Objective: To investigate the factors associated with the patient's adherence to screening in the five years before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ), so as to provide reference for improving the screening rate. Methods: From June 2016 to April 2018, the patients with newly diagnosed HCC and a history of CHB for more than five years in Southwest Hospital in Chongqing were interviewed. The information about socio-demographic characteristics, health status, medical care and HCC screening in the past five years were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with adherence to screening. Results: Among 420 participants, 140 ( 33.33% ) adhered to HCC screening, 124 ( 29.53% ) had irregular/incomplete screening, while 156 ( 37.14% ) never had screening. The proportion of early-stage HCC at diagnosis was significantly higher in patients who adhered to screening ( 77.14% ) than that in patients who had irregular/incomplete screening (35.48%) or no screening ( 12.82% ) and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 ). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that five factors were significantly associated with patient's adherence to screening, including education level of high school and above ( OR=2.346, 95%CI: 1.370-4.017), family history of HCC ( OR=2.795, 95%CI: 1.457-5.362 ), history of chronic diseases ( OR=3.860, 95%CI: 2.052-7.262), acceptance of antiviral therapy ( OR=17.816, 95%CI: 9.702-32.716 ) and specialized clinic visits ( OR=8.332, 95%CI: 1.588-43.710 ). Conclusions Adherence to screening is conducive to the early detection of HCC, but the screening rate is low in the patients with CHB. Education level, history of HCC, health status and medical status are significantly related to screening adherence.

Aspergillus oryzae is an important microorganism,which was widely used in the fields of food,brewing,pharmacy and fermentation industry etc and was termed as a generally regarded as safe(GRAS) organism by the United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA).The strategies for promoting the expression of homologous and heterologous proteins in Aspergillus oryzae were reviewed.Which included the usage of strong promoters,multicopies of coding genes,optimization of culture medium and overexpression of the hemoglobin domains(HBD) etc.Heterologous proteins were usually exhibited low expression in Aspergillus oryzae due to the degradation by the proteinases from host.Therefore,development of proteinase auxotrophic stains of Aspergillus oryzae as host is neccessary.In addition,fusion of the heterologous protein with a highly secreted protein of Aspergillus oryzae was an alternative way to prompt the expression of heterologous protein in Aspergillus oryzae.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in the assessment of dysphagia.

METHODSFifty-two patients with neurogenic dysphagia underwent FEES and videofluoroscopy (VF) within a 2-day period. The results obtained were compared.

RESULTSFEES with all consistencies revealed premature leakage in 48.1%, pooling in 75.0%, penetration in 69.2%, and aspiration in 55.8%, silent aspiration in 28.8% of patients. VF revealed above items in 44.2%, 63.5%, 57.7%, 46.2%, 21.2%, respectively. The FEES was then measured against the VF for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. FEES showed higher sensibility and negative coincidence rate of penetration (90.0%, 81.3%), aspiration (87.5%, 87.0%) and silent aspiration (90.9%, 97.3%). According to the severity, the dysphagia in patients was classified into no penetration, penetration, aspiration and silent aspiration. A weighted Kappa value of 0.713 signified "substantial" agreement between the two tests.

CONCLUSIONSFEES is an effective and valuable tool for evaluating oropharyngeal dysphagia, and is helpful in guiding the patients for diet and rehabilitation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the three-dimensional reconstruction methods of the portal vein using 64-slice spiral CT data and the anatomical variation of the portal vein.

METHODSThree-dimensional reconstruction of the portal vein was performed using Mimics software based on the 64-slice spiral CT data of 64 cases. Each model of the portal vein and its branches was evaluated according to the presentation rate, depiction quality and anatomic variation.

RESULTSThe reconstructed model showed a depiction rates of 100% for the 4-grade branches of the portal vein. The stem of the portal vein and the left and right branches of the level III or above were all displayed, but in 2 cases the superior mesenteric vein and in 1 case the spleen vein was displayed only to the level IV. Of the 64 cases, 50 (78.1%) had normal portal vein and 14 (21.9%) showed anatomical variations.

CONCLUSIONThe 3D model vividly mimics the anatomic variations of the portal vein to provide valuable information for surgical plans.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of four kinds of traditional Chinese herbal compound, Sini powder, Banxiahoupu soup, Ganmaidazao soup and Guizhigancaolonggumuli soup, on the experimental acute stress behaviors and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis.

METHODRats were divide into 7 groups: normal group, model 1 and 2 groups, Sini powder group, Banxiahoupu soup group, Ganmaidazao soup group, and Guizhigancaolonggumuli soup group. The behaviors of the rats and their CRH of the hypothalamus, ACTH of plasma and CORT of serum (by the means of radio-immunity) were detected.

RESULTSini powder could reduce the crossing times of open-field test( P < 0.01) and the contents of CRH and CORT (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); Banxiahoupu soup could extent the still time of tail-hanging test ( P < 0.05) and the content of CRH (P < 0.05); Ganmaidazao soup could prolong the still time (P < 0.05) and reduce the struggle times (P < 0.01) of tail-hanging test and reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); Guizhigancaolonggumuli soup could reduce the crossing times of open-field test (P < 0.01) , extent the still time (P < 0.05) and reduce the struggle times ( P < 0.01) of tail-hanging test of tail-hanging test, also reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe four kinds of traditional Chinese herbal compound can increase the ability of anti stress by affect the different taches of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axle and change the stress behaviors, which are based on their respective functions of regulating Qi, dispersing phlegm, tonifying Qi and warming Yang.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; drug effects ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Ostreidae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological ; physiopathology

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous

OBJECTIVETo establish a ICP-MS method for the determination of heavy metals, including As, Hg, Pb, Cd, in four traditional Chinese medicines.

