Atrophy ; Brain ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch ; pathology ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; congenital ; pathology

This article discusses the application of multimedia courseware to the physiology teaching.During making multimedia courseware hypertext interlinkage,diagram and simulating writing on blackboard should be applied.The physiology teaching should evoke study interest and activity of the students to improve teaching quality of physiology comprehensively.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between occupational hazard susceptibility of formaldehyde and genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and CYP2E1.

METHODSGenotypes of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 (Rsa I/Pst I site) of 107 subjects exposed to formaldehyde were determined with PCR-RFLP through testing peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the concentration of air formaldehyde in workplace and urine formic acid of the subjects were measured with HPLC. The relationship between genotypes and the urine formic acid increment was analyzed with nonparametric rank sum testing.

RESULTSThe concentration of urine formic acid increment was related with ALDH2 genotypes (chi2 = 9.241, P < 0.05), and the means of urinary formic acid of subjects with GG, GA, AA genotype were (15.84 +/- 6.86), (12.06 +/- 7.94) and (7.31 +/- 5.37) mg/g creatinine, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test showed the formic acid increment between allele G homozygotes and allele A homozygotes was significantly different (U=26, P= 0.033). Our data indicated that the formaldehyde metabolism of ALDH2 GG homozygotic genotype was more active than ALDH2 AA homozygotic genotype(the difference of the two mean rank was 13.30). But the polymorphism of Rsa I / Pst I site of CYP2E1 5'-franking region was not correlated with the concentration of urine formic acid (chi2 = 4.285, P=0.117), and the urinary formic acid means of subjects with C1/C1, C1/C2, C2/C2 genotype were (11.14 +/- 7.91), (12.13 +/- 8.16) and (16.51 -/+ 3.78) mg/g creatinine, respectively. By Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis, it showed that the urinary formic acid increment might be influenced by FA exposure concentration and ALDH2 genotype, and the model's R2 was 0.196.

CONCLUSIONThe metabolism of formaldehyde in human body was related with the genotypes of ALDH2, but not with the CYP2E1 (Rsa I/Pst I) polymorphisms.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial ; Alleles ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; metabolism ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors

Full-length NS5A gene of the hepatitis C virus was amplified by PCR using plasmid pBAC25 containing HCV nonstructural gene as template. The amplified fragment (about 1.34 kb) was cloned into plasmid pQE32, and the recombinant plasmid pQENS5A was expressed in JM109 strain. The NS5A protein was purified by NiSO4 metal chelating resin, and characterized by Western-blot. Its antigenecity was determined by ELISA. The positive detection rate of anti-NS5A was 75% (69/92) in ninety-two clinic sera. The positive rate of anti-NS5A was 82.5% (33/40) in fourty positive standand sera, and the negative rate of anti-NS5A was 100% (40/40) in fourty negative standand sera. The results showed that the Full-length NS5A proteinn had the higher sensitivity and specificity in the detection of HCV antibody in sera, we suggested that NS5A protein was a useful antigen for blood screening.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphological features, immunohistochemical phenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of collagenous spherulosis of the breast.

METHODSClinicopathologic observation, immunohistochemistry using EnVision method and histochemical staining were applied in 33 cases of collagenous spherulosis of the breast.

RESULTSCollagenous spherulosis of the breast was a benign lesion, consisting of proliferative myoepithelial and ductal epithelial cells. These cells were arranged in a cribriform pattern with esinophilic, round, oval or star-shaped fibrillary spherules in the lumen.SMA, calponin and p63 by immunohistochemistry identified the proliferative myoepithelium, while E-cadherin identified the proliferative ductal epithelial cells. The esinophilic spherules were stained with collagen type IV, AB-PAS and reticulin. Collagenous spherulosis was often found in sclerosing adenosis.

