed in 30 cases with unilateral COZD. The differences of the measurement data between the affected and unaffected sides were analyzed. Then the patients were diagnosed and classified according to the affected bone, soft tissue and conjunctival sac. Based on the quantitative diagnosis, 8 patients underwent surgery to test the clinical practicability of the diagnostic criteria.

RESULTSThe quantitative diagnostic criteria for COZD could reflect the affected area and the corresponding severity of deformity. It helped to preoperative design and to predict movement of osteotomy segment and. the soft tissue volume needed for augmentation. Good postoperative results were achieved.

CONCLUSIONSThe quantitative diagnostic criteria for COZD can describe the affect area and severity of deformity in detail. It is very practical in the guidance of clinical treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Diseases, Developmental ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; standards ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Orbit ; abnormalities ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult ; Zygoma ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo summarize the methods and experiences in surgical treatment of hemifacial microsomia.

METHODSFifty-eight cases of hemifacial microsomia that have been treated by plastic and reconstructive surgery and followed-up in our department during last 20 years have been reviewed. Every patient's characteristic was assessed by physical examination, photography, craniofacial cephalometry before planned the method of surgery. Different surgical treatments were chosen according to the side and the structures involved in the abnormalities and the severity of hemifacial microsomia, and the cases were followed up since 3 months after the treatments. The follow-up lean of midline of the lower 1/3 face with that before treatment is compared. The degrees of patients' and surgeons' satisfactions with the treatments were evaluated respectively.

RESULTSThe average angle of lean of midline of skeletal and soft tissue of the lower 1/3 face decreased 4.2 degrees and 2.9 degrees respectively after treatment. Fifty (82.6%) cases satisfied with the outcome of the surgical treatment and surgeons satisfied with 84.5% of the outcome of all the cases.

CONCLUSIONSIndividual surgical treatment based on the side and the structures involved in the abnormalities can effectively correct facial asymmetry of hemifacial microsomia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Facial Asymmetry ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To observe the features of posture control in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Methods:From May, 2017 to May, 2018, patients with iNPH in our hospital (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 15) were measured with sensory organization test on Balance Manager. The balance scores and strategy scores under six conditions were recorded and the comprehensive balance scores were calculated. Results:The balance scores decreased in the patients in the conditions of eyes-open/stable-support, eyes-close/stable-support, eyes-close/unstable-support and eyes-disturb/unstable-support compared with those of the controls (|Z| > 2.042, P < 0.05), as well as the comprehensive balance scores (Z = -3.617, P < 0.001); while the strategy scores increased in the conditions of eyes-close/stable-support, eyes-open/unstable-support, eyes-close/unstable-support and eyes-disturb/unstable-support (|Z| > 2.333, P < 0.05). Conclusion:There are balance disorders in the patients with iNPH, mainly associating with the disorders of proprioceptive and vestibular senses, and application of hip strategy.

Peer education is widely used in the management of chronic diseases and it plays an im portant role in the education and management of diabetes.Peer education models include group education,individual preaching,volunteer support,telephone follow-up,Intemet Education and WeChat group education.Peer education is applicable to the health management of diabetic patients,and is conducive to the prevention,control,treatment and delay of complications of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To observe the effect of diabetes base education combined with peer education on blood glucose control,metabolic index and self management level in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods 150 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 3 groups.Group A received diabetes base education,Group B received peer education group,and group C received peer education joint base education group.Before treatment and 6 months after treatment,fasting blood glucose (FPG),postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c),triglyceride (TG),cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein (HDL-C),systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure change,body mass index (BMI) were observed,so as to evalute the diabetes self-management behavior at the same time before and after treatment.Results After 6 months of intervention,FPG,2 h PG,HbAlc,TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,blood pressure,body weight and other metabolic indicators in the three groups were significantly improved (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the group A and group B on the improvement of blood glucose control and metabolic indexes (P ＞ 0.05).In group C,the blood glucose control index (FPG,2 h PG,HbAlc) and the improvement of blood lipid were obviously superior to those in the group A and B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The combination of base education and peer education can improve blood glucose control and blood lipid level in patients with type 2 diabetes,and can also promote self-management behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVETo explore the CT features of ground-glass nodules (GGN) including preinvasive lesions [atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)], minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC).

METHODSNinety-seven GGN lesions confirmed by operation pathology were included in this study. The lesions were divided into three groups: preinvasive lesion group (24 cases), MIA group (39 cases), IAC group (34 cases). The lesion size, 3-dimensional ratio, 2-dimensional ratio in axial images, lesion density, shape, speculation, lobulation, air-containing space and pleural indentation on the preoperative CT images in the three groups were analyzed and compared with pathological results. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0.

RESULTSAll preinvasive lesions presented as pure GGN on CT image, most showed round-like shape, clear and smooth border. MIA presented as pure GGN or mixed GGN on CT image, most showed round-like shape, with a clear and smooth border. IAC most presented as mixed GGN on CT image, often showed irregular shape. Speculation, lobulation, air-containing space and pleural indentation displayed gradually increasing from preinvasive lesions to MIA and IAC. There were statistically significant differences in lesion size, CT density, shape, air-containing space, speculation, pleural indentation and long diameter of solid component between the MIA and IAC groups (P < 0.05 for all). There were statistically significant differences in CT density values and long diameters of solid component of the lesions between the preinvasive lesion group and MIA group (P < 0.05). The AUC of solid component of the preinvasive lesion group and MIA group was 0.705, and that of the MIA and IAC groups was 0.814.

CONCLUSIONComprehensive analysis of the CT image features of GGNs, especially the solid component in the lesions, may help to the preoperative and differential diagnosis of preinvasive lesions, MIA and IAC.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To investigate the effects of micronutrient supplementation for the elderly on plasma homocysteine level and cognitive function in institutional older adults. Methods: A total of 98 older adults with the score≤11 by mini nutritional assessment short-form aged 65-100 years were enrolled and assigned to either intervention group or control group (n=49 each), with either a package of micronutrient pack or placebo daily, for three months. Fasting blood samples were collected both at baseline and the end of study to detect serum vitamin B₁₂, folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations. Global cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). The paired t test was used to compare the continuous variables between the two groups after intervention. The relationship between changes in MMSE score and changes in plasma Hcy concentrations was examined by least-squares linear regression. Results: Eighty-two patients completed the study, and 17 patients withdrew from the study due to diarrhea and hospital discharge with the drop rate of 17.3%. Compared to the control group, concentrations of serum vitamin B₁₂ (128.8±34.8 vs 13.3±16.0 pmol/L, P=0.003) and folate (21.1±1.6 vs 0.6±0.5 nmol/L, P<0.01) significantly increased in the intervention group over 3-month supplementation, while plasma Hcy levels were remarkably reduced (-5.3±0.7 vs 1.7±0.3 μmol/L, P<0.01). The incidences of deficiency of folate, deficiency of serum vitamin B₁₂and high Hcy all decreased in intervention group. Although individual item scores in MMSE were not changed markedly, change of total MMSE score in intervention group were higher than that in the control group (1.2±3.0 vs -0.2±2.5, P<0.05). Conclusions The supplementation of the micronutrient pack in long-term care facilities can reduce the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia, and improve the total MMSE score.