METHODThe samples were digested by closed-versel microwave. The four heavy metals were directly analyzed by ICP-MS. Select internal standard element in for the method by which the analyse signal drife is corrected by the signal of another element (internal standard elements) added to both the standard solution and sample.

RESULTFor all of the analyzed heary methals, the correlative coefficient of the calibration curves was over 0.999 2. The recovery rates of the procedure were 97.5%-108.0%, and its RSD was lower than 11.6%.

CONCLUSIONThis method was convenient, quick-acquired, accurate and highly sensitive. The method can be used for the quality control of trace elements in traditional Chinese medicines and for the contents determination of traditional Chinese medicines from different habitats and species.

Arsenic ; analysis ; Cadmium ; analysis ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; classification ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; classification ; Ecosystem ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; classification ; Lead ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Mercury ; analysis ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platycodon ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Glomerular hyperfiltrationis central in earlystage of DN and leads to the progression of renal architectonic and functional abnormalities. Salvi?anolic acid A (SalA) has been proved to protect diabetic complications such as hepatic fibrosis and neuropathy. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of SalAon glomerular endothelial dysfunctionand diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Primary glomerular endothelial cells were subjected to assess permeability under injury of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs-induced changes of RhoA/ROCK pathway and cytoskeleton rearrangement were assessed bywestern blotandimmunoflu?orescence. The beneficial effects of SalA on diabetic nephropathy were investigated in a rat model induced by high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with low dose of streptozocin (35 mg·kg- 1, ip). Renal function and architectonic changes were evaluated by biochemical assay and PAS staining. RESULTS SalA 3μMameliorated AGEs- induced glomerular endothelial permeability (P<0.05) and suppressed rearrangement of cytoskeleton through inhibiting AGE-RAGE-RhoA/ROCK pathway. SalA 1 mg · kg- 1 markedly reduced endothelium loss (P<0.01) and glomerular hyperfiltration (P<0.05) in diabetic kidney. Subsequently,SalA 1 mg·kg-1 suppressed glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion, eventually reduced 24 h-urinary albumin and ameliorated renal function by decreasing blood urine nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and serum n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG). AGEs-RAGE-Nox4-induced oxidative stress was suppressed by the treatment of SalA 1 mg·kg-1. CONCLUSION SalA ameliorated AGEs-induced glomerular endothelial hyperpermeability, and effec?tively protected against early-stage diabetic nephropathy by reducing hyperfiltration and alleviating renal structural deterioration through inhibiting AGEs and its downstream pathway. Thus, SalA might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenfu injection on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,and explore the brain protection mechanism of Shenfu injection. Methods Ninety adult healthy male Wister rats were chosen and randomly divided into sham-operated group,Shenfu injection treatment group and vehicle group (n=30); animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in the later 2 groups were established by a filament method in the left external-internal carotid artery.Rats in the Shenfu injection treatment group were injected with 8 mg/kg Shenfu injection during the reperfusion while those in the vehicle group with physiological saline.These rats in each group were divided into 3 sub-groups (n=10) according to the ischemia time (0.5,1 and 1.5 h after the model establishment). Twenty-four h after reperfusion, dry-weight method was employed to detect the content of brain tissues on the side received ischemia-reperfusion; and Western blotting was employed to observe the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the brain tissues. Results The water content of those brain tissues and the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the Shenfu injection treatment group and vehicle group at each time point significantly increased as compared with those in the sham-operated group (P＜0.05); the longer the ischemic time,the heavier the water content of the brain tissues and the higher the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. As compared with those in the vehicle group, the water content of the brain tissues and the expression of MMP-9 in the Shenfu injection treatment group obviously decreased,while the expression of TIMP-1 in the Shenfu injection treatment group significantly increased at each time point (P＜0.05). Conclusion Shenfu injection has the function against cerebral edema by accommodating the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.

OBJECTIVETo obtain allelic loss mapping and define the minimal lost region on chromosome 1q21 in gastric carcinomas, and explore role of 1q21 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the development and progression of gastric carcinogenesis.

METHODSUsing 7 high-density microsatellite markers and PCR method, lq21 LOH was analyzed in 30 paired specimens of fresh gastric carcinoma, and the relation between 1q21 LOH and the clinicopathological features of the malignancy was tested.

RESULTSThe LOH frequency on chromosome 1q21 from these gastric carcinoma tissues reached 60% (18/30). The LOH frequencies of the microsatellite markers D1S514, D1S2696, D1S498, D1S305, D1S2624, D1S2635 and D1S2702 were 13.3%, 10%, 20%, 23.3%, 33.3%, 40% and 23.3%, respectively. The minimal lost region on 1q21 LOH in the gastric carcinoma tissues was located in the region between D1S2624 and D1S2707, in the vicinity of D1S2635. No significant relations of 1q21 LOH to the patients' age, gender, location of the primary foci, clinical staging, or the tumor differentiation were noted (P>0.05), but 1q21 LOH was correlated to lymph node metastases of the malignancy (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigher frequency of 1q21 LOH occurs in gastric carcinoma cells, suggesting the presence of potential tumor suppressor genes closely associated with gastric carcinogenesis near the region of D1S2635.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics