Objective To explore the role of astrocytes transient receptor potential channel 6(TRPC6) in rat brain injury (TBI).Methods Thirty-nine male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into the sham operation group,injury group and deferoxamine(DFX) group(n=13).According to the previous model construction scheme established by our research group Feeney method,the rat brain impact injury model was established.The Morris water maze test was performed and the defected brain volume was measured.The immunofluorescence was adopted to detect the co-expression of TRPC6 and GFAP.Then Western blot was performed.Results The defected brain volume after TBI in the DFX group was significantly decreased compared with the injury group [(115.35 ± 13.70)mm3 vs.(209.99 ± 16.70)mm3]] (P＜0.05).The Morris water maze test found that the platform search strategy and search time in the DFX group were(3.13 ± 0.35) and(36.15 ± 26.63)s,which were significantly improve d compared with (2.13±0.64) and(110±47.34)s in the injury group(P＜0.05).The immunofluorescence found that GFAP in the DFX group was highly expressed,moreover the co-expression with TRPC6 was increased.Western blot found that TRPC6 in the DFX group was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01).Conclusion In rat TBI early stage,strocytes are activated after DFX treatment and TRPC6 is highly expressed,playing a neuroprotective role.

Objective Stress radiography provides an objective tool to measure posterior knee instability.This study was conducted to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of measurements using Telos device to quantify posterior knee instability,compared wim KT-1000 and PDT test for consistency analysis.Methods From October 2008 to June 2009,68 stress radiographs in 34 patients with posterior knee instability were taken using Telos device.The amount of posterior displacement on the radiographs was measured independently by 2 surgeons on 2 separate occasions.Changes in intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)were examined to assess the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the measurement,and were compared with those from KT-1000 and PDT test for consistency analysis.Results Intraobserver ICC was 0.992,while interobserver ICC Was 0.991.There was no significant difierence between Telos and KT-1000 in pair-t test.The data from Telos device was consistent with KT-1000.The coincident ratio Of PDT test was 20% while the posterior displacement of the tibia calculated on stress radiography was 5-10 mm.The coincident ratio of the PDT was 71.4% while the posterior displacement of the tibia calculatcd from stress radiography was 10-15 mm.Conclusion Using Telos device for stress radiograph provides a reproducible method to quantify posterior knee instability,and the consistency between Telos divece and KT-1000 was reliable.The coincident ratio of the PDT test with stress radiography increased when the posterior displacement of the tibia from stress view became more severe.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopy versus mini-incision surgery for the treatment of avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).Methods From March 2001 to September 2009,84 patients with acute displaced avulsion fracture of the tibial PCL attachment were treated operatively in our department.Thirty-five patients were treated with arthroscopic reduction and suture fixation (Group 1); 49 patients were treated with open reduction through a mini-incision and internal fixation with cannulated screw(s) and washer(s) (Group 2).There were 27 males and 8 females in group 1,with a mean age of 29.6 ± 5.6 years old,and 40 males and 9 females in group 2,with a mean age of 32.2 ± 7.6 years old.Based on the Meyers & Mckeever classification,there were 24 type Ⅱ fractures and 11 type Ⅲ fractures in group 1,and 31 type Ⅱ fractures and 18 type Ⅲ fractures in group 2.The 2 groups were compared in terms of range of motion,posterior drawer test (PDT),Lysholm score,International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grading,and clinical results.Results All the patients obtained an average follow-up of 21.5 months (range,13 to 34 months).Primary union was achieved in all the fractures 3 months postoperatively.There were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 regarding the PDT negative rate [82.9％ (29/35) versus 91.8％ (45/49)],the Lysholm score (95.1 ± 5.6 versus 96.1 ±4.7),therate ofIKDC grade A [88.6％ (31/35) versus91.8％ (45/49)],or the rate of normal range of motion [94.3％ (33/35) versus 93.9％ (46/49)] (P ＞ 0.05).On average,group 1 used significantly longer operative time (92.4 ± 15.9 minutes) than group 2 (53.8 ± 14.3 minutes).Conclusions Both arthroscopy and mini-incision surgery can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in the treatment of PCL tibial avulsion fracture.Although the 2 methods make no significant differences in stability of the knee joint and clinical scores,mini-incision surgery can result in much shorter operative time and thus permit an early postoperative rehabilitation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of vascular endotheliar growth factor(VEGF),chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) in Wilms tumor as well as their relationship with clinical features by examining the expressions of VEGF,CXCR4 and SDF-1.MethodsThirty cases of Wilms tumor samples and 12 cases of adjacent kidney tissue were collected from the First and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2003 to May 2008.Thirteen boys and 17 girls aging from 4 months to 7 years old of whom were 22 favorable histologic types and 8 unfavorable histologic types.By means of cytoplasm to dye buffy for masculine cell,staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells serve as the judgment criteria for being positive or negative.All tissues would be tested by hematoxylin and eosin stain at the same time.ResultsThe positive expression rate of VEGF,CXCR4 and SDF-1 in Wilms tumor were 63.33%,70.0% and 53.33%.Those in adjacent normal kidney tissue were 25.0%,8.3% and 16.7%.The 2 groups were statistically significant(Pa

In this paper,the author introduced the features of online mendelian inheri-tance in man database,and intensively reviewed its application in teaching and research of medical genetics,thus providing teachers and scientists an updating dictionary.

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simuhaneous content determination of five flavonoids in Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke at five picking time (April,May,June,July and August).METHODS The analysis of D.indica methanol extract was performed on a 25 ℃ thermostatic Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase comprising of acetointrile-0.1％ methanoic acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 350 nm.RESULTS Rutin,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,celereoin and kaempferol showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (R2 ≥0.998 6),whose average recoveries were 97.1％-101.5％ with the RSDs of 1.37％-2.37％.The contents of five constituents in samples at different picking time exhibited obvious differences,among which lutin and hyperoside contents were the highest in June,isoquercitrin content was the highest in July,and celereoin and kaempferol contents were the highest in August.CONCLUSION The suitable picking time of D.indica is June and July.

Objective To establish a quantitative biomechanical relationship between the anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and the posterior horn of medial meniscus. Methods 10 human cadaveric knees were examined using an in vitro knee-testing apparatus. In response to a combined 134 N anterior and 200 N axial compressive tibial load, the in situ forces in the posterior horn of medial meniscus were measured. Testing was performed on 10 knees at multiple angles of flexion (30?, 60?, 90?) before and after resection of anterior cruciate ligament. Results The resultant forces on the posterior horn of medial meniscus were as follows: intact ACL knees, (22.8?11.5) N in 30? flexion, (27.1?16.3) N in 60? flexion, (26.7?14.5) N in 90? flexion. ACL deficiency knees, (87.3?43.9) N in 30? flexion, (77.7?43.3) N in 60? flexion, (66.2?40.1) N in 90? flexion. The resultant forces significantly increased as a result of ACL deficiency(P

Objective To describe the arthroscopic reductions and fixation of tibial intercondylar eminence fracture with cannulated screws. Methods During February 2003 to September 2005, 40 patients were treated arthroscopically for fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence. The average age was 29.5 years (11-58 years), with a mean follow-up time of 20.1 months(6-37 months). Among the 40 patients, there were 4 type Ⅱ fractures (10%), 24 type Ⅲ fractures (60%) and 12 type Ⅳ fractures (30%). The fragments were reduced and fixed with cannulated screws. All-arthroscopic technique was adopted in all cases. The hematoma and the fragment were debrided, and the bony fragment was reduced and temporarily fixed with 2-3 guide wires through the portal superomedial to the patella. Intra-operative X-ray was taken to prove the reduction. One or two cannulated screws were used to fix the fragment as the definite fixation. Results The fracture healed completely in all but 1 patient. Lachman test were negative in all patients postoperatively. The average postoperative KT-1000 manual maximum displacement(MMD) was 0.625 mm(?蛳1-2 mm) and average Lysholm score was 98.3 points(87-100 points). The range of motion was normal in 34 patients. Flexion deficit was found in 5 cases, but within 10?. Knee joint stiffness was found in 1 case with range of extension and flexion 0?-30?-45?. A secondary operation with arthroscopic release was performed. The range of extension and flexion was improved to 0?-10?-80? postoperatively. Mild anterior knee pains were found in 8 patients. For 4 young patients with open epiphysis, the cannulated screws were removed 10-12 weeks post operation. No growth disturbance was detected for these 4 patients at final follow-up. Conclusion Arthroscopic fixation of fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence with cannulated screw is a simple, safe and effective procedure suitable for both children and adult patients.

Objective To present the preoperative planning protocol and surgical procedures of computerized navigation technique in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and the comparative study results of tibial and femoral bone tunnel positions between navigation and arthroscopy technique. Methods The proper placement of femoral and tibial tunnels were planned preoperatively in standard AP and lateral X-ray view. Intraoperative fluoroscopic images were taken and inputed into navigation computer system to form the virtual interactive working fields. After placement and registration, signals from patient trackers being fixed into distal femur and tibia respectively, and tool trackers being attached with ACL tibial and femoral guide, were identified and captured by the optic navigation camera and so, the navigation computer system could pursued the real-time position of the ACL guide tools and the virtual tunnel positions were projeted into the working fields to help precise placement of femoral and tibial tunnels. From December 2005 to April 2006, 46 patients underwent fluoroscopy assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Of them, 40 cases were evaluated with the postoperative X-ray lateral view to measure the placement of both femoral and tibial tunnels, and compared with the group of 40 cases of arthroscopy assisted ACL reconstruction in the same study period. Results For the navigation group, the average position of tibial tunnel was 45.35%?3.827% (37% to 53%) and 62.25%?5.610% (52% to 73%) for femoral tunnel. For the arthroscopic group, the average tunnel positions was 41.05%?6.008% (25% to 54%) for the tibia, and 56.62%?7.316% (46% to 77%) for the femur. With reduced SD, the average positions for both of the 2 tunnels in the navigation group were significantly more posterior than the arthroscopic group(P

Objective To study the effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) ? on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and explore the roles of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and phospho-Akt in this process. Methods SMMC-7721 cells were treated with 15-d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone, which were two kinds of PPAR? ligands, at different concentrations. The viability of SMMC-7721 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. PTEN mRNA level was determined by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of PTEN and pAkt were measured by Western blot analysis. Results It was demonstrated through MTT assay that both 15-d-PGJ2 and pioglitazone had an inhibitory effect on the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner. According to flow cytometry detection, more cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase. Increased expression of PTEN mRNA was detected in 15-d-PGJ2 or pioglitazone-treated cells through RT-PCR. Increased expression of PTEN protein and decreased expression of pAkt were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conclusion The ligands of PPAR? could inhibit SMMC-7721 cells proliferation in a time- and dose- dependent manner. The upregulation of PTEN may be involved in the underlying mechanism.