Soft-tissue deformation is one of the important research directions in virtual surgery. Mass-spring model and finite-element model are the two most important modeling technology of the soft tissue modeling. It is very important for the current soft-tissue deformation modelling to analysize, to summarize the main idea, the influence factors and the modeling route of the two kinds of modeling methods and then to give comprehensive review.
Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; User-Computer Interface

Evidence has indicated that low doses of anti-tumor regimens can induce cell apoptosis in vitro, although different regimens induce apoptosis by different mechanism and pathway. In recent years, new tumor treatment strategy has been mainly focused on inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The present review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The benefit of inducing apoptosis is not to cause inflammatory reaction, but as its disadvantage, it inhibits immune responses, and the phagocytosis of apopotic bodies may result in horizontal transfer of genes (including oncogenes and other oncogenic materials), which can be one of the causes of tumor relapse. This paper proposes that the tumor treatment strategy should be turn into promoting tumor cell necrosis and inducing anti-tumor immune responses.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Necrosis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology

Objective To research the effect and safety of Reteplase for Injection combined with reduced glutathione in the treatment of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.Methods Patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (90 cases) in Jianli People's Hospital from February 2015 to February 2016 were selected and divided equally into A,B and C groups according to different treatment methods.Totally 30 patients in group A were given conventional therapy,30 patients in group B were given reduced glutathione for treatment on the basis of conventional treatment,and the other 30 in group C were given combined therapy of reteplase and reduced glutathione on the basis of conventional treatment.The vascular recanalization rate,improvement of effective indicators including creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB),troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ),left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),oxidative stress kinase including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),and incidence of adverse events of patients were compared among the three groups.Results After thrombolysis,the vascular recanalization rate of group C at different time points (2 h,6 h and 12 h) showed significant difference compared with those of groups A and B (P ＜ 0.05).After the treatment,the effective indicators of the three groups were both significantly improved (P ＜ 0.05),and group C improved more significantly than groups A and B (P ＜ 0.05).After the treatment,the SOD and GSH-Px of groups B and C both significantly improved than group A (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between groups B and C.After treatment,the incidence of adverse events of group C was significantly lower than those of groups A and B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Reteplase for Injection combined with reduced glutathione has significant curative effect in the treatment of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,which can effectively improve the cardiac function and inhibition of oxidative stress.It is of higher security but with lower incidence of adverse events.

In this paper, miRNAs features were briefly introduced and agreeable points were discussed from 4 aspects: organs relationship, syndrome research, Chinese medical pathogeneses, and actions of Chinese herbs. miRNAs, as information media for organs interrelation, was believed to explain Chinese medical pathogeneses and reveal partial molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine. miRNAs in the body fluid could be taken as one of biological bases of syndromes.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; MicroRNAs ; Syndrome

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health. Recently, the elucidation of the roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication and transportation suggested a novel way for cellular communication and transport of oncogenic materials. The role and significance of in vivo cell fusion have been studied in more detail. On the other hand, donor cell leukemia was reported. All of these approaches provide novel insights for studying the mechanism of leukemia relapse. Based on previous work, the authors suggest the hypothesis: there are two possible mechanisms for the relapse of leukemias: the minimal residual disease (MRD) and intercellular transportation of oncogenic materials.
Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual ; pathology ; Recurrence

Animals ; Hydroxy Acids ; toxicity ; Lacquer ; toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

As pioneer of tumor stem cell research, leukemia stem cell research has not only important theoretical significance, but also clinical application potential. The survival and development of stem cells are directly impacted by their microenvironment. The research on leukemia stem cells and their microenvironment are now becoming a hot topic. The author presumes that stem cells are a population with heterogenecity and hierarchy; any single cell from the population is difficult to form a clone; the interaction between the leukemia stem cell and its microenvironment can be described by the concept of leukemia stem cell niche. In this article, the leukemia cell population with heterogenecity and hierarchy as well as leukemia stem cell niche were summarized and discussed.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stem Cell Niche ; cytology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; immunology

