P2X receptors are ligand gated ion channels, extracellular ATP is their natural extracellular ligand. When any of the subtypes of P2X receptors and extracellular ATP are combined, P2X channel opens, allowing cations (calcium, sodium, potassium, etc. ) pass through. Enteric nervous system is composed of the gut myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus, in both of which P2X receptors exist, mediating different effects under physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, the enteric nervous system,P2X receptor distribution and related functions are reviewed in order to further explore the P2X receptor in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases.

Laboratory study is an important part of medical research.In the past few years,many significant biosafety incidents occurred in the medical field in and out of China.We here try to analyse the problem of biosafety management of laboratories,stating the importance of biosafety management in laboratory,and put forward countermeasures.

Objective To detect genetic causes of seizures and developmental retardation in 60 patients with abnormal head magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) ,and to analyze the clinical manifestations and head MRI manifestations in carriers of arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene mutation.Methods The blood samples of children and genomic DNA were collected.Sixty cases of children with suspected metachromatic leukodystrophy were tested (MLD) by using the second generation sequencing technology.The genotype and phenotype and head MRI findings were analyzed.Results Of the 60 cases of children, 15 cases with gene mutations.There were 7 kinds of ARSA gene mutations, and 3 of them, c.1178C ＞ G, c.1055A ＞ G and c.883 G ＞ A were pathogenic.The others were single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP), which had no relationship with this disease.One of the patients carried only SNP, and 14 of them were carrying pathogenic mutation, c.1055A ＞ G (53.33％) ,c.1178C ＞ G (40.00％) were more common,and c.1055A ＞ G mutation was in 8 cases, of which 5 cases were late-onset type.One case of the 3 patients who were late infantile type was carrying c.1178C ＞ G mutation at the same time.All the eight cases had retardation.One case had hydrocephalus, and 5 cases had epilepsy.All of the 6 patients with c.1178C ＞ G were late-infantile type, and had retardation, including 4 cases of epilepsy, c.883G ＞ A mutation in 1 case,was late-infantile type,and the first symptom was binaural deafness and mental retardation.Three different types of mutations showed no significant difference in brain MRI.Conclusions There are 14 patients who were diagnosed as MLD.c.1178C ＞ G and c.883G ＞ A were late infantile type,and c.1055A ＞G was mostly late-onset type.The changes in head MRI caused by different types of ARSA gene mutations were of no significant differences in performance.

Objective To develop a PCR-SSP method for detection of HLA-DRB1 alleles in the patients who were hypersensitive to Platanus Acerifolia pollen allergen,and to probe into the association between the atopic subjects to Platanus Acerifolia pollen allergen and HLA-DRB1 alleles.Methods DNA in whole blood was extracted by phenol-chloroform method.Eight pairs of specific primers for alleles were synthesized,and HLA-DRB1*0401,*0402,*0403,*0404,*0405,*0406,*0407,*0408 alleles in 20 atopic patients and 36 healthy individuals of Jiangsu Province with Han nationality were detected by PCR-SSP(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer).Results By optimizing the experimental conditions PCR-SSP methods for detection of the 8 alleles were established and the distributing data of above-mentioned HLA DRB1 were obtained.The frequency of HLA DRB1*0405 and *0406 in the patients group was higher than that of in healthy controls group,while the frequency of HLA DRB1*0402 in the patients group was lower than that in controls.No significant deference for the other 5 alleles was found between the 2 groups.Conclusion HLA-DRB1*0406和*0405 seems to be the likely suspected candidate alleles responsible for susceptibility to Platanus Acerifolia pollen allergen in the atopic patients,while DRB1*0402 might be contribute to the related resistance to the allergen.

