Objective:To study the dynamic frictional resistance in the buccal segment between preadjusted brackets coupled with different archwires,at different times under artificial saliva condition.Methods: The dynamic friction of different combinations of 4 kinds of preadjusted brackets and 4 archwires were tested simulating archwires sliding in the buccal segments at 4 different times(0,15,30,45 d)under artificial saliva condition by using Instron universal testing machine.Results: The dynamic frictional resistance of combinations of 3M MBT bracket and all archwires were the smallest.The combinations of 0.46 mm inch stainless steel round wire and all brackets produced significantly lower dynamic frictional resistance than that of other archwires.The 0.48 mm?0.64 mm inch stainless steel rectangular wire produced the highest dynamic frictional resistance combined with all preadjusted brackets.The dynamic frictional resistance of combinations of archwires and brackets were highest at the 15th day and smallest at the 30th day under artificial saliva condition.Conclusion: 0.46 mm stainless steel round wire produces the smallest dynamic frictional resistance combined with all preadjusted brackets.3M MBT brackets are more favorable to sliding mechanics compared with other brackets.As for time,the lowest dynamic frictional resistance exhibits at the 30th day under artificial saliva condition.

Objective To describe the clinical features of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and heighten the ratio of diagnosis.Methods With a case report and review of the related literature,the etiology,clinical manifestations,pathology diagnosis,differential diagnosis,management and prognosis of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma were described.Results The etiology of this rare disease remained unknown.Symptoms were scanty and usually mild.Chest radiograph or computed tomography usually revealed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules.Primitive lumen formed by a single cell was the pathologic feature.Immunohistochemical stains showed that the malignant cells are of the endothelial type.There was no effective treatment for this disease and its prognosis was unpredictable.Conclusion Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is rare and often misdiagnosed as other pulmonary diseases.

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for refractory glaucoma after sequential failed trabeculectomy.
METHODS: Thirty - six patients (36 eyes) with prior failed sequential trabeculectomy who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation were included. The intraocular pressure ( IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and complications were ovserved and all the patients were followed up at least for 12mo.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 35. 20±7. 28mmHg and reduced to 10. 15±3. 34, 11. 23±3. 56, 15. 63±5. 72, 17. 17±5. 47, 17. 73±6. 23,19. 76±5. 43mmHg at 1, 2wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after surgery, which was significant different from the preoperative level (t = 12. 643, 11. 837, 10. 324, 8. 839, 8. 462, 8. 046, all P < 0. 05 ). Visual acuity was not significantly different between pre - operation and 12mo post- operation ( Z = - 0. 420, P > 0. 05). At 12mo after operation, the complete success rate reached 78% and the conditional success rate reached 92%. There were 5 eyes complicated with shallow anterior chamber, 3 eye complicated with anterior chamber hemorrhage, which all recovered after additional treatments. Late complications included valve exposure and encapsulated cystic blebs around the plate. Severe corneal endothelium loss occurred in 1 patient.
CONCLUSION: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is effective in reducing IOP at 1-year follow-up in refractory glaucoma patients with prior sequential failed trabeculectomy, but we should fully understand and attach great importance to all kinds of complications that may occur.

Objective To compare and evaluate the effect of PBL in clinical teaching of Pediatrics.Methods Among students of Grade 2002 in our university,two types of PBL,pre-learning and case-discussion,were used in their clinical learning of Pediatrics. And then,their effects were evaluated and compared with those of traditional learning method.Results More than 60% of the students agreed with PBL methods,and they considered PBL favorable to practice scientific logical thinking of clinical affairs,to increase their capabilities of learning,oral expression,communication and cooperation.The teachers agreed with PBL methods too for the better learning effect resulting from PBL.Conclusion PBL fits the needs of medical learning reformation.To train new type of doctors in century 21st,it is necessary to use kinds of new learning methods,including PBL methods and standardized patient (SP)in clinical teaching.

Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Failure

Objective To explore the feasibility of using irreversible electroporation (IRE)mediating HPV16 E6 shRNA into cervical cancer cell line SiHa,and to clarify the influence of their co-effect on the proliferation of SiHa cells and its mechanism.Methods A HPV16 E6 gene specific interference sequence was inserted in pGenesil-1 to build a interference vector.10 pulses of IRE with 800 V,100 μs,and 1 Hz were applied to the suspension of SiHa cells and vectors.According to the treatment factors,control group,IRE group,pGenesil-N group,pGenesil-N+IRE group,pGenesil-E6 group and pGenesil-E6 + IRE group were set up.The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)and transfection efficiency were confirmed by inverted fluorescence microscope 24 h after the vector was transfected by IRE,and the expression efficancy of GFP was calculated.The expression levels of E6 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method which was also applied to detect the expressions of P53 and PCNA.The proliferative activity of SiHa cells was determined by CCK-8 assay.Results Enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing verified that the vectors were correctly constructed.GFP was seen under inverted fluorescence microscope 24 h after IRE transfection.Compared with IRE group,the expression levels of E6 mRNA and protein were decreased detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method after the vectors were treated with IRE,the P53 protein expression level was increased (P < 0.05),and the PCNA expression level was decreased (P <0.05).The CCK-8 assay results showed the proliferative activity of SiHa cells in pGenesil-E6+IRE group was decreased more obviously than that in pGenesil E6 group (P <0.05).Conclusion IRE can play the role of gene transfection of mediating HPV16 E6 shRNA into SiHa cells, and their co-effect can significantly inhibit the proliferation of SiHa cells.

Objective To explore the initial clinical and imaging characteristics of basal ganglia germinoma in children.Methods Four patients with basal ganglia germinoma were reported.Their clinical features,laboratory findings,radiological manifestations,treatment and outcome were analyzed.They recieved radiation therapy and chemotherapy after diagnosis.All patients were clinically diagnosed,according to the results of low-dose cranial irradiation.The outcomes were followed up for 2 years.Results All patients were male and school-aged(9-13 years) children.The course of the disease ranged from 5 to 13 months.All patients were presented with slowly progressive hemiparesis,and 2 cases of them were presented with cognitive decline and psychosis.Seizure occurred in 2 patients.The serum ?-human chorionic gonadotropin(?-hcG) level was significantly increased in 2 patients(30.16 IU/L and 77.85 IU/L,respectively),and mildly elevated in 1 patient(4.29 IU/L),while serum ?-hcG level in another case was within normal control range.MRI demonstrated mildly high intensity in the left or right basal ganglia on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images without remarkable occupying lesion.Ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the hemisphere and midbrain was also noted.Inhomogeneous Gd-DTPA enhancement was observed.All patients had been treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.During 2 years follow up,significant improvement was observed in all patients after therapy,imaging lesions disappeared and the elevated ?-hcG level of those elevated before therapy returned to normal.Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment for basal ganglia germinoma are critically important to improve the prognosis.In young male patients with progressive hamiparesis,basal ganglia germinoma should be considered for differentiation,if abnormal high intensity signals in basal ganglia on T1-weighted and T2-weighted image with ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the hemisphere are demonstrated on MRI,even without occupying effect.

A(p.G888S)were detected in POLG1 gene.Sequence analysis of parental blood DNA revealed that her father carried L83P and her mother carried G888S.Conclusions The characteristics of clinical manifestation,electrophysiology,pathology and POLG1 gene mutation of the patient were highly consistent with Alpers syndrome.The prominent white matter change and increased immunological factors in CSF were first reported in Alpers syndrome.Alpers syndrome should be considered for those patients whose liver function were severely impaired after exposure to valproic acid.

OBJECTIVETo investigate diagnosis and therapeutic effects of knee joint synovial chondromatosis with arthroscopic.

METHODSFrom March 1995 to July 2011, 28 patients with knee joint synovial chondromatosis were treated. Among them, 18 males and 10 females ranging age from 25 to 81 (mean 55.2) years,the course of disease ranged from 0.5 to 15 (mean 5.6) years. Clinical manifestation mainly included pain, swell and functional limitation of knee joint. Knee open surgery (17 cases) and laparoscopic surgery (10 cases) were respectively used. Clinical symptom,image data,pathological manifestation and effects under arthroscopy were observed, Lysholm scoring was used to evaluate effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up except one lost, the duration ranging from 6 to 24 months. Lysholm score in knee open surgery was increased from (41.89 +/- 6.81) preoperatively to (67.73 +/- 7.62) postoperatively;while in laparoscopic surgery it was increased from (40.78 +/- 7.54) preoperatively to (77.46 +/- 8.43) postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic surgery, which has no risk of rupture of incision, nonunion, earlier to exercise, is a good method to diagnosis and treat knee joint synovial chondromatosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome