The leading bioregional pesticide,Bacillus thuringiensis,is accepted by the public and widely used biopesticide in the world.B. thuringiensis chitinase may contribute to the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and enhance insecticidal activity.It helps to take full advan- tage of Bt and upgrade the efficiency.This paper reviews the progresses of B.thuringiensis chitinase.

Animals ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plethysmography ; methods ; Tidal Volume ; physiology

Objective To compare the treatment effects and toxicity of convention fractionation ra- diotherapy(CFR),late course accelerated hyperfractionafion radiotherapy(LCAFR) and whole course accel- erated hyperfractionation radiotherapy(WCAFR) for patients with middle or low thoracic esophageal moder- ately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Ninety patients with middle or low thoratic esoph- ageal carcinoma were divided into three groups:1.CFR group,patients were irradiated 2.0 Gy/f,5 times a week,to a total dose of 70 Gy;2.LCAFR group,patients were first irradiated with CFR to 40 Gy,then fol- lowed by 1.5 Gy/f bid,at more than 6 hoursinterval,5 times a week,to a total dose of 70 Gy;3.WCAFR group,patients were irradiated 1.5 Gy/f bid,at more than 6 hoursinterval,5 times a week,to a total dose of 72 Gy.Results The 1-,2-,3-year local control rate was 47%,17% and 0% in CFR group,60%,20% and 20% in LCAFR group,60%,40% and 33% in WCAFR group,respectively.The 1-,2-,3-year survival rate was 47%,20% and 10% in CFR group,63%,43% and 17% in LCAFR group,and 63% ,50% and 33% in WCAFR group,respectively.There were better results in the latter two groups(P＜0.01).The a- cute toxic effect was severer in the WCAHF and LCAF groups than in CF group.Highter grade 2-3 acute esophagitis rate was observed both in WCAHF and LCAF groups.There were no significant differences in late esophagitis rate between the three groups.The grade 1-2 acute radiation pneumonitis rates were higher in WCAHF group than in LCAF and CF groups.One patient died of radiation pneumonitis in WCAHF group. Conclusions Whole course accelerated hyperfractionation radiotherapy can significantly improve the local control rates and the 1-and 2-year survival rates of esophageal cancer,but can also increase the toxicity.

A suitable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of 11 mycotoxins with isotope internal standard in malt. The mycotoxins in malt were extracted and purified by one-step ultrasonic extraction procedure using acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (80 : 19 : 1), and then detected and confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS, and quantified by isotope labeled AFB1 ([13C17]-AFB1) and ZEN ([13C18]-ZEN) internal standards. Rapid separation of the 11 mycotoxins was successfully achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) with gradient elution using the mobile phase of methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and 2 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate in water. Simultaneous acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in both positive and negative ionization modes. The established method provided a good linearity for the 11 mycotoxins within their respective linear ranges with correlation coefficients all higher than 0.999 1. The average recoveries ranged from 75.0% to 117.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5.1%. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.05 to 30 μg x kg(-1) and 0.15 to 87.5 μg x kg(-1), respectively, which were below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by the European Union. Twenty malt samples were analyzed and nine samples were detected with mycotoxins, which were confirmed according to the same fragment ions found in positive samples and the standards at the same retention time. This study has demonstrated that the one-step extraction procedure of mycotoxins from complex matrices coupled to UPLC-MS/MS method is simple, quick, accurate and sensitive for quantitative and qualitative analysis of multiple mycotoxins in malt.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fermentation ; Hordeum ; chemistry ; Limit of Detection ; Mycotoxins ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Adult ; Device Removal ; methods ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; therapy ; Humans ; Male

Adult ; Device Removal ; Equipment Failure ; Female ; Foreign-Body Migration ; surgery ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; surgery ; Humans ; Myocardial Revascularization ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; complications ; Nasal Septal Perforation ; complications ; microbiology ; Sinusitis ; complications ; microbiology

Animals ; Ethanol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Male ; Zebrafish ; embryology

Ascites ; complications ; etiology ; Heart Failure ; complications ; etiology ; Hemochromatosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the left ventricular systolic synchrony in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). Methods Thirty patients with CRF and twenty-five normal subjects were enrolled in this study.The M-mode ejection fraction (M-EF), left ventricular end diastolic internal diameter (LVIDd), interventricular septum diameter (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWd) were obtained on two-dimension. The global and regional volume-time curves were obtained on three -dimensional. The end diastolic volume (LVEDV),end systolic volume (LVESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) of left ventricule, the time to minimal systolic volume (Tmsv) of 16,12,6-segmental standard deviation (Tmsv16, 12, 6-SD), maximal difference (Tmsv16, 12, 6-Dif) were derived from Qlab software . The above parameters as a percentage of the cardiac cycle with different heart rates between patients were also calculated from the Qlab software, which were Tmsv16, 12, 6-SD% and Tmsv16, 12, 6-Dif %, rspectively. Results The indices of HR, LVIDd, IVSd, LVPWd and LVESV were significantly higher while LVEF was significantly lower in the CRF group than those of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); The indices of systolic asynchrony of Tmsv16,12-SD%, Tmsv16,12-Dif, Tmsv16 ,12 ,6-SD/R-R%,Tmsv16,12,6-Dif/R-R% were significantly larger in the CRF group than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions RT-3DE provides a simple, intuitional and noninvasive approach to assess the systolic synchrony of all the LV segments simultaneously and LVEF in patients with chronic renal failure.