Background Studies showed that traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) can activate and induce immuno-inflammatory response,while T helper cell 17 (Th17), a CD4+ T lymphocyte, is associated with immunoinflammatory response.However,the effects of Th17 on the development of TON are unclear.Objective This study was to observe the changes of Th17 lymphocytes in spleen and the expression of interleukin-17 (IL-7) in retina in TON rats.Methods Seventy male 4-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group and TON 1-, 3-,7-, 14-and 28-day group according to random number table.The optical nerves of the right eyes were exposed and impacted at a 25° angle by using fluid percussion injury (FPI) device with the average force (699.1±60.8) kPa to create the TON models in the TON groups,and only optical nerves were exposed in the sham operation group.Flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP) was recorded and the amplitude and latency were measured to evaluate the function of optical nerves of the rats.The rat splenocyte suspension in various groups was prepared for the detection of Th17 cells by flow cytometry, and the expression of IL-17 protein was detected by immunochemistry.Results No significant differences were found in the amplitudes and latencies of P2 wave, proportion of Th17 cells and the IL-17 positive cell numbers in retina between the normal control group and sham operation group (P =0.829,0.830,0.856,0.496).The amplitudes of P2 wave were significantly lower, and the latencies of P2 wave were significantly longer in the TON groups than those in the sham operation group (all at P＜ 0.05).The proportions of Th17 positive CD4+ T lymphocytes were (0.94±0.13)％,(1.80±0.18)％,(1.98± 0.20)％ ,(2.34±0.20)％ ,(2.11±0.13)％ ,(1.92±0.18)％ in the sham operation group,TON 1-day group,TON 3-day group,TON 7-day group,TON 14-day group and TON 28-day group, respectively, showing significant differences between the sham operation group and various TON groups (all at P＜0.05).In addition, the IL-17 positive cell numbers in retina were 796.326 ± 100.028, 1 673.416 ± 188.021,1 892.431 ± 151.026,2 420.454 ± 256.024,1 996.429±177.022 and 1 629.410±127.023 in the sham operation group,TON 1-day group,TON 3-day group,TON 7-day group,TON 14-day group and TON 28-day group, respectively, showing significant differences between the sham operation group and various TON groups (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions In rats of TON, the proportion of Th17 cell in splenocytes and the expressions of IL-17 in retina are increased,suggesting that Th17 and IL-17 participate in the progression of TON.

BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered spinal cord has brought new treatment ideas for spinal cord repair.OBJECTIVE: To construct the tissue-engineered spinal cord by chitosan alginate scaffold and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), and to investigate its repairing effects on acute spinal cord injury in rats.METHODS: The spinal cord hemisection model was established in 48 Sprague-Dawley rats and then, rat models were randomly divided into four groups: model group, scaffold group, ADMSCs group and tissue-engineered spinal cord group,followed by direct suturing of the dura mater, implantation of chitosan alginate scaffold, implantation of ADMSCs, and implantation of tissue-engineered spinal cord, respectively. The limb motor function of rats was evaluated based on the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score at 1, 3, 7 weeks after transplantation. Immunofluorescence staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the spinal cord specimens were performed at 7 weeks after transplantation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Motor function of the hind limb: At 3 and 7 weeks after transplantation, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score was highest in the tissue-engineered spinal cord followed, followed by the ADMSCs and scaffold groups, and lowest in the model group (P < 0.05). (2) Immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin staining: in the model group, the spinal cord injury area was infiltrated with a large number of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. In the scaffold group, there was no scar formation; neuron-specific enolase-positive cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells and a few neurofilament protein 200-positive cells were found in the junctional area. In the ADMSCs group, the spinal cord injury area was filled with scar tissue, and a large number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells were found. In the tissue-engineered spinal cord group, there was no scar tissue, and there were a large number of neuron-specific enolase-positive cells, a small amount of CM-Dil-labeled ADMSCs and more glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells. Neurofilament protein 200 positive cells were connected to each other at the junction. These findings indicate that the tissue-engineered spinal cord constructed by chitosan alginate scaffold and ADMSCs can promote spinal cord repair after acute spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the prevention and mechanism of Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESW) induced renal Injury by pre-treating kidneys with low-energy shock waves(LESW).Methods Forty healthy female domestic rabbits were surgically managed to the mono-nephron models and random divided into 4 groups consisting of ten each: Control,LESW,ESW and ESWL plus LESW pretreated groups.LESW group received 100 LESW,ESW group received 1500 standard ESW,and same dose on ESW group except 100 LESW pretreatment in ESW plus LESW pretreated group.The rabbit kidney tissues were obtained 24 hours after ESW.Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in the renal tissue,and the level of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) in urinary were measured.Renal cell apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling(TUNEL).Results The MDA,the urinary level of NAG and rate of apoptosis in the LESW groups were reduced(P<0.01),and the activity of SOD increased significantly(P<0.05) as compared with ESW group,and these changes in LESW group had no statistics difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).Conclusions LESW pretreatment protocol substantially limits the renal injury that often caused by ESW.LESW may suppress oxidative stress and antagonize the process of renal cellular apoptosis.

Primary hypertension is one of the common chronic diseases, as well as the key disease for prevention and treatment by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The authors searched and analyzed RCTs studies on primary hyper-tension treatment with acupuncture in the PubMed. It showed that primary hypertension treatment with acupuncture abroad had high quality methodologies. However, the deficiencies of TCM theories in the treatment plan in these studies were the same as RCTs of acupuncture treatment design of other diseases. It may due to the insufficiency of TCM knowledge and culture differences of researchers aboard. Besides, the small sample amount, various interven-tions, no blank control, and the using of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure most of the time, may difficult to objec-tively evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture. Therefore, our research team will carry out high quality RCT stud-ies under the guidance of TCM theories of meridians and syndrome differentiation to further discuss the specificity of acupoints.

Objective To investigate the distribution of the prevalence of albuminuria in elderly population of a community in Tianjin and analyze the situation of their early renal injury and its clinical and environmental risk factors.Methods The morning spot urine sample and the clinical data from 2 050 old population (aged ≥ 60 years)who took part in healthy examination were collected.The concentration of urine albumin and creatinine were tested,and the albumin/creatinine ratio(ACR)was calculated.We analyzed the prevalence of albuminuria,and used logistic regression to analyze the odd ratio(OR) of risk factors.Results In the 2 050 participants,the prevalence was 1162 cases (56.69％) for hypertension,264 cases (12.86％) for diabetes and 568 cases (27.71％) for albuminuria.The prevalence of ACR ＞ 30 mg/g was lower in men than in women (21.61％ vs.32.55％,P＜0.001).The OR for increased ACR was 1.45 in 70-79y subjects as compared with 60-69y subjects,and the OR was 1.89 in ＞80y old people.The OR of increased ACR was 2.03 in ＞80y old people after adjusting gender.Body mass index and waist circumference were not the risk factors of increased ACR after adjusting confounding factors.There was an association between the prevalence of albuminuria and triglycerides(OR=1.19),hypertension(OR=1.68),diabetes(OR=1.95).ACR value was increased along with increased number of cigarettes,however,there was also no association between smoking and albuminuria(P＞ 0.05).Physical activity could reduce the risk of albuminuria,the OR of ACR＞30 mg/g in those undertaking a activity once daily was 0.52 (P =0.027) Conclusions There is a high prevalence of albuminuria in elderly population(higher in female than in male) in a community of Tianjin.Hypertension and diabetes have the greatest influence on ACR.Additionally,the physical activity once daily can reduce the risk of albuminuria.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro were implanted within three-dimensional (3D) and self-assembly hydrogel from IKVAV-containing peptide. The cytocompatibility of hydrogel with NSCs was explored. Neural cells harvested from the cerebral cortex of neonatal mice were dissociated mechanically and cultivated in serum-free media, and were immunohistochemically examined for Nestin, NSE (neuron specific enolase) and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein); the self-assembly hydrogel from 1 wt% amphiphilic peptide was formed with the addition of DMEM/F12 and observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM); 1 x 10(5) /ml NSCs implanted within hydrogel (3D culture system) and seeded onto the surface of coverslips covered with polylysine (two-dimensional culture system, 2D culture system) respectively were incubated without serum at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 and 95% air. Then the cells in 3D culture system and 2D one were double-labeled with DAPI/Brdu and observed under fluorescence microscope. The Nestin-positive cells were found, and they were able to differentiate into NSE-positive neuron- like cells and GFAP-positive glial-like cells, TEM showed that the hydrogel derived from 1 wt% peptide solution was composed of nanofiber network with the fiber diameters ranging from 3 to 6 nm and the fiber length warying from 100 nm to 1.5 microm, NSCs labeled with Brdu in 2D system were thinly scattered, and those in 3D system formed many neurospheres; the positive rate in 3D was much higher than that in 2D system (P < 0.001). The self-assembly hydrogel from the amphiphilic peptide containing IKVAV sequence had good cyto-compatibility and promoted the proliferation of NSCs.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Hydrogels ; pharmacology ; Materials Testing ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Peptides ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry

China ; Humans ; Otolaryngology

In this experimental study, the RGD-containing peptide was used to modify the surface of biomimetic PLGA-(ASP-PEG) matrix, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were seeded onto these modified surfaces for three weeks. The effects of modified surfaces of matrix on the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs were explored. BMSCs were harvested from whole bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in vitro, then were seeded onto peptide surface-modified matrix (Experiment group, EG) and matrices without modification (Control group, CG) respectively for three weeks. The number of adhesive cells was counted by using precipitation method after 4 h and 12 h incubation; the cells cytoskeletons were stained with FITC-conjugated phalloidin after 24h incubation; the cell density was investigated after 1 d, 2 d and 3 d of incubation; ALP activity of BMSCs was measured after 7 d, 14 d and 21 d of incubation with osteogenic medium. The cells from bone marrow were BMSCs and their purity was beyond 90% using flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Sulphur binding energy in EG was shown by XPS to be 164 eV. BMSCs adhered on peptide surface-modified matrix were observed with SEM. Cell adhesion efficiency and quality in EG was better than that in CG, and cell cytoskeleton was more robust in EG. ALP activity was higher in EG than in CG. Peptide surface-modified PLGA-(ASP-PEG) was noted to have good compatibility with BMSCs and to promote cell adhesion and differentiation.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Oligopeptides ; chemistry ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Peptides ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the adaptive cardio sequence prospective ECG-gated dual-source CT coronary angiography (CTCA).Methods Thirty one patients underwent prospective ECG-gated dual-source CTCA. The patients were divided into two groups: group A, heart rate ≤ 75 times / minutes, 70% of R-R interval was chose; group B, heart rate> 75 times / minutes, 40% of R-R interval was chose. Two experienced radiologists assessed the image quality of 15 segments of coronary arteries in a double blinded fashion in a four score scale. Student t test was used to compare the image quality between two groups. CT dose index(CTDIvol) and effective dose(ED) were also calculated for both groups. Results 437 segments of coronary arteries in 31 patients were included this analysis, 408 segments (93.4%) had assessable image quality, while 29 segments (6.6%) had non assessable image quality. Of 226 segments in group A, 12 segments (5.3%) had non assessable image quality; however, 17 segments (8.1%) of 211 segments in group B had non assessable image quality. The average score of image quality was 3.57±0.64 in 31 patients. There was no statistical difference for mean image quality of group A (3.65±0.39) and group B (3.41±0.43)( t=1.62,P=0.12 ) . There was a statistical difference for mean image quality for segment 10 on a per segment basis ( t = 3.8 ,P＜0.05). CTDIvol and ED were (18.88±5.04) mGy and (4.31±1.05) mSv, respectively.Conclusion Adaptive cardio sequence prospective ECG-gated dual source CT can acquire assessable image quality of coronary artery with lower radiation dose to the patients, which has the potential to be a routine CTCA technique.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of different dosing regimens of conbercept in the treatment of pathological myopic choroidal neovascularization(CNV).METHODS: Prospective clinical study. Totally 42 patients(42 eyes)who were diagnosed with pathological myopic CNV in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected in the study. According to two different initial dosing regimens, the patients were divided into 1+pro re nata(PRN)group, with 20 patients(20 eyes), and 3+PRN group with 22 patients(22 eyes). The patients in the 1+PRN group were given one intravitreal injection and then given PRN, the patients in the 3+PRN group were given intravitreal injection once a month for 3 mo and then given PRN. Followed-up for 12 mo after initial treatment, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), CNV area and injection times were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The BCVA was improved, CMT was decreased, and CNV area was reduced at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after the initial treatment(P<0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA, CMT and CNV area between two groups(P>0.05). The average injection in the 1+PRN group was significantly less than that of the 3+PRN group [2(1, 3)times vs 3(3, 4)times, P<0.05], but the average reinjection in the 1+PRN group was more than that of the 3+PRN group [1(0, 2)times vs 0(0, 1)times, P<0.05].CONCLUSION: Two regimens were both safe and effective in the treatment of pathological myopic CNV by Conbercept, which can improve BCVA, decrease CMT, and reduce CNV area, with less total times of injection in the 1+PRN regimen, and less times of reinjection in the 3+PRN regimen.