Abdominal Cavity ; blood supply ; Adolescent ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Takayasu Arteritis ; therapy

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; complications ; Nasal Septal Perforation ; complications ; microbiology ; Sinusitis ; complications ; microbiology

Objective To explore the extent of axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes.Methods In this series,95 patients underwent complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) following positive sentinel lymph nodes identified and 97 patients underwent partial axillary lymph node dissection (PALND) at the absence of positive sentinel lymph nodes.The influence of different extent of axillary lymph node dissection was evaluated.Results The positive rate of level(Ⅰ + Ⅱ) non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) and level Ⅲ lymph nodes was 68.4％ and 29.5％,respectively,in CALND group.In PALND situation,57.9％ CALND cases would have changed pathologic stage from pN1 to pN2 or pN3.But with level Ⅲ lymph node dissection followed PALND,only 2.1％ cases had changed pathologic stage from pN2 to pN3.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the number of positive SLNs (OR =2.157) and positive rate of SLNs (OR =10.374) were risk factors for having positive level Ⅲ lymph nodes.CALND needed longer operation time and larger postoperative drainage volume.Conclusions In cases of breast cancer with ≥ 3 positive sentinel lymph nodes,complete axillary lymph node dissection should be considered.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of injected hemocoagulase Agkistrodon for intraoperative bleeding.Methods We electronically searched several Chinese database till May 2014 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about injected hemocoagulase Agkistrodon for operative hemorrhage.The methodological quality of included RCTs was assessed,and the data were extracted by two reviewers independently according to the Cochrane Handbook.The homogeneous RCTs were pooled using RevMan software (Version 5.1.0).Results 2 358 articles were searched initially,and 12 RCTs involving 1 031 patients met the inclusion criteria.The results of Meta-analyses showed that:in the study groups,the average haemostatic time of the wound is shorter [OR =-40.29,95％ CI(-71.13,-9.44),P =0.01],the hemorrhagic volume of the wound [OR =-1.38,95％ CI(-1.90,-0.87),P ＜ 0.000 01],hemorrhagic volume per unit area of the wound [OR =-0.05,95％ CI(-0.06,-0.03),P ＜ 0.00001],introperative hemorrhagic volume and drainage volume on POD1 [OR =-18.52,95％ CI (-25.50,-11.53),P ＜ 0.000 01] are lower than the placebo groups.In all studies,no difference was found in the variation of hemostatic function,liver and renal function and drug-induced adverse events.Conclusions The injection of hemocoagulase Agkistrodon can significantly reduce the average haemostatic time of the wound,the hemorrhagic volume of the wound,overall introperative hemorrhagic volume and drainage volume on POD1,and does not affect the hemostatic function,liver and renal function and not increase the incidence of adverse effects or postoperative complications.

Objective:To study the sTRAIL levels in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients upon nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods:Serial sera of 60 CHB patients before and after nucleoside analogues therapy were collected,among which there were 20 complete responding cases,20 partial responding cases,20 non-responding cases,and 10 healthy people.The level of sTRAIL,IFN-γ and ALT were detected.Results:The level of sTRAIL,IFN-γ and ALT of CHB patients were higher than that of normal group.The sTRAIL level of complete responding group at 4 weeks and partial responding group at 12 weeks were lower than those before therapy,while serum TRAIL of complete responding group were lower than those of partial responding group at 4 weeks.The IFN-γ level of complete responding group at 4 weeks and partial responding group at 12 weeks were higher than those before therapy.ALT levels of all groups in the course of therapy declined gradually and significant difference was observed at different time point.Conclusion:Serum TRAIL level can be used as an early marker for efficacy of nucleoside analogues therapy efficacy in CHB patients.sTRAIL may play a role in restoring immune injury of early anti-viral response in patients with hepatitis B.

ObjectiveTo study the expression and clinical significance of osteopontin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues.MethodsOsteopontin expression was determined in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues in 44 cases and normal mucosa tissues in 25 cases by immunohistochemical staining.The relationship between osteopontin expression and pathological features of nasopharyngeal car(e)inoma was analyzed.ResultsThe positive expression rate of osteopontin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues and the positive staining area was larger [77.27％(34/44) vs.8.00％(2/25),(60.24 ± 17.51 )％ vs.(1.32 ± 0.48)％ ](P＜0.05).The positive expression of osteopontin was correlated with clinical staging and lymph node metastasis(P ＜ 0.05),while had no relationship with pathological staging(P＞ 0.05).ConclusionsThere is a close correlation between expression of osteopontin and tumor cell invasion and metastasis.Over-expression of osteopontin may be one of the important factors contributing to the invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.