Identification of natural products has been a big challenge because of their structural complexity and diversity. Recently, with the development of separation materials, more and more complex compounds have been found with small quantity, which causes difficulty in absolute configuration assignment. Now, the computational methods, such as to compute the 13C NMR data and compare them with experimental results, could be used for relative configuration study other methods, for example, to compute optical rotation (OR), or optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD or CD) or vibrational circular dichroism VCD, could be efficiently used for absolute configuration determinations for chiral compounds, including the derminant computations for chiral acyclic compounds. Now, two or two more methods are applied for the absolute configuration study and exhibit very powerful reliability.

Objective To evaluate the validity of GP proceptors in mini-CEX workshop.Methods Three mini-cex workshops for GP proceptors of standardized training of general practitioners in Shanghai were held during November 2009 to September 2012.In the workshops 82 GP proceptors gave the complete rating scores for the training videotapes and the assessment accuracy was analyzed.Results The accurate rates of all items including history taking,physical examination,communication,clinical judgement,consulting skills,organisation and overall clinical perfomance were lower than 50％ in 9-point scale and the completely accurate rate and completely error rate were 1.2％ and 30.5％,respectively.The accurate rates of 5 items were more than 50％ in 3-rank system and the completely accurate rate and completely error rate were 3.7％ and 9.8％,respectively.The accurate rates of 4 items were more than 50％ in standard score ± 1 system and the completely accurate rate and completely error rate were 8.5％ and 2.4％,respectively.Comparing with 9-point scale,3-rank system had higher accurate rate in 5 items (P ＜ 0.05) and standard score ± 1 system had higher accurate rate in all 7 items(P ＜ 0.05).Abnomal rating scores were found more common in medical interview (41,50.0％),clinical judgement (32,39.0％) and physical examination (13,20.7％).GP proceptors with more than five years teaching experience were more likely to give error scores than those with five or less years teaching experience in 9-point scale(OR =6.993) and 3-rank system (OR =4.902).Leniency and halo effects occurred in 11 (13.4％) and 8 (9.8％) GP proceptors,respectively; and 14 (17.1％) GP proceptors gave written feedback.Conclusions The rater accuracy of GP proceptors in mini-CEX workshop should be improved further.

Objective To evaluate the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent autophagic signaling pathway in ketamine-induced reduction of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in rats.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats,aged 3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were equally randomized into 5 groups using a random number table:control group (C group),normal saline group (NS group),ketamine group (K group),ketamine + Compound C group (KC group),and ketamine + 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (KM group).DNP model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ)65 mg/kg in anesthetized rats.Four weeks later,the equal volume of normal saline,ketamine 10 mg/kg,ketamine 10 mg/kg + Compound C1 mg/kg,and ketamine + 3-MA 2 μl were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in NS,K,KC and KM groups,respectively.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured on 8th day.The rats were then sacrificed,and the lunbar segment (L1-5) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of AMPKαt,Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC) 3B (by Western blot) and dendritic spine density in the dorsal root ganglia.Results Compared with group C,the MWT,expression of AMPKα,Beclin-1,and LC3B,and dendritic spine density were significantly decreased in group NS (P＜0.05).Compared with group NS,the MWT,expression of AMPKαt,Beclin-1,and LC3B,and dendritic spine density were significantly increased in group K (P＜0.05).Compared with group K,the MWT,expression of AMPKα,Beclin-1,and LC3B,and dendritic spine density were significantly decreased in KC and KM groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Activation of AMPK-dependent autophagic pathway is involved in ketamine-induced reduction of DNP in rats.

0.05). CONCLUSION: There are no significant differences in cell characteristics and transplantation outcome using OB-OEC and OM-OEC transplantation for repairing neurological function.

Electrospinning is a new technique used to fabricate nanofibrous scaffold for guidance of tissue repair and regeneration. Electrospun scaffold simulates the structure and biological function of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and may provide an ideal engineered microenvironment for cell growth. In this paper, the principle of electrospinning technique and important processing parameters were briefly introduced. Investigations and developments in recent years regarding to the applications of tissue repair and regeneration were reviewed, several focusing issues of electrospinning were addressed as well. The significance and problems unresolved were discussed.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of medical therapy after conservative operation for endometriosis.(Methods)Endometriosis was confirmed in 89 patients by laparoscopic inspection,and conservative operations were performed to remove the adhesion,excise or destroy all the endometriotic tissues,including single excision of endo-(metriotic) masses or plus unilateral salpingoophorectomy,and to restore pelvic anatomy to the best possible condition.All the patients were divided into two groups randomly: treatment group(n=44),three months drug therapy of go-(nadotropin-)releasing hormone analogs(GnRHa) after operation;control group(n=45),no drug therapy after operation.Clinical symptoms,concentrations of CA-125,manual and ultrasonic pelvic check-up,as well as pregnancy rate to those who had a desire for future fertility(n=28)were followed up. Results All the patients experienced alleviation of clinical symptoms after the operation.The recurring rates: 0% in treatment group vs 4% in control group six months later;2% in treatment group vs 4% in control group 12 months later(P

Objective To analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) and mycophenolic acid (MPA)pharmacokinetics in Chinese kidney recipients.Methods Gene mutations (C-440T/T-331C,C-2152T,T-275A,T98C) were detected in 196 recipients by PCR-LDR.On the 28th day after transplantation,the plasma samples which were obtained at the time points of predose,0.5 h and 2 h after administration were measured by an immunoassay method (Emit Mycophenolic Acid Assay,Dade Behring).MPA-AUC0-12 was calculated based on these three data.Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MPA pharmacokinetics was analyzed.Results C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 were not found in 196 recipients.The frequency of C-440T/T-331C gene mutation was 14.29% (28/196).The mean value of MPA-AUC0-12 was 40.6±11.8 wild genotype,respectively (P＞0.05).Conclusion C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 are scarce in Chinese kidney recipients.In this study,there is no distinct relationship between -440/-331 SNPs and MPA pharmacokinetics in Chinese allograft recipients.

Objective To develop an efficient method for the determination of activity of human lymphocyte kynureninase by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods Protein containing kynureninase was extracted from lymphocytes.The reaction was made with 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid as substrate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as coenzyme.The product was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.(Results)Standard curve of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid was highly linear over the range from 2 to 400 nmol/L.The intra-day coefficient of variation(CV) was less than 3.0% and the inter-day CV was less than 3.2%. Conclusion(The developed) assay is efficient and can be used to determine the activity of kynureninase from kinds of tissues.

Objective To study the feasibility of defining the internal gross tumor volume (IGTV) of hepatocellular carcinoma applying the enhanced four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images with deformable registration technology.Methods Ten HCC patients who accepted radiation therapy were selected in this study.The 4DCT in free breathing,non-enhanced 3DCT and arterial phase enhanced 3DCT in end inspiration breath holding associated with active breathing coordinator were acquired sequentially.4DCT were sorted into ten series CT images according to breath phase,and named CT00,CT10..…CT90.Gross tumor volume (GTV) were contoured on different CT series and the IGTV1 was merged by ten phases GTVs of 4DCT.The GTV of enhanced 3DCT was registered to different CT series of 4DCT and the IGTVDR was obtained by merging the GTVs after deformable registration.The target volumes differences were compared by paired t-test.Results The edge of tumor was difficult to define on 4DCT and non-enhanced 3DCT images.The enhanced 3DCT image showed clearer tumor edge,and the GTV increased by mean 37.99％ compared to GTV on 4DCT different series images and non-enhanced 3DCT image (P =0.002).The GTV after deformable registration on 4DCT different phase images increased by mean 36.34％ (P =0.011),which were similar to GTV on enhanced 3DCT image (P =0.632).The IGTVDR increased by 19.91％ (P =0.017),compared to IGTV1.Conclusions The contrast-enhanced 4DCT image which was obtained by combining enhanced 3DCT and 4DCT images with deformable registration technology could raise the position precision of the HCC IGTV effectively.

Objective To study the response of NG2 positive and other glial cells in the facial nucleus after facial nerve axotomy,and explore the changes of the microenvironment in the facial nucleus.Methods Rat facial nerve axotomy models were established.Immunofluorescence double staining,and immunohistochemical staining combined with cresyl violet staining were used to observe the response of NG2 cells and other glial cells,and Western blotting was performed to test NG2 protein expression in facial nucleus at postoperative 1,2,7,14,and 28 days.Results Microglia formed dense circles closely around the injured neurons.Astrocytes formed wreath-like structure near the injured neurons.NG2 protein in the injured nucleus has a regular timephase change and NG2 positive cells showed an extensive detachment of synaptic terminals on the damaged neurons after facial nerve axotomy.NG2 cell response was almost the same as microglia.Conclusions All kinds of glial cells may be involved in the formation of glial scar.NG2 positive cells could insulate the damaged neurons against the potential damage from the excitatory input.