Objectiye To observe the prevalence of prolonged seizures and the changes of biochemical markers of myocardial injury in patients with prolonged seizures after modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT).Methods Patients treated with MECT or simulated ECT were divided into three groups.Group Ⅰ , 26 patients,experienced at least one prolonged seizure after MECT;group Ⅱ,41 selected patients, had not prolonged seizures at all during a course of MECT treatments and group Ⅲ, 31 patients, received simulated ECT.Biochemical markers of myocardial injury, including phosphocreatine kinase (CK), MR isoenzyme of phosphocreatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase ( α-HBDH ) and cardiac troponin (cTnT) ,were measured immediately, 3 hours later and on the following day after the first prolonged seizure for group Ⅰ ,the same time points as group Ⅰ after the first treatment of MECT for group Ⅱ , immediately after simulated ECT for group Ⅲ.These indexes were compared between the patients of three groups.Results The positive rate ofcTnT was 30.8%(8/26) and 17.1% (7/41)in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ respectively, but no difference was found(P＞0.05 ).CK measured immediately after MECT in patients of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ(P ＜ 0.05 ).CK-MB (immediately), LDH ( immediately and 3 hours later) and α-HBDH ( immediately, 3 hours later and on the following day) in patients of group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ measured after MECT or simulated ECT(P＜0.05 ).Conclusion More attention should be paid that absolute or relative hypoxemia may lead to minor myocardial injury.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine