Patients with ischemic stroke is often accompanied by inflammtory response. Studies have suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has induced the occurrence,development and of ischemic stroke and secondary brain injury. This article reviews the toil-like receptor 4 signal transduction pathway and its roles in ischemic stroke in order to provide certain basis for the development of TLR4-targeted medication.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of salmon calcitonin plus Xianling gubao for osteoporosis and ostealgia in postmenopausal women. METHODS:160 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and ostealgia were randomized to 3 groups (treatment group and 2 control groups):the treatment group received(500 IU q.d) salmon calcitonin nasal spray plus Xianling gubao(1.5 g b.i.d orally); the control group Ⅰ received(500 IU q.d) salmon calcitonin nasal spray alone and the control group Ⅱ received Xianling gubao(1.5 g b.i.d orally) alone. All the patients received oral Caltrate D (1 tablet q.d). A course was defined as 30 days. After treatment for a total of 3 courses,the nature and degree of ostealgia in all the patients were assessed,and the outcome indexes were measured and the adverse drug reactions were recorded. RESULTS:There were significant differences between the treatment group and two control groups in total effective rates(92.59% for treatment group vs. 69.81% for control group Ⅰ and 67.92% for control group Ⅱ,P0.05). CONCLUSION:Treatment of osteoporosis and ostealgia in postmenopausal women with salmon calcitonin plus Xianling gubao has been proved to be safe and effective in that the bone density can be increased effectively and the osteoporotic pain of lumbar and back of the patients can be relieved.

Objective To investigate the effects of eritoran on the expressions of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-[ (IFN-β) mRNA in the basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits.Methods Atotal of 36 healthy adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups:SAH (n =12),normal saline (n =12) and eritoran (n =12) groups.A SAH model was induced by injection of autologous arterial blood into cisterna magnatwice.An equal amount of cerebrospinal fluid was displaced with the saline in the normal saline group.An equal amount of autologous non-heparinized arterial blood was injected immediate after the replacementof cerebrospinal fluid in the SAH group.Eritoran 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously immediately after the blood injection via the cisterna magna each time in the eritoran group.The food intake and neurological deficit were assessed.The expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α and IFN-β mRNA in the basilar artery were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The food intake scores (1.20 ± 0.41 vs.2.20 ±0.61; t =53.073,P =0.002),the neurological deficit scores (1.46 ± 0.32 vs.2.6 ± 0.08; t =306.431,P =0.001),the expressions of IL-1β (1.22 ±0.48 vs.2.38 ±0.06,P =0.000),TNF-α (1.39 ±0.07 vs.3.32 ±0.21,P =0.000) and IFN-β (1.51 ±0.08 vs.2.18 ±0.05,P =0.000) in Eritoran group were all significantly lower than those in the SAH group.Conclusions Eritoran may downregnlate the expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,TNF-α and IFN-β mRNA in the basilar artery after SAH in rabbits,increasing food intake,and improving neurological deficits.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endotoxemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; blood ; Lipopolysaccharides ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Shock, Septic ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Killer Cells, Natural ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microcirculation ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

ObjectiveTo study the effects of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum(AET) on the blood glucose in normal and alloxan(ALX)-diabetic mice.MethodsFasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance in normal and ALX-diabetic mice were measured respectively 7 days after AET had been given.ResultsAET had not significantly effected the fasting blood glucose of normal mice, but improved their glucose toleranc. Otherwise, AET reduced fasting blood glouse of diabetic mice induced by ALX significantly.ConclusionAET can be used on treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomaaccounting for 30 %-40 %. The most common first-line therapy for DLBCL is rituximab in combination withchemotherapy. About two thirds of patients treated by the first-line therapy achieve a complete remission (CR)and are cured finally, but nearly one third of patients can not reach CR after frontline treatment appearingrefractory or relapse early, especially for the high risk patients or cases with MYC alterations, the regimenimproving the long-term survival is not much. In the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annualmeeting, a plenty of treatment as focus on these patients brought in encouraging results, which makes itpossible to further improve the CR rate. The progresses on DLBCL of relapse and refractory, high risk andspecial types were summarized in this paper based on the reports in the 57th ASH annual meeting.

Objective To investigate the effect of physical training on plasma N-terminal pro-brain natri- uretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Eighty NYHAⅡ-ⅢCHF patients were randomly divided into a training group(n=42)and a control group(n=38).A 6-minute walk- ing test was performed within 24 hours after the patients were admitted.The 6-minute walking distance and plasma NT-proBNP levels were determined before and after 8 weeks of programmed physical training.The patients of both groups were treated with routine drugs for heart failure.6-minute walk training was only performed in the training group twice a day for 8 weeks.Results Physical training could significantly reduce plasma NT-proBNP levels and improve performance on the 6-minute walking test.Conclusions Physical training could significantly reduce plas- ma NT-proBNP levels and improve the motor function of patients with CHF,and could be helpful in delaying the de- velopment of CHF.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the time-course expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: The TBI model of mouse was established. The mice were divided in 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d after TBI, sham and control groups. The permeability of the blood brain barrier was evaluated by measuring the extravasation of Evans blue (EB) dye. The expression of ZO-1 in cerebral cortex in the injured area was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The extravasation of EB dye of injured cortex gradually increased from 1 h, peaked at 1-3 d and approximately decreased to normal at 7 d after TBI. Western blotting revealed that the expression of ZO-1 gradually decreased after 1 h, was at the lowest at 1-3 d, and then significantly increased after 7 d but was still lower than that of normal and sham groups. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that ZO-1 had strong expression in vessel of normal cortex, gradually decreased after TBI, and almost disappeared at 3 d after TBI and gradually recovered to normal level later. CONCLUSION The expression of ZO-1 in the injured cortex after TBI initially decreases and then increases. The negative correlation between ZO-1 expression and EB extravasation after TBI could be used as a new indicator for wound age estimation.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Blotting, Western ; Brain Injuries/physiopathology* ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Permeability ; Tight Junctions/metabolism* ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/metabolism*

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1) is an interferon-induced protein. To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1). Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector, then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-) vector. Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells, and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed. Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3, and viral yield in cultures were detected. The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells. hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro. These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.