CONCLUSIONSCollagenous spherulosis of the breast is often associated with other diseases. It has special morphological presentation and is easily confused with malignant tumors such as adenoid cystic carcinoma or cribriform carcinoma in situ, and needs to be differentiated from these disease entities.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Calcinosis ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the vasodilation effect of the procyanidin (PC) extracted from grape seeds on rabbit thoracic aortic rings in vitro, decreasing blood pressure in vivo and the possible mechanism.

METHODRabbits aortic rings were isolated and were divided into six groups including removal of endothelium, integrity of endothelium, 1 x 10(-5) mol X L(-1) indomethacin (Indo), 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) propranolol (Prop), 1 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) methylene blue (MB). Then the thoracic aortic rings were treated with PC with cumulative concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 mg x L(-1) respectively and the changes of tension were recorded, and investigate the effect of 40 mg x L(-1) PC on the contraction of aortic smooth muscles, thoracic aortic rings were pre-treated with NA (1 x 10(-8) to approximately 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)), KCl (6.3 to approximately 100 mmol x L(-1)) and CaCl2 (1 x 10(-5) to approximately 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)) followed by treatment with PC. Then, rabbits common carotid artery was intubated and arterial blood pressure in vivo was recorded. PC with cumulative concentrations of 4.0, 8.0, 16, 32, 64, 84 mg x kg(-1) was injected into vein and the changes of arterial blood pressure were observed.

RESULTPC could relax isolated rabbit aorta and showedan obvious concentration-dependent relaxation (r = 0. 63, P < 0.001). The relaxant effect of PC was significantly reduced by removal of endothelium and by treatment with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA, or guanylyl cyclase inhibitor MB. In addition PC could decrease the dose response curves of aortic rings to NA, KCl and CaCl2. PC has a significant concentration-dependent negative effect on arterial blood pressure in vivo (r = 0.92, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONPC has a vasodilation effect not only in an endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide involved manner, but in inhibition of calcium release and blockage of potential-dependent calcium channels. PC could decrease the rabbit's arterial blood pressure significantly in vivo.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle Relaxation ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; Norepinephrine ; pharmacology ; Potassium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of carcinomas arising in fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast.

METHODSMorphological observation and immunohistochemistry using MaxVision method were performed in fifty-four cases of carcinoma arising from fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast from January 2003 to February 2014.

RESULTSThirty-eight cases of carcinoma arose from fibroadenomas. Twelve cases were classical lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Twenty-one cases were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), including four cases of low-grade, ten cases of intermediate-grade, six cases of high-grade and one case of apocrine. One case was mixed DCIS and LCIS. Three cases were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) accompanied with DCIS. One case was spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma. Sixteen cases arose from phyllodes tumours. Six cases arose from benign phyllodes tumours, including four cases of low-grade DCIS, one case of high-grade DCIS, and one case of classical LCIS with micro-invasion (diameter 0.9 mm). Three cases arose from borderline phyllodes tumours, including one case of classical LCIS, one case of intermediate-grade DCIS, and one case of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) with LCIS. Seven cases arose from malignant phyllodes tumours, including two cases each of low-grade DCIS and intermediate-grade DCIS, one case of high-grade DCIS, one case of apocrine DCIS, and one case of mixed IDC with DCIS. By immunohistochemistry, LCIS and ILC were diffusely positive for ER and PR. Low-grade DCIS was diffusely positive for ER and PR ( > 90%), intermediate-grade DCIS was 70%-90% positive, high-grade DCIS was negative for ER and 20%-30% positive for PR, apocrine DCIS was both negative, and IDC was 40%-90% positive. The spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma was negative for ER and PR, but showed diffuse or scattered positivity for CK5/6 and p63.

CONCLUSIONSCarcinomas arising from fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast are rare, showing unusual clinical presentation, and are characterized by in situ or invasive carcinomas in a background of fibroepithelial neoplasms. The accurate diagnosis depends on the recognition of the background fibroepithelial neoplasms and assessment of the nature of the epithelial proliferation, supplemented by immunohistochemistry when necessary.

Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial ; pathology ; Phyllodes Tumor ; pathology ; Rare Diseases ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treated collagen composite sponge on vascularization of HA orbital implants.

METHODSNew Zealand rabbits received three different orbital implants:naked implants, implants wrapped with collagen composite sponge and implants wrapped with bFGF treated collagen composite sponge.Implants were harvested 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The vascularization of implants was then assessed by light and electron microscopy.

RESULTSAt post-surgery weeks of 2, 4 and 6, bFGF treated collagen composite sponge induced the highest degree of vascularization of orbital implants. Collagen composite sponge alone resulted in higher extent of vascularization than naked implants. Complete vascularization of implants was observed at post-surgery 6 weeks by bFGF treated collagen composite sponge, which was not observed in the other two groups until post-surgery 8 weeks. There were significant differences in the average length of fibrovasculature and in the degree of vascularization among each group at post-surgery 2, 4 and 6 weeks (P<0.05), while no statistical difference was observed at post-surgery 8 and 12 weeks (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSbFGF treated collagen composite sponge facilitates fibrovascularization of orbital implants, and shortens the time required for complete vascularization. Collagen composite sponge alone promotes early-stage fibrovascularization, but fails to facilitate complete vascularization of orbital implants.

Animals ; Collagen ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Orbital Implants ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVEAn improved water-fat separation method based on region-growing was proposed for use in regions with low signal-noise ratio (SNR).

METHODSRegion-growing method was applied to 4 sub-images acquired by a down- sampling operation on the acquired phasor maps. The spatial smoothing constraint was exploited to calculate 4 error phasor maps to construct the final smooth error phasor map, which was used in two-point Dixon technique for water-fat separation.

RESULTSThe simulation experiment showed that the proposed method produced smaller errors, and for clinical images of the knees, abdomen and lower limbs, the proposed method achieved accurate water-fat separations.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is more robust and reliable than the original global region-growing algorithm, and serves as a promising water-fat separation method for clinical applications.

Abdomen ; diagnostic imaging ; Adipose Tissue ; diagnostic imaging ; Algorithms ; Body Water ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Knee ; diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective Radionuclide-labeled low molecular weight polypeptide is reeently advocated for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide in nude mice bearing human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was prepared by Ch-T method. The radiochemical purity was measured and biodistribution was evaluated. The nude mice models bearing human NSCLC were studied and divided into four groups: group A injected 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide through tail vein, group B injected normal saline, group C injected 131Ⅰ-Tyroctreotide through stroma and group D injected 131Ⅰ through stroma. The radioactivity ratio of tumor to normal tissue (T/NT) was calculated over region of interest (ROI). The tumor cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotion nick end labeling (TUNEL) and histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.0, and the comparison for difference between groups performed with one-way ANOVA analysis. Results The labeled radiochemical purity was (95.23±1.67)% and specific activity of 3.5×106Bq/ug. The biodistributiou showed high uptake in kidney, and low uptake in liver and spleen. The radioactive uptake in group C was higher than the other groups, and the retention time was longer. The T/NT was 52.74±0.13 after 24 h, which was much higher than that the other groups (group D: 8.90±0.23, group A: 6.42±0.02, q=628.81 and 664.33, all P<0.05). The resuits of tmnor cell cycle determined by FCM showed that the G1 phase was blocked mast remarkably in group C than the other groups [group C: (83.17±6.86)%, group A: (57.02±18.81)%, group D: (49.29±7.80)%, group B: (45.88±5.13)%, q=5.29, 6.86, 7.55, 1.56, 2.26, 0.69, all P<0.05]. Apeptotic cells were observed by TUNEL, and apoptotic body was detected by immuno-histochemical examination. Conclusions 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was easily labeled by Ch-T. 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide could induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit the tumor cell of NSCLC. It might be a potential target-directed agent in NSCLC.