Up to date, eight types of human herpes viruses have been identified, all of which are ubiquitous, and usually establish latent infection in the host after primary infection. Since most of the herpes viruses are maintained in an asymptomatic form, they are often neglected. However, under some circumstances, these herpes viruses can cause fatal or severe diseases. Furthermore, the association of herpes viruses with hematopoietic malignancies is attracting researchers' attention. With the extensive development of hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation, reports regarding transplantation failure and complication caused by infection of human herpes virus has been increasing. Cytokine storm was firstly suggested as the mechanism of graft-versus-host diseases. In recent years, which has also been applied in the pathogenesis research of inflammation, and is supposed to play an important role in severe virus infection. In this paper, through discussing the possible role of latent infection of human herpes virus in the failure or complication of bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in refractory leukemia, the function and significance of latent infection of human herpes virus and the cytokine storm it caused were investigated.
Cytokines ; immunology ; Hematopoietic System ; immunology ; virology ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Humans ; Virus Latency

Objective To observe the protection of human lens epithelial cells(HLEC) by different polar alkaloids extracted from Herba Dendrobii(HD).Methods We extacted the Herba Dendrobii powder with ethanol,and then treated the extract with falling-film concentration,acidification,salting out,chloroform extraction,and washing with water.Different polar alkaloids were extracted from HD after the above treatment.The protective effect of HD alkaloids was observed on HLEC,which were cultured with DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum.Ten groups were set up for the experiment: normal control group,model group,high-and low-dose water-soluble alkaloids groups,high-and low-dose fat-soluble alkaloids groups,high-and low-dose low-polar alkaloids group,and high-and low-dose weak-polar alkaloids groups.The high-dose dosage of the alkaloids was 25.0 ?g/L and low-dose dosage was 12.5 ?g/L.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of HLEC under the different conditions of interventions.Results The single-factor experiments showed that the highest extracting rate of HD alkaloids was obtained under the conditions of extracting the powder with 80% ethanol for 3 times and for 3 hours.The results of protective experiment showed that the proliferation of HLEC in the model group was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),and the inhibitive rate was lower in low-dose fat-soluble alkaloids group than that in the model group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rh-EPO) on the nerve regeneration of adult rats sciatic nerves. Methods Tirty-six healthy male Wistar rats were involved and left sciatic nerve repaired model was used.The experimental rats were divided randomly into two groups:the EPO group and the control group,18 rats in each group.rh-EPO 3 000 U/kg was injected daily into the abdominal in EPO group,and normal saline was injected into the abdominal every day after operation in control group.On 4 and 8 weeks after operation,these items were determined,the sciatic function index (SFI),biomechanics examination,histological observation,electrophysiological examination,myelinated fibers density and sectional area measurement.Results On weeks 4 after operation,the SFI of EPO group and control group were-65.26 ± 3.42 and-70.83 ± 4.12,respectively,the maximum tensile resistance were (3.86 ± 0.29)N/mm2 and (3.38 ± 0.21 )N/mm2,the delayed ratio of latency of motor nerve were 2.34 ± 0.23 and 2.78 ± 0.29,and the recovery ratio of wave amplitude were 0.23 ± 0.05 and 0.14 ± 0.03 respectively.On eight weeks after operation,the SFI of EPO group and control group were-51.34 ± 2.98 and-57.23 ± 4.86,respcetively,the maximum tensile resistance were (4.67 ± 0.36) N/mm2 and (4.13 ± 0.32) N/mm2,the delayed ratio of latency of motor nerve were 1.32 ± 0.15 and 1.62 ± 0.21,the recovery ratio of wave amplitude were 0.41 ± 0.09 and 0.26 ± 0.07,the nerve fibers cross ratio were 0.57 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.03,and the recovery ratio of sectional area of myelinated fibers were 0.81 ± 0.06 and 0.58 ± 0.03,respectively.Those items in EPO group were significantly superior to those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ＝.Conclusion rh-EPO can promote the injured nerve regeneration and improve the recovery